Pleiades Change Log: 2023-03-01 - 2023-03-31

Abū Dhuba‘

Minor site from which inscribed bricks have been found.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Alanya Castle

Alanya Castle is a thirteenth century fortification built on the site of Korakesion.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Amphitheatre of Thapsus

A stone-built Amphitheatre at Thapsus.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Anfiteatro Fausto

The "Anfiteatro Fausto" or "Amphitheater of Faustus" refers to a Roman amphitheater that was built during the reign of Tiberius (likely 30 or 32 CE) at Terni.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Argaka Slag Heap

A copper-smelting slag heap located in the village of Argaka in western Cyprus (Paphos district), dating between the third and eighth centuries CE and likely derived from ore mined at Limni.
Creators: Tom Elliott
Contributors:

Assur Archive 15 (N 1)

In the southwest courtyard and nearby rooms of the Aššur temple, researchers found a library and an archive consisting of at least 301 clay tablets, mostly fragmentary, and possibly several hundred more. These tablets were concentrated in the northwest part of the courtyard, the northwest rooms and the Enpi gate, and some stone tablets and other inscribed objects were also found in this area. Tablets found in other parts of the Aššur temple complex also belong to Assur Archive 15. This includes at least 72 clay tablets, often fragmentary, as well as fragmentary clay prisms and cylinders. These tablets were mostly found in the southern part of the large forecourt, as well as west of the temple complex. The texts included in the library date from the Old Assyrian to the Neo Assyrian period, with a core of Middle Assyrian texts and contained cultic and hymnic texts, myths, omens, incantations, prescriptions, lexical lists, as well as hemerological, mathematical, astronomical and astrological texts. The dating of the archive is similar; it contained lists, decrees, letters and historical texts.
Creators: Poppy Tushingham; Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Jamie Novotny

Bani Walid

A modern city in Libya's Misratah province on the western edge of which Roman milestones and funerary inscriptions have been found removed from their original positions as part of modern agricultural activity. The local museum holds artistic and architectural artifacts from a number of nearby locations.
Creators: Tom Elliott
Contributors:

Başbulak

Find spot for a stone with Urartian inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Bozkurt

Settlement inhabited from the middle-late Chalcolithic to the Urartian Kingdom in the middle Iron Age. The site is located on the southwest slope linking Mount Ağrı with the Doğubayazıt Plain in Eastern Turkey. Bozkurt comprises a complex of sites, including one mound, two cemeteries, two fortresses, and an outpost-road station.
Creators: Zachary Rosalinsky
Contributors:

Burmarina Archive 1

The small town of Burmarina belonged to the area of the city Til-Barsip which was under Neo-Assyrian rule. An archive, consisting of about 130 clay tablets and fragments, including some bullae, was discovered in two rooms, presumably part of a private house, in Area F. Although most texts were written in Assyrian, some were in Aramaic, and some had short Aramaic notes written in ink. While most of the Assyrian texts were loan or purchase documents, the archive also includes short notes and a list. The Aramaic texts concern loans or are short notes written on bullae.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Poppy Tushingham

Castello di Monte Sant'Angelo

The castle of Monte Sant'Angelo was built in 837 by the Doge of Venice Orso I. It is located in the comune of Monte Sant'Angelo in Apulia.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Çelebibağı

Find spot for a Urartian stela, a mosque in the village Çelebibağı.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Chale Ghar 1

Bronze Age copper mine reused as a sanctuary or ritual site from the 8th century BCE-8th century CE, located near the modern village of Veshnaveh, Iran.
Creators: Gabriel Mckee
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Chogha Bonut

Chogha Bonut is an archaeological site located in the Khuzistan Province of Iran. It lies approximately 5km to the west of Chogha Mish. The tell was the site of a settlement of the Elamite civilization and was settled by ca. 7200 BCE.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Chughā Gāwānah

Large mound in the middle of Shahabad-e Gharb (Islamabad) in Western Iran, possibly ancient Palum.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Chughā Pahn East

A mound where a cuneiform inscription has been found.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Chughā Pahn West

A mound where a cuneiform inscription has been found.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Chughā Sabz

A mound where a cuneiform inscription has been found.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Church at Shams el-Din

The church, well visible in Google Earth, is in the SW sector of the archaeological area
Creators: Bruno Bazzani; Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Contrada Diana

A prehistoric settlement and Greco-Roman era necropolis underlying the modern city of Lipari, with burials dating from the bronze age through the Roman period.
Creators: Tom Elliott
Contributors:

Dah-i Nū

Mound of Elamite city.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Değirmenköy

A findspot of an Urartian inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Dibba

Iron age tomb where cuneiform inscription was found.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Donatım

A hill where a basalt stone inscription was found.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Dugirdkhan

Mound where cuneiform inscription has been found, periodically inundated.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Elar

Site for rock inscription (now fragmented and removed) by the road from Yerevan to Lake Sevan.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Erzen

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Eskiharran

The findspot of a stele from the reign of Nabonidus, the last king of the Neo-Babylonian Empire.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Eskiyapar

Hittite city with fortification.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Gelati Monastery

The Monastery of Gelati was founded in 1106 in western Georgia. It was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1984.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Gerasa Nymphaeum

A monumental fountain dating to the second century CE at Gerasa (modern Jerash in Jordan).
Creators: Tom Elliott
Contributors:

Grand Lagneux Roman Bath

At Grand Lagneux, a small village in the French commune of Yenne, a rescue excavation in 2020 revealed part of a Roman-era bathing establishment. The excavated site is now buried under a modern home. This find constitutes another possible locality in the commune for attested ancient name "Etanna".
Creators: Tom Elliott
Contributors:

Grotta Paglicci

The Paglicci cave or Grotta Paglicci is located near Rignano Garganico, Apulia, in southern Italy. Discovered in the 1950s, the cave is an important archaeological site documenting life in the Paleolithic period. In addition to artifact finds and zooarchaeological information, the cave provides evidence of the harvesting of wild oats ca. 36,000 BCE. The cave also includes Paleolithic mural art.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Guzana Archive 1

Approximately 85 clay tablets were discovered in the eastern room of a house adjoining the tarrace of the northeastern palace of Guzana. The texts were found in a secondary context, probably as fill, and belonged to Mannu-ki-Aššur, Assyrian governor in Guzana during the first quarter of the 8th century BC. The archive consists of letters to and from the governor, as well as administrative lists concerning persons, animals, and objects.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Poppy Tushingham

Guzana Archive 2

Inside a clay pot, found in a private house east of the citadel gate of Guzana, excavators discovered the private archive of a man with an Aramaic name, Il-manani, dating to the last years of the Assyrian Empire. The archive consists of five Aramaic dockets concerning loans of barley, previously attached to perishable material, and five clay tablets written in Assyrian cuneiform, specifically three loan documents, one purchase document concerning a slave, and one legal settlement.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Poppy Tushingham

Huzirina Archive 1

In Huzirina, about 400 clay tablets were discovered in a secondary position outside a private house with a central courtyard in area F. Likely, this library was previously located in the private house since a similar type of clay tablet was also found in the central courtyard. The library dates from 718 BC to the end of the Assyrian Empire and belonged to a family of šangû-priests: Qurdi-Nergal, his son Mušallim-Baba and others. The library consists of incantations, incantation rituals, medical texts, prayers, hymns and lexical lists, including god-lists.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Poppy Tushingham

Imgur-Enlil Archive 1

The Mamu temple of Imgur-Enlil was located on the northeastern side of the citadel. In Room 8, behind the secondary cella, an archive of 40 clay tablets, belonging to Šumma-ilu and Mamu-iqbi, was discovered. While most texts date to the first half of the 7th century, three texts are older – dating from 734 to 710 BC. The archive consists of debt-notes, leases, one purchase agreement and other legal documents.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Poppy Tushingham

Ishān Dulaiyhim

Mound, sometimes associated with the ancient city Tummal, which is located in the modern Afak subdistrict of Iraq's Al-Qādisiyyah governorate.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Ishkaft Salmān

Location for Elamite rock-cut reliefs.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Issyk kurgan field

Saka burial ground in modern Issyk, Kazakhstan, containing over 40 kurgans dated from the 4th-3rd centuries BCE. The primary kurgan contained the burial of a richly-dressed individual now known as the "Golden Man."
Creators: Gabriel Mckee
Contributors:

Jamjamāl

Mound on which surface cuneiform inscription has been found.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Kalmākarrah Cave

Find place for a collection of gold and silver objects from the 1st Millenium BCE.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

La Salata necropolis

An early Christian necropolis with tombs dating to the fourth through sixth centuries CE in the Italian comune of Vieste.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Ma’allanate Archive 1

An archive, sold on the antiquities market, can be located at Ma’allanate. The site has not been precisely identified, but two suggestions have been made regarding its location. The first situates it in the upper Balikh valley, northern Syria, while the other places it further east, on the Habur river between Tell Halaf/Guzana and Al-Hasakah. Recent opinion favours the first location. 49 cuneiform tablets have been attributed to Ma’allanate. These are mostly written in Assyrian, but three use Babylonian script and dialect. In addition to these texts, 24 documents are written in Aramaic. The archive belonged to Ḫandi, who had the title “steward of the palace“ was active from 700 to 665 BC, his son Ḫarranayu, who was active from 661 to 644 BC, and Ser-nuri, active from 652 to 622 BC. The relationship between Ser-nuri and the father and son is unclear. The archive contains loan documents of silver and barley, payments of loans, purchase documents of slaves and land, and other documents.
Creators: Poppy Tushingham; Thomas Seidler
Contributors:

Monastero di San Benedetto Sacro Speco

The Shrine of the Sacred Cave of St. Benedict (Sacro Speco di San Benedetto) at Subiaco is a significant monastic shrine connected to the Roman Catholic saint Benedict. At the site is found a fresco-adorned cave linked to the saint dating to the eighth century.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Monte Luna Necropoleis

Two adjacent funerary landscapes located south of modern Senorbì on the island of Sardinia, with burials ranging from the 6th century BCE to the 6th century CE.
Creators: Tom Elliott
Contributors:

Palatial complex at Pteria

Enclosed area at the Iron Age city of Pteria (modern Kerkenes Dağ) containing an audience hall and other elite structures. The complex is in an area of the city that was destroyed by fire, most likely in the mid-5th century BCE.
Creators: Gabriel Mckee
Contributors:

Paleokastro, Nisyros

The classical and Hellenistic period acropolis of the island of Nisyros dates from the sixth to the fourth century BCE.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Pelathousa Slag Heap

A copper-smelting slag heap located in the village of Pelathousa in western Cyprus, dating to the 4th-6th century CE and likely derived from ore mined at the Limni mine, which is approximately 1 kilometer to the northwest.
Creators: Tom Elliott
Contributors:

Pompeii II.3.7 garden entrance

Pompeii II, 3, 7 is a garden entrance linked to II, 3, 8 and II, 3,9. II, 3, 8 is identified as a workshop, either the Officina vasaria or caupona of Nicanor. This complex was positioned across the street from the Palaestra.
Creators: Yuyao Liu
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Ponte Lucano Roman Bridge

A Roman bridge over the modern Aniene river adjacent to the Tomb of the Plautii, which is located north of the Villa of Hadrian at Tivoli.
Creators: Tom Elliott
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Punta de Muros

A coastal fortified settlement dating to the late Bronze and early Iron Ages, known in modern times as Castro de Cociñadoiro and A Punta de Muros. The site was excavated ahead of its complete destruction in the first decade of the 21st century as part of the development of the Porto Exterior da Coruña at Punta Langosteira.
Creators: Tom Elliott
Contributors:

Qasr Libya, West Church

At Qasr Libya, the ancient Theodorias, two churhes have been identified. The Byzantine settlement was refounded under Justinian in 539 CE.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Ruzai

A Roman municipium, listed on the Peutinger map on a route between "Syda" (Bida, modern Djemaa Saharidj, Tunisia) and Saldae (modern Béjaïa, Algeria) whose precise location cannot be determined today.
Creators: Tom Elliott
Contributors:

Santa Maria di Devia

The church of Santa Maria di Devia is a Romanesque church of the eleventh century with Byzantine frescoes dating to the twelfth through fourteenth centuries.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Sant'Annea

At Sant'Annèa are the remains of an extensive Roman villa located near the port of Gargano, about 3 km south of Lake Lesina. The villa probably originates in the late republican period and flourishes in the third and fourth centuries CE.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Sarapieion A

The earliest of the three shrines sacred to Serapis identified by archaeologists working at Delos in the nineteenth century.
Creators: Tom Elliott
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Sarapieion C at Delos

One of three shrines sacred to Serapis identified by archaeologists working at Delos in the nineteenth century.
Creators: Tom Elliott
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Serapieion B at Delos

One of three shrines sacred to Serapis identified by archaeologists working at Delos in the nineteenth century.
Creators: Tom Elliott
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Shop of Acastus

The so-called "Shop of Acastus" was a taberna in Pompeii that stood to at least two stories. It is located in the same block as the public bath complex at VII, 5, 24.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Stancija Blek

The archaeological site of Stancija Blek (Tar-Vabrega, Istria-Croatia) is located on the west coast of Istria. In antiquity, the site would have been located in the territory of Parentium. Archaeological investigation has documented more than 1,500 years of occupation, beginning perhaps with a Roman-period agricultural establishment (villa) that was subsequently followed by Late Antique and Medieval phases that include a so-called tower. Nearby are the remains of the church of Santa Croce.
Creators: Francis Tassaux
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Tall Dāmiyā

Iron Age site in the Central Jordan Valley, sometimes identified with the historical place Adama.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Tapah Daylam

Place where cuneiform inscription has been found.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Tasgoduni

An ancient tribe of Gallia Narbonensis.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Tell Aḥmad al-Ḥattū

Early dynastic necropolis in southern Mesopotamia. The site was inundated by the creation of Lake Hamrin in 1981.
Creators: Zachary Rosalinsky
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Tell Deinit

Settlement in western Syria inhabited from the 3rd Millennium BCE through the Byzantine period.
Creators: Gabriel Mckee
Contributors:

Temple d'Appolon

The ruins of a Roman-period temple dedicated to Apollo located at the Oppidum de Gaujac (Gard, France).
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Temple of Athena (Thasos)

An archaic temple of Athena on the acropolis of Thasos was dismantled in the 5th century BCE. Planning, procurement of materials, and construction of its replacement seem to have begun shortly thereafter, but were never finished.
Creators: Tom Elliott
Contributors:

Theater of Delos

An ancient theater located in the settlement of Delos.
Creators: Tom Elliott
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Til-Barsip Archive 1

In House C1 in the Lower City of Til-Barsip, 22 Assyrian clay tablets, as well as 2 Aramaic texts, were discovered in and around the doorway between Room XI and XII in a secondary position. The earliest text dates to 683 BC, during the reign of Sennacherib (704-681 BC), but most of the documents date later, to the reign of Ashurbanipal (668-ca. 631 BC). The archive belonged to a man called Hanni, with some of the texts also concerning a man named Ištar-duri, and consists of purchase and loan documents as well as some others, such as a juridicial agreement.
Creators: Poppy Tushingham; Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Tomb Garden of Aur(elius) Inachus

An inscription found beside the Via Appia near the tomb of Cecelia Metella in 1851 identifies a cepotaphium, i.e. a tomb in a garden, belonging to an Aur(elius) Inachus.
Creators: Yuyao Liu
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Tomb of Marcus Venerius Secundio at the Porta Sarno (Pompeii)

A tomb dating to the first century CE, excavated in 2021 in the necropolis of Porta Sarno at Pompeii.
Creators: Tom Elliott
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Tymphaioi

An ancient tribe of northwestern Greece that belonged to the Molossian tribal state.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

A'ali Mound Cemetery

A large complex of burial mounds located near the town of A'ali in central Bahrain. The burials date to the early Dilmun era, ca. 2050-1700 BCE.
Creators: Gabriel Mckee
Contributors: Carolin Johansson; Jeffrey Becker; Rune Rattenborg; Tom Elliott
Modifications: created name "‘Ālī"
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Tom Elliott

Acemhöyük

The settlement mound of Acemhöyük is perhaps the location of the ancient Hittite center of Purushanda.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Carolin Johansson; Gabriel Mckee; Rune Rattenborg
Modifications: created location "Acemhöyük"; created name "Acemhöyük"
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Jeffrey Becker

Acisalitae

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 23 unlocated Acisalitae
Creators: David Braund
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; Diane Braund; R. Talbert
Modifications: place type + = people; update references; modified name "Acisalitaea" (Latin name, reference, type = ethnic); created connection "Taurike Chersonesos"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Acropolis of Athens

The acropolis of the ancient city of Athens in Greece.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Tom Elliott
Modifications: add TGN 8712059: Acropolis of Athens (ancient site); add Damme 2023
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ad Basilicam

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 31 unlocated Ad Basilicam
Creators: E.W.B. Fentress
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ad Octavum

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 48 A2 Ad Octavum
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ad Tygrem/Amida

Modern Diyarbakir in Turkey.
Creators: M. Roaf; S.E. Kroll; St J. Simpson; T. Sinclair
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Eric Kansa; Francis Deblauwe; Gabriel Bodard; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; Valeria Vitale; B. Siewert-Mayer; DARMC; H. Kopp; R. Talbert; W. Röllig
Modifications: created connection "al-Jazirah (region)"
Actors: Gabriel McKee; Jeffrey Becker

Adur Gushnasp/[Shiz]

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 90 C4 Adur Gushnasp/[Shiz]
Creators: S.E. Kroll
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: created OSM location of Takht-e Soleymān
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Aguntum

Aguntum was an ancient settlement of Noricum that received municipal status under Claudius.
Creators: H. Bender
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; G. Moosbauer; M. Puhane; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; add Nemmert 2023; modified name "Aguntum" (update Pliny ref.)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Aiginion

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 54 D2 Aiginion
Creators: W.M. Murray
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: add PECS; update references; update references; modified name "Aiginion" (edited, Greek name, reference)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Aiginion

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 50 unlocated Aiginion
Creators: E.N. Borza
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Aigloi/Augaloi

An ancient people whose territory is unlocated
Creators: M.U. Erdosy
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: edited; update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ain-el-Blate

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 32 E3 Ain-el-Blate
Creators: R.B. Hitchner
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Akbou des Ait bou Mahdi

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 30 H3 Akbou des Ait bou Mahdi
Creators: T.W. Potter
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Akraiphiai

An ancient town of Boeotia located on the eastern edge of the former Lake Copais.
Creators: J. Fossey; J. Morin
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; G. Reger; R. Talbert
Modifications: created name "Akraiphinion"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Albanos (river)

The Samur river.
Creators: David Braund
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; Diane Braund; R. Talbert
Modifications: created OSM location of Samur
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Alekseyevskoye

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 84 C4 Alekseyevskoye
Creators: David Braund
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; Diane Braund; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Alexandria

The ancient port city in Egypt's Nile Delta, founded by Alexander the Great in 332/331 BCE.
Creators: A. Bernand
Contributors: Adam Prins; Brady Kiesling; Eric Kansa; Francis Deblauwe; Iris Fernandez; Jeffrey Becker; Roko Rumora; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; B. Siewert-Mayer; DARMC; H. Kopp; Herbert Verreth; Jen Thum; Mark Depauw; R. Talbert; W. Röllig
Modifications: added Coptic Scriptorium reference; modified name "Rakote" (edited, Initial revision)
Actors: Tom Elliott

[al-Madhar]

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 93 D2 [al-Madhar]
Creators: A. Hausleiter; M. Roaf; R. Wenke; St J. Simpson
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; P. Flensted Jensen; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Althiburos

Althiburos was a city of Africa Proconsularis that became a municipium under Hadrian and a colonia during the third century A.D.
Creators: R.B. Hitchner
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

(A)Mardoi

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 90 D4 (A)Mardoi
Creators: S.E. Kroll
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Ryan Horne; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; Richard Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ammonos

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 77 unlocated Ammonos
Creators: M. Drew Bear
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Anisa

Anisa was an ancient settlement of Cappadocia that was inhabited in Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine times.
Creators: T.B. Mitford
Contributors: Eric Kansa; Francis Deblauwe; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Jordy Didier Orellana Figueroa; Stefano Costa; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; B. Siewert-Mayer; DARMC; H. Kopp; R. Talbert; W. Röllig
Modifications: modified name "Karahüyük" (Turkish name is modern, not ancient); modified name "Kültepe" (Turkish name is modern); modified name "Kültepe Karahüyük" (Turkish name is modern.)
Actors: Tom Elliott

[Antibaris]

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 49 B1 [Antibaris]
Creators: J.J. Wilkes
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: cleaned up references; create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; created OSM location of Old Bar Fortress
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Apollonopolis Magna

The city of Apollonopolis Magna was located on the west bank of the Nile, south of Thebes. As the seat of Horus, Greeks regarded it as a site connected with Apollo. It served as the capital of the second nome of Upper Egypt.
Creators: J. Keenan; S.E. Sidebotham; T. Wilfong
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Carolin Johansson; Gabriel Bodard; Gabriel Mckee; Jeffrey Becker; Nate Nagy; Rune Rattenborg; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; Valeria Vitale; DARMC; R. Talbert; jfu
Modifications: create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; Edit typo; created CIGS location of Idfū
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Apollo Phylleios, T.

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 55 unlocated Apollo Phylleios, T.
Creators: J. Fossey; J. Morin
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; G. Reger; R. Talbert
Modifications: Decourt 1990a; modified name "Apollo Phylleios" (edited, change type, add reference, add date)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Ararus (river)

A river of Scythia.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: created connection "Danuvius/Istros/Hister (river)"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Ardashir-Khurra/Gur/[Firuzabad]

Ardashir-Khurra/Gur/[Firuzabad] was an ancient Persian city. Alexander of Macedonia destroyed the original settlement of Gōr, which was later revived by Ardashir I, founder of the Sassanid dynasty.
Creators: A. Hausleiter; M. Roaf; R. Wenke
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; P. Flensted Jensen; R. Talbert
Modifications: added Rashidian 2023
Actors: Tom Elliott

Ardynion

An ancient settlement, attested by literary or documentary sources, whose precise location cannot be determined today
Creators: C. Foss; G. Reger; S. Mitchell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Ryan Horne; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: created connection "Thebes Pedion"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Asterion/Peirasia

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 55 C2 Asterion/Peirasia
Creators: J. Fossey; J. Morin
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; G. Reger; R. Talbert
Modifications: Decourt 1990
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Astiagi/Dysopon

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 37 B1 Astiagi/Dysopon
Creators: D.J. Mattingly
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: cleaned up references; modified name "Astiagi" (cleaned up references, Latin, attested); modified name "Dysopon" (reference, greek, attested); modified name "Stixgi" (Latin, cleaned up ItAnt reference, attested)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Atarneus

An ancient Greek city in Aeolis that lies on the mainland opposite the island of Lesbos, northeast of the town of Dikili in modern-day Turkey.
Creators: C. Foss; G. Reger; S. Mitchell
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; created OSM location of Atarneus
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Avaris/Ramesses

Avaris, located in the Nile delta region of Egypt, served as the capital city of the Hyksos.
Creators: A. Bernand
Contributors: Carolin Johansson; Gabriel Mckee; Jeffrey Becker; Rune Rattenborg; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; jfu
Modifications: added EES DSP; created CIGS location of Tall al-Ḍabʻa
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Tom Elliott

Avennio

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 15 D2 Avennio
Creators: S. Loseby
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: Strabo; update references, add topostext; edited; modified name "Avennio Cavarum" (update reference)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Baiae

A Roman seaside community on the Bay of Naples that included thermal springs.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; created OSM location of Parco Archeologico Terme di Baia
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Bairos

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 50 unlocated Bairos
Creators: E.N. Borza
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: created connection "Mygdonia"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Bararus

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 33 G2 Bararus
Creators: R.B. Hitchner
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: added Euzennat 2020; added Ben Akacha 2023; created name "Henchir Rougga"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Barbalissus

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 68 F2 Barbalissus
Creators: J.P. Brown; P.-L. Gatier
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: created OSM location of Tell Meskene
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Basta

An ancient settlement of Calabria that, according to Pliny the Elder, was located between Hydruntum and the Iapygian Promontory. Modern Vaste, Italy.
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Bavian/Khinnis

Just a few kilometers upstream of the city, the 7th-century B.C. Assyrian king Sennacherib had an architectural complex built and several stele-like panels (with accompanying inscriptions) carved into a nearby cliff face. The site may have served as a summer residence for the Assyrian king and may have been used as a headquarters to supervise the construction of a vast network of canals and aqueducts that was created specifically for providing water to Nineveh and the Assyrian heartland. The "Khinnis Reliefs" were included on the 2014 World Monuments Watch to increase awareness of cultural heritage in the Khinnis/Bavian area.
Creators: M. Roaf; S.E. Kroll; St J. Simpson; T. Sinclair
Contributors: Carolin Johansson; Eric Kansa; Francis Deblauwe; Jeffrey Becker; Jamie Novotny; Rune Rattenborg; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; B. Siewert-Mayer; DARMC; H. Kopp; R. Talbert; W. Röllig
Modifications: created CIGS location of Bāfīān; created name "Bāfīān"
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Tom Elliott

Ben Shemen Forest

Ben Shemen Forest is the largest forest in Central Israel and it contains several archaeological sites, including Bir a Shemi, Tel Gimzo, Tel Hadid, and several Hasmonean-period tombs.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Carolin Johansson; Jeffrey Becker; Rune Rattenborg
Modifications: ctype wikidata +=related
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Bida

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 30 H3 Bida
Creators: T.W. Potter
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: add TM GEO ID 3823: Bida (Djemaa Saharidj); update references; created connection "Ruzai"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Blackwardine

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 8 E2 Blackwardine
Creators: A.S. Esmonde Cleary
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Blad Guitoun

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 30 G3 Blad Guitoun
Creators: T.W. Potter
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Blagoveshchenskoye

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 23 H1 Blagoveshchenskoye
Creators: David Braund
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; Diane Braund; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Blaundos/ Blados

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 56 unlocated Bla(un)dos
Creators: C. Foss; G. Reger; S. Mitchell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: add Strabo; update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Brachaud Roman Villa

An unnamed Gallo-Roman villa at modern Brachaud in France (BAtlas 14 G3 no. 76).
Creators: H.S. Sivan; R.W. Mathisen
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: title; update references; created OSM location of Brachaud Gallo-Roman Villa
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Bubetani

The Bubetani number among the 53 peoples of Latium Vetus that Pliny the Elder records as having perished without leaving a trace (interiere sine vestigiis).
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified name "Bubetani" (update Mayhoff reference)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Bulla Regia

A center for Numidian royalty, Bulla Regia first became an oppidum liberum in the reign of Augustus and then a colony under Hadrian. The site, which boasts significant archaeological remains, lies in modern Tunisia, about 5km north of the modern city of Jendouba. The site was reportedly known in the 19th century as Hammam-Darradji. Today, a small modern settlement named Aïn Babouch abuts the site (not to be confused with Babouch, which lies further north along the border with Algeria).
Creators: R.B. Hitchner
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: added Fenwick 2022; added Nikita 2023
Actors: Tom Elliott

Byblos

Occupied since the Neolithic period, historical Byblos was originally a major Punic center called Gebal.
Creators: J.P. Brown; P.-L. Gatier
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Carolin Johansson; Eric Kansa; Francis Deblauwe; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Jamie Novotny; Rune Rattenborg; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; B. Siewert-Mayer; DARMC; H. Kopp; R. Talbert; R. Warner; W. Röllig
Modifications: created OSM location of آثار جبيل; created CIGS location of Jibaīl; created name "Jibaīl"
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Tom Elliott

Cabum?

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 43 C2 Cabum?
Creators: L. Quilici; S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 5.61.3; add url for RE Cabenses 2
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Caliordi

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 23 unlocated Caliordi
Creators: David Braund
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; Diane Braund; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; modified name "Caliordi" (ethnic name, reference, Latin); created connection "Taurike Chersonesos"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Cambolectri

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 25 G2 Cambolectri
Creators: H.S. Sivan; R.W. Mathisen; S.J. Keay
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Michael Heubel; Ryan Horne; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; Richard Talbert
Modifications: modified name "Cambolectri" (Latin name, Pliny ref.)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Canicella necropolis

An Etruscan necropolis located to the south of the city of Orvieto with tombs ranging in date from the eighth to the third centuries B.C.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: Arachne Building 2111839: Kammergrab B in der Cannicella Nekropole (Orvieto) Terni (Provinz)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Capitium

Capitium was an ancient settlement in the Monti Nebrodi of Sicily.
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Jonathan Prag; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; Valeria Vitale; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified OSM location of Capizzi (ctype)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Cappadox? (river)

The ancient Cappadox river may be identified with the modern watercourse known as the Delice River (Turkish: Delice Irmağı). This river is a tributary of the Kızılırmak River (the ancient Halys).
Creators: C. Foss
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: created OSM location of Delice Çayı (river course)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Caput Amsagae

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 31 E4 Caput Amsagae
Creators: E.W.B. Fentress
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: edited; update references; modified name "Caput Amsagae" (Latin name, references)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Carthago

The ancient city of Carthage, located in modern Tunis (Tunisia). Carthage engaged the Roman state in a series of wars conventionally referred to as the Punic Wars by scholars.
Creators: R.B. Hitchner
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Ingrid Luo; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Jonathan Prag; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location
Actors: Tom Elliott

Casae Calventi?

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 30 E3 Casae Calventi?
Creators: T.W. Potter
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references; created connection "Icosium"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Castrum Minervae/Athenaion/Limen Aphrodites

An ancient settlement of the Sallentini in Apulia. Legendary history held that this was the spot where Aeneas first landed in Italy, thus the assignation 'Limen Aphrodites' or 'Portus Veneris'.
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: Strabo 6.3.5; create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; add references; update references; created OSM location of Sito Archeologico Capanne; created name "Castra Minervae"; created name "Athenas hieron"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Cataractonium

The remains of a Roman fort and settlement located at Catterick, North Yorkshire.
Creators: A.S. Esmonde Cleary
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Scott Vanderbilt; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: modified location "Boundary of town walls (approx.)" (added Generic 100m Horizontal Accuracy based on reference to plans and approximation in Google Earth)
Actors: Tom Elliott

Causeway connecting Meninx (Gerba) to mainland

A Roman-era bridge or causeway, possibly known as "Pons Zitha". Various subsequent versions are attested, and there may have been antecedents. All are thought to have been roughly coincident with the modern causeway, although archaeological evidence is meager to non-existent.
Creators: D.J. Mattingly
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: title; cleaned up Toutain 1903 reference; added Hodod 2018; updated Locations; added Prévost 2006; summary; created OSM Location of northern modern causeway; created OSM Location of southern modern causeway
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Cemetery at Ain bou Merzoug

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 31 F4 Ain bou Merzoug
Creators: E.W.B. Fentress
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: modified DARMC location 23276 (DARMC A)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ceres et Faustina, T.

The Roman temple dedicated to Ceres and Faustina received patronage from Herodes Atticus. Its remains were eventually repurposed in the construction of the church of Sant'Urbano.
Creators: L. Quilici; S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified name "Ceres et Faustina" (add BAtlas reference)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Chermela

The modern village of al-Karmil in the West Bank is the site of Biblical "Carmel". The site remained active in the Roman, Byzantine, and Ayyubid/Crusader periods.
Creators: B. Isaac
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: added Wikidata; cleaned up references; updated Names; summary; wikipedia; Avi-Yonah 1976; created OSM location of Al Karmil; created name "al-Karmil"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Choba

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 31 C3 Choba
Creators: E.W.B. Fentress
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: add TM GEO ID 20395: Choba (Ziama Mansouria); update references; created connection "Igilgili"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Choga Mami

Choga Mami was a Samarran settlement located in what is now the Diyala province of Southern Iraq. The site originates in the sixth millennium B.C.
Creators: Clifflena Tiah
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott
Modifications: TGN 6001425: Choga Mami (deserted settlement); update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Chogha Mish

The Chalcolithic settlement site of Chogha Mish, also known as Tappeh-ye Choghā Mīsh, dates originally to the early seventh millennium BCE and is located on the Susiana Plain of western Iran. The site was occupied continuously from the Neolithic period to the Proto-Literate period. It was eventually eclipsed by nearby Susa.
Creators: A. Hausleiter; M. Roaf; R. Wenke; St J. Simpson
Contributors: Carolin Johansson; Jeffrey Becker; Rune Rattenborg; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; P. Flensted Jensen; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; created OSM location of تپه باستانی چغامیش; created CIGS location of Chughā Mīsh; created name "Chughā Mīsh"; created connection "Dez/Hithite/Hudhud/Koprates? (river)"
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Choziba

A desert monastery, founded in the fifth century CE, which was located where the 19th-century Greek Orthodox monastery of Deir Mar Jirys now stands on the north cliffs above the Wadi Qelt/Kelt in the West Bank, nearly 5km west from the center of modern Jericho.
Creators: B. Isaac
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: added Wikidata; added wikipedia reference; place type (replaced deprecated church/monastery type with monastery); cleaned up references; updated Names; added ECCMHL reference; summary; create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; update; modified OSM location of St. George Monastery (edited); created OSM location of St. George Monastery; created name "Deir Mar Jirys"; created name "Deir Mar Jiryis"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Chronos (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 2 H3 Chronos fl.
Creators: A. Bursche; R. Warner
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; created OSM location of Pregolya River
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Chulcul? (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 32 C2 Chulcul? fl.
Creators: R.B. Hitchner
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Chullu

An ancient city of Numidia located on the Sinus Olcachites.
Creators: E.W.B. Fentress
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references; modified name "Chullu" (update Pliny reference); created connection "Rusicade/Thapsus"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Cirro

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 24 C2 Cirro
Creators: E.W. Haley
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; update references, add vici.org references; created OSM location of Xacemento Romano de Cirro
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Cissi

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 30 G3 Cissi
Creators: T.W. Potter
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: created connection "Rusuccuru"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Civitas Gentis Suburburum/Idicra?

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 31 E4 Civitas Gentis Suburburum/Idicra?
Creators: E.W.B. Fentress
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: EDH G016923: Idicra? – Aziz-ben-Tellis; update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Civitas Namnetum/Kondeouinkon?

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 14 D1 Civitas Namnetum/Kondeouinkon?
Creators: H.S. Sivan; R.W. Mathisen
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified DARMC location 3184 (added PAA for Barrington Atlas data at 1:1 million scale); created OSM location of modern Nantes
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

‘Coccuveda’ (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 9 F5 ‘Coccuveda’ fl.
Creators: A.S. Esmonde Cleary
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references; created OSM location of River Coquet
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Cocynthum (promontory)

A promontory located between Caulonia and the sinus Scylacius.
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: Pliny; update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Col. Arausio

Founded as Colonia Julia Firma Secundanorum Arausio in 35 B.C.
Creators: S. Loseby
Contributors: Benjamin M Crowther; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; jfu
Modifications: TGN 7008803: Orange (inhabited place)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Col. Ruscino

Col. Ruscino was an Iberian oppidum and town of Narbonese Gaul.
Creators: H.S. Sivan; R.W. Mathisen; S.J. Keay
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; created OSM location of Site archéologique de l'oppidum de Ruscino
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Col. Tarraco

An Iberian site in contact with Greek and Phoenician merchants that became a major Roman center from the third century BC onward.
Creators: H.S. Sivan; R.W. Mathisen; S.J. Keay
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: added Cau Ontiveros 2023
Actors: Tom Elliott

Coppa Nevigata

Coppa Nevigata is an archaeological site located on the Apulian coast of the Gargano peninsula southwest of Manfredonia.
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Elizabeth Robinson; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: wikidata Q3691795: Coppa Nevigata; add TGN 6001543: Coppa Nevigata (deserted settlement); update references; created name "Coppa Nevigata"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Cymiza/*Balaleisa/‘Balouos’

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 89 E2 Cymiza/*Balaleisa/‘Balouos’
Creators: M. Roaf; S.E. Kroll; St J. Simpson; T. Sinclair
Contributors: Carolin Johansson; Eric Kansa; Francis Deblauwe; Jeffrey Becker; Rune Rattenborg; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; B. Siewert-Mayer; DARMC; H. Kopp; R. Talbert; W. Röllig
Modifications: modified name "Badlīs" (Removed Bronze age time period from Arabic name, Baseline created)
Actors: Jordy Didier Orellana Figueroa; Tom Elliott

Dağönü

Once known as İririn or Érérin and now known as Dağönü, this modern Turkish village located in the Van Province of eastern Turkey at the eastern coast of Lake Van lies ca. 10 km north of Ayanis. Here a stela with an inscription of the Urartian king Minua (9th / 8th century BCE) has been found (CTU I A 5-18).
Creators: Birgit Christiansen
Contributors: Carolin Johansson; Jeffrey Becker; Rune Rattenborg
Modifications: created CIGS location of Ererin
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Tom Elliott

Dam over the Simbruina Stagna

Between Sublaqueum and Villa Neronis
Creators: L. Quilici; S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified DARMC location 33168 (added DARMC C PAA)
Actors: Tom Elliott

Dam over the Simbruina Stagna

East of Sacro Speco
Creators: L. Quilici; S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified DARMC location 33169 (added DARMC C PAA)
Actors: Tom Elliott

Daphnai

Ancient town of Defenneh in the Egyptian Nile Delta, primarily of the Late Period and Ptolemaic Era.
Creators: A. Bernand
Contributors: Carolin Johansson; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Rune Rattenborg; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: addded EES DSP reference; added Wikipedia and Wikidata references; summary; contributors; created CIGS Location of Kūm Dafnah; created name "Kūm Dafnah"; created name "Tell Dafana; Tell Defeneh; Tell Defenneh; Tell Dafna; Tell Defenna; Tell Defenne; Tell Defenneh; Tell ed-Defenna"
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Tom Elliott

Daskyleion

Daskyleion (modern Hisartepe at Ergili in Turkey) was the capital of the Persian satrapy of Phrygia from the sixth century BC until the conquests of Alexander the Great.
Creators: C. Foss
Contributors: Carolin Johansson; Jeffrey Becker; Phoebe Acheson; Rune Rattenborg; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: summary; created CIGS location of Hisartepe; modified name "Ergili" (associated modern); created name "Hisartepe"
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Tom Elliott

Dawali

Dawali is a site in the middle Euphrates region and was part of the kingdom of Suhu. The city was situated on the east bank of the Euphrates, a few kilometres downstream of Anat (Anatho). The modern city of the same name (Ad Dawālī) is on the west bank of the river. The city's ancient name is not known.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Carolin Johansson; Jeffrey Becker; Rune Rattenborg; Tom Elliott
Modifications: created CIGS location of Al-Dawālī; created name "Al-Dawālī"
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Tom Elliott

Dedris?

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 36 C4 Dedris?
Creators: D.J. Mattingly
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified name "Decri Oppidum" (edited)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Deh-i No/Sakavand

Deh-i No/Sakavand is the site of a group of four rock-cut tombs of the fourth-third centuries BCE. It is located about 25 km south of Bīsotūn in Kermānšāhān, Iran.
Creators: A. Hausleiter; E.J. Keall; M. Roaf
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: summary, references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Delos (settlement)

The ancient settlement of Delos, located on the Aegean island of the same name.
Creators: C. Foss; G. Reger
Contributors: Adam Rabinowitz; Danielle Hoyer; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; Danielle Hoyer; R. Talbert
Modifications: added Michel 2022; added Fraisse 2020
Actors: Tom Elliott

Deru/Beth Daraya/[Badra]

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 92 A3 Deru/Beth Daraya/[Badra]
Creators: A. Hausleiter; E.J. Keall; M. Roaf
Contributors: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: created OSM location of تل العقر; created CIGS location of Tall ‘Aqār; created name "Tall ‘Aqār"
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Tom Elliott

Dhahran

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 95 C3 Dhahran
Creators: D.T. Potts
Contributors: Carolin Johansson; Jeffrey Becker; Rune Rattenborg; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: created CIGS location of Al-Ẓahrān; created name "Al-Ẓahrān"
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Tom Elliott

Didymoi (islands)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 66 G3 Didymoi Inss.
Creators: S. Mitchell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Perry Scalfano; Ryan Horne; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Dilbat

Dilbat (modern Tell ed-Duleym), a small city southeast of Babylon on the eastern bank of the Euphrates River, was the cult center of the god Uraš and the goddess Ninegal. The site consists of two mounds of ruins: the larger, eastern mound contains the remains of earlier building phases (going back to the city’s founding in the Early Dynastic Period, ca. 2700 BC), while the smaller, western ruin hill contains the first-millennium-BC and later building occupations (down to the early Islamic Period). Little is known about the cultic topography of this small Babylonian city. Two first-millennium-BC ziggurat lists and a few Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian royal inscriptions record that Dilbat’s main temple was E-ibbi-Anum and its ziggurat was Eguba’anki, both were dedicated to Uraš. The temple of Ninegal (Bēlet-ēkalli) might have been named Esapar. Recent excavations on the eastern mound have unearthed the Kassite-Period remains of E-ibbi-Anum.
Creators: M. Roaf; St J. Simpson
Contributors: Carolin Johansson; Jeffrey Becker; Jamie Novotny; Rune Rattenborg; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: created CIGS location of Tall al-Dilaiym; created OSM location of Tell al-Deylam; created name "Tall al-Dilaiym"
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Tom Elliott

Dohuk

Dohuk is the capital of Dohuk Governorate in Iraqi Kurdistan. The modern city is located around the ancient site; the University of Dohuk campus is situated on top of the ruins of the ancient city (name not known).
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Modifications: created CIS location of Dāhuk; created name "Dāhuk"
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Tom Elliott

Dor(a)

A coastal settlement of Phoenicia, now Tel Dor to the south of Haifa.
Creators: E.M. Meyers; J.P. Brown
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Gabriel Mckee; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Jamie Novotny; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: added Shahack-Gross 2023; created name "Tel Dor"
Actors: Tom Elliott

D(o)ura/Europos

An ancient settlement on the Euphrates river in modern Syria.
Creators: M. Roaf; St J. Simpson
Contributors: Anne Chen; Adam Rabinowitz; Brady Kiesling; Carolin Johansson; Jeffrey Becker; Kali Kocian; Rune Rattenborg; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; Faith Lubeck; Jeffery Mayfield; R. Talbert; Rajas Pradhan
Modifications: created CIGS location of Dūrā Awrubūs; created name "Dūrā Awrubūs"
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Dropikoi

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 94 unlocated Dropikoi
Creators: A. Hausleiter; M. Roaf; R. Wenke
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; P. Flensted Jensen; R. Talbert
Modifications: place type, Hdt. ref.; modified name "Dropikoi" (edited)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Druentia (river)

Called the Durance (French), a tributary of the Rhone.
Creators: S. Loseby
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; created name "Drouentia"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

[Dur-Katlimmu]/Magdalu

[Dur-Katlimmu]/Magdalu (modern Tell Schech Hamad in Syria) is a multi-period human settlement where occupation began in the Late Chalcolithic period and continued/reoccurred into the Roman period. The Assyrian city of Dur-Katlimmu (tenth to seventh centuries BCE) was perhaps founded by Shalmaneser I.
Creators: M. Roaf; St J. Simpson
Contributors: Carolin Johansson; Gabriel Mckee; Jeffrey Becker; Rune Rattenborg; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: created CIGS location of Tall al-Shaiykh Hamad
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Tom Elliott

Ebla

An important Bronze Age city and the capital of the three Eblaite Kingdoms.
Creators: B. Siewert-Mayer; H. Kopp; W. Röllig
Contributors: Carolin Johansson; Eric Kansa; Francis Deblauwe; Gabriel Mckee; Jeffrey Becker; Rune Rattenborg; Sean Gillies
Modifications: created CIGS location of Tall Mardīkh
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Tom Elliott

Edremit

Edremit is a modern settlement and associated administrative region in the Van Province in the southeast of Turkey. In the vicinity, several inscriptions on rock and stone of the Urartian king Minua (9th / 8th century BCE) have been found which report the construction of the 'Canal of Minua'. In Greek and Roman times, Ptolemy gives the name "Artemita" for a settlement that modern scholars believe was located at Edremit.
Creators: M. Roaf; S.E. Kroll; St J. Simpson; T. Sinclair
Contributors: Birgit Christiansen; Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: created CIGS location of Edremit
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Tom Elliott

Ekalte

Ekalte, modern Tall Munbāqa, is a medium-sized Bronze Age settlement on the left bank of the Euphrates in northern Syria, ca. 85 kilometres east of Aleppo. Inhabited as early as 2,000 BCE, Ekalte grew to become a significant urban centre in the Late Bronze Age (ca. 1600-1200 BCE). Excavations by the German Oriental Institute since 1969 have unearthed extensive tracts of the urban landscape. Today, the site is partially submerged beneath the waters of the Lake Assad.
Creators: Rune Rattenborg
Contributors: Carolin Johansson; Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: created name "Tall Munbāqah"
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Tom Elliott

Ekklesiasterion at Akragas

Located in the Upper Agroa, the Ekklesiasterion at Akragas dates to the fourth and third centuries B.C.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: modified OSM location of Ekklesiasterion (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

el-Deir

el-Deir (also known as Deir el-Munīra) is the site of a Roman fort and necropolis in Egypt's Kharga Oasis.
Creators: G. Wagner
Contributors: Gabriel Mckee; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified OSM location of Deir el-Munīra (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment, ctype)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Elleporos (river)

An ancient river, mentioned by Polybius. It is possibly to be identified with the modern Stilaro in Calabria, Italy.
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: summary; cleaned up Polybius reference; created OSM location of Stilaro
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

‘Eltabo’ (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 8 D4 ‘Eltabo’ fl.
Creators: A.S. Esmonde Cleary
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: created OSM location of River Taw (river course)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Emar

An important Bronze Age trading center in northern Syria. The site is known today as Tell Meskene.
Creators: Gabriel Mckee
Contributors: Carolin Johansson; Jeffrey Becker; Müge Durusu; Rune Rattenborg; Tom Elliott
Modifications: edit details; created CIGS location of Tall Maskanah
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Jeffrey Becker

Entremont

Entremont was the site of a Celtic oppidum occupied from ca. 180 BC to 90 BC.
Creators: S. Loseby
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; modified OSM location of Oppidum d'Entremont (title, summary)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Erek Dağ

Erek Dağ is a mountain in the Van Province in eastern Anatolia. It is the second-highest peak of the province of Van, rising to 3200 meters above sea level.
Creators: Birgit Christiansen
Contributors: Carolin Johansson; Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: created CIGS location of Erek Daǧ
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Tom Elliott

Eridu

Eridu was an ancient city of Sumeria and perhaps one of the first true cities. The site is settled from ca. 5300 B.C. onward. Eridu was located approximately 12 km southwest of Ur and was the southernmost of a conglomeration of Sumerian cities that grew up around temple complexes.
Creators: A. Hausleiter; M. Roaf; R. Wenke; St J. Simpson
Contributors: Carolin Johansson; Eric Kansa; Francis Deblauwe; Jeffrey Becker; Rune Rattenborg; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; B. Siewert-Mayer; DARMC; H. Kopp; P. Flensted Jensen; R. Talbert; W. Röllig
Modifications: update reference; modified location "centerpoint of main tell of Eridu" (add reference, update reference); created OSM location of Eridug; created CIGS location of Abū Shahraīn; created name "Abū Shahraīn"; modified connection "Euphrates (river)" (ctype to located on)
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Jeffrey Becker

Erk Kala

Erk Kala, founded in the sixth century B.C., was at the center of Merv.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications: created OSM Location of Erk Kala
Actors: Tom Elliott

Etanna

Etanna was a civitas of the Allobroges in Gallia Narbonensis and is also attested as a Roman road station. It was likely located in the modern French commune of Yenne, but its precise location is uncertain.
Creators: E. Bertrand
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: edited; updated Locations, Names; edited; place type += settlement; summary; created OSM location of commune of Yenne; created OSM Location of modern village of Yenne; created OSM Location of modern village of Etain; created name "Yenne"; created connection "Rhodanus (river)"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Euesperides

Euesperides was the westernmost Greek colony of Cyrenaica. The remains of the site are found on the outskirts of modern Benghazi near the north Libyan coast. Under Ptolemy III Euergetes, the new city of Berenice was built a short distance southwest of Euesperides and the original site was subsequently abandoned.
Creators: D.J. Mattingly
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified name "Euesperides" (update reference)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Euhydrion

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 55 C2 Euhydrion
Creators: J. Fossey; J. Morin
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; G. Reger; R. Talbert
Modifications: Decourt 1990
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Europos

An ancient city that was part of the Mitanni, Hittite, and Neo-Assyrian Empires (Kargamiš in Hittite; commonly Carchemish). The site was occupied as early as the Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods; evidence for Early Bronze Age cist tombs begins ca. 2400 BC. It was a key commercial center during the time of Ebla and Mari. The Mitanni controlled the site from the sixteenth to the fourteenth centuries and was conquered by Šuppiluliuma ca. 1350 B.C. A famous battle, attested in the Bible, was fought at the site in 605 BC between the Babylonian army under Nebuchadnezzar II and that of the Egyptian Pharaoh Necho II.
Creators: P.-L. Gatier; T. Sinclair
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; M. Ballance; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: modified OSM location of Carchemish (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Falesia

A Tyrrhenian coastal port opposite Elba. Modern Piombino.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Stefano Costa; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; cleaned up references; summary; update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Faras Cathedral

Cathedral in Faras founded in 620, rebuilt in the 8th and 10th centuries that was the seat of the Diocese of Faras. The site had well-preserved wall paintings from the 8th-9th centuries. This cathedral was flooded by the creation of Lake Nasser in the 1960s.
Creators: Zachary Rosalinsky
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: modified Approximate imagery location of Faras Cathedral (Generic GeoHack Accuracy Assessment, added reference for data source)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Fontaines Salées

Salt springs continuously exploited from the Neolithic period through the early modern era. Also the site of a Roman bath complex.
Creators: Scott Vanderbilt
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: modified OSM location of Les Fontaines Salées (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Forum Voconii

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 16 B3 Forum Voconii
Creators: R. Häussler; S. Loseby
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: edited; cleanup references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Frentani

An Italic people of eastern Italy occupying a territory between the Apennines and the Adriatic seaboard, the Frentani had a close cultural connection with the Samnites.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Michael Heubel; Ryan Horne; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; Richard Talbert
Modifications: update references; created BAtlas Map Label Location; modified name "Frentani" (update reference); modified name "Phrentanoi" (update reference)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Frontovoe 3 Cemetery

Roman-era cemetery in the Crimea with 332 burial structures containing 500 bodies and 20,000 artifacts. The site was destroyed with the creation of the Taurida Expressway.
Creators: Zachary Rosalinsky
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: modified Approximate imagery location of Frontovoe 3 Cemetery (Google Earth and Partners Imagery 2016 and following)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Gabii

An ancient Latin city located on the line of the Republican Via Praenestina connecting Rome to Praeneste. Gabii is allied to Rome from an early date and flourished during the archaic period, declining by the time of Augustus.
Creators: L. Quilici; S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: created name "Gabies"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Gabrosentum

A Roman fort at present-day Moresby that was a part of the Cumbrian coastal defenses.
Creators: A.S. Esmonde Cleary
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Scott Vanderbilt; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: modified location "Centerpoint of the ancient site" (Generic Pastscape Coordinates)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Galata

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 22 E5 Galata
Creators: A.G. Poulter
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Galata (island)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 48 unlocated Galata Ins.
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update title, place type, references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Gallo-Roman Structure at Moissac

A Gallo-Roman structure including hypocaust and other remains of a bath, located beneath the later Church of Saint Martin in modern Moissac, France. The bath may have belonged to a villa of the fourth-fifth centuries CE.
Creators: Tom Elliott
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: modified OSM Location of the Église Saint-Martin at Moissac (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Gallo-Roman theater at Alba Helviorum

A third and fourth century theater at Alba Helviorum.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: modified OSM location of Théatre Antique (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Gardies

An ancient settlement known in modern times as Gardies in France (BAtlas 15 B2 Gardies)
Creators: S. Loseby
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: added URL for Raynard; created Approximate Imagery location of hilltop
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Gasr Banat

Gasr Banat was the site of a Roman centenarium.
Creators: D.J. Mattingly
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: created OSM location of Qasr Banat
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Gasr Silu

Gasr Silu, Libya, is an ancient site documented by the British School at Rome under John Bryan Ward-Perkins in 1969. Field study was conducted by Sheila Gibson and Margaret Browne. Photographs in the BSR archive document architectural remains at the site that include productive installations and the remains of two Byzantine churches. A Byzantine fort (gasr) was also identified.
Creators: D.J. Mattingly
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: title; place type += fort, church; summary, references; add BSR: Gasr Silu, the gasr, west wall; update references; created Imagery location of Gasr Silu
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Gaujac

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 15 D1 Gaujac
Creators: S. Loseby
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: created OSM location of Oppidum Saint-Vincent
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Gerasa/Antiochia ad Chrysorhoam

Gerasa (modern Jerash in Jordan) became a substantial center under Antiochos IV Epiphanes, at which time it became known as Antioch on the Chrysorhoas. It became part of the territory of Iudaea and in 63 B.C. Pompeius Magnus made it part of the Decapolis. It received the status of a Roman colony in the third century.
Creators: E.M. Meyers; J.P. Brown
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; jfu
Modifications: create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; add TGN ref.; added Uscatescu 2022; summary; created OSM location of Jerash
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Geronisos

A small island lying off the west coast of Cyprus where a sanctuary has been identified.
Creators: D. Rupp
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified OSM location of Yeronisos (island) (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Gholaia

Gholaia (modern Bu Njem in Libya) was the site of a settlement and Roman fort along the Limes Tripolitanus.
Creators: D.J. Mattingly
Contributors: Adam Prins; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; Herbert Verreth; Jen Thum; Mark Depauw; R. Talbert
Modifications: references x 2; German wikipedia; added wikidata; added EncBerb; fixed livius link; cleaned up references; create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; place type; summary; added Walas 2022; modified DARE Location (edited); created OSM Location of Bu Ngem; modified name "Bu Njem" (references, arabic)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Gleyzia d'Augreilh

A Late Roman villa.
Creators: H.S. Sivan; R.W. Mathisen; S.J. Keay
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: wikidata; update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Gorgippia/Sindikos Limen

Gorgippia/Sindikos Limen was a sixth century B.C. colony founded by Pontic Greeks on the site of Sinda.
Creators: David Braund
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; Diane Braund; R. Talbert
Modifications: add SEG 29:708
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Gyaur-Kala, Merv

The fortifications of the ancient city of Gyaur Kala in the Merv Oasis.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: modified OSM location of Gyaur Kala (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Gyroulas

A Late Archaic rural sanctuary of Demeter and Apollo at Gyroulas on Naxos.
Creators: C. Foss; G. Reger
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified Imagery location of the sanctuary (added Google Earth and Partners Imagery 2013); created OSM location of Demeter Temple
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Habitancum

A Roman fort at present-day Risingham.
Creators: A.S. Esmonde Cleary
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Scott Vanderbilt; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: modified location "Centerpoint of the ancient site" (Generic Pastscape Coordinates); created OSM location of Habitancum: Roman Fort
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Hadra (river)

The Arda is a right tributary of the Po River in northern Italy.
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; created OSM location of Arda (river course); modified connection "Padus/Eridanus (river)" (ctype to flows into)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Hadrianic Baths

The largest of the public bath complexes at Aphrodisias dating to the early second century CE.
Creators: Tom Elliott
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Katelin McCullough; Sean Gillies
Modifications: modified location "Hadrianic Baths" (Google Earth and Partners Imagery 2016 and following)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Hadrianoutherai

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 56 F2 Hadrianoutherai
Creators: C. Foss; G. Reger; S. Mitchell
Contributors: Eric Kansa; Francis Deblauwe; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; B. Siewert-Mayer; DARMC; H. Kopp; R. Talbert; W. Röllig
Modifications: modified name "Balıkesir" (Removed Bronze Age time period for Turkish name of a Roman Imperial city, Baseline created); modified name "Balıkesir" (Removed Bronze Age time period for Turkish name of Roman Imperial city, Baseline created)
Actors: Jordy Didier Orellana Figueroa; Tom Elliott

Halieis

An ancient Greek harbor city in the Argolid (across from the modern village of Porto Cheli) that was abandoned toward the end of the fourth century BCE. Excavated remains include fortification walls (as early as the eighth century BCE), a city with an orthogonal street plan, an industrial quarter, and domestic architecture with evidence for agricultural processing. Parts of the city are now under water due to a rise in sea levels.
Creators: G. Reger; J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Phoebe Acheson; Ryan Horne; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: DARMC 24049
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Haltern

A sequence of occupational phases at Haltern, Germany, results from the presence of the Roman military following from the earliest period of Roman occupation in the principate of Augustus.
Creators: C. Haselgrove; J. Kunow
Contributors: Bettina Tremmel; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified OSM location (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment, summary)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Hammamat (station)

One of many fortified stations (hydreuma) of Roman date on a route through the eastern desert of Egypt. The station at el-Hammamt is also marked by a modern well, dug by English engineers in 1830.
Creators: J. Keenan; S.E. Sidebotham; T. Wilfong
Contributors: Adam Prins; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; Herbert Verreth; Jen Thum; Mark Depauw; R. Talbert
Modifications: title; place type = fort, station; added Zitterkopf link; vici.org; added Barron 1902; edited; summary; create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; summary; created OSM location of el-Hammamat
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Harbaqa Dam

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 68 E5 unnamed dam (SW Harbaqa)
Creators: J.P. Brown; P.-L. Gatier
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Stefano Costa; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: modified OSM location of Harbaqa Dam (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Hatti (region)

In Assyrian and Babylonian texts of the first millennium BC, Hatti is a purely geographical term referring to North Syria, the area roughly covered by Syro-Hittite states west of the Euphrates River.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: modified location "Representative centerpoint of Hatti" (Helsinki Atlas PAA added, ctype for ref. Helsinki Atlas 2001 to 'data source')
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Hattusa

The Late Bronze Age capital of the Hittite empire (near modern Boğazkale in Turkey). The site was enrolled as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1986.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Max Gander; Néhémie Strupler; Tom Elliott
Modifications: added Neve 2023
Actors: Tom Elliott

Hellenistic Balaneion, Amathous

A circular public bath building dating to the Hellenistic period in the agora of Amathous.
Creators: David Rothfels; Wenqian Liu
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Thomas Landvatter
Modifications: modified OSM Location of Hellenistic Balaneion, Amathous (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Helorion Pedion

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 47 G5 Helorion Pedion
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified name "Heloria Tempe" (Latin name, reference)
Actors: Tom Elliott

Helorus (river)

Helorus fl. (Tellaro), a river of southeast Sicily.
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; created OSM location of Fiume Tellaro; modified name "Helorus" (Latin name, reference, Baseline created); created name "Heloros"; created name "Tellaro"; created connection "Ionium Mare"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Henchir el-Hadjar

Henchir el-Hadjar is the site of a Late Roman fortlet of Africa Proconsularis.
Creators: D.J. Mattingly
Contributors: Holger R.E. Jürgenliemk; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: created OSM location of Henchir el-Hadjar; modified Imagery location of Henchir el-Hadjar (added Bing Imagery PAA)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Heraklion

Heraklion was the harbor city of ancient Knossos, and was later re-founded by the Arab conquerors.
Creators: G. Reger; J. Bennet
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Carolin Johansson; Elias Kolovos; Jeffrey Becker; Rune Rattenborg; Stefano Costa; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: created OSM location of Ηράκλειο; created CIGS location of Irákleio
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Tom Elliott

Hercynia Silva

An ancient forest located east of the Rhine river in southern Germany. The precise location and extent of the forest remains uncertain, although the Black Forest formed the western part of the Hercynian Forest.
Creators: H. Bender
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; G. Moosbauer; M. Puhane; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified GeoHack location of the modern Black Forest (Generic GeoHack Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Herdade do Montinho

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 26 C4 Herdade do Montinho
Creators: F.H. Stanley; Jr.; R.C. Knapp
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: vici.org 15893: Herdade do Montinho; update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Hermos/Bathys (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 62 D2 Hermos/Bathys fl.
Creators: T. Drew Bear
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: created GeoNames location of Sarısu Çayı; created OSM location of Sarısu; created name "Hermus amnis"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Hiberus (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 88 B3 Hiberus fl.
Creators: David Braund
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; Diane Braund; R. Talbert
Modifications: created OSM location of Paravani river; modified name "Hiberus" (Latin name, Pliny ref.)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Hierasos/Gerasus/Tiarantos? (river)

A river of Dacia and tributary of the Danube. Identified with the modern Siret.
Creators: A.G. Poulter
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; modified connection "Danuvius/Istros/Hister (river)" (Hdt. reference)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Hippolaou Akra

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 23 F2 Hippolaou Akra
Creators: David Braund
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; Diane Braund; R. Talbert
Modifications: create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; update Hdt.; created OSM location of мис Станіслав; modified name "Hippolaou Akra" (Greek name, Hdt. reference, time period)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Hyetousa (island)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 61 D3 Hyetousa Ins.
Creators: C. Foss; G. Reger
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Iatinon/Fixtuinum

Iatinon/Fixtuinum was a city of the the city of the Meldi, a people of Gallia Lugdunensis.
Creators: C. Haselgrove; J. Kunow
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: added Magnan 1988 and Bourgois 2023
Actors: Tom Elliott

Ichnai

An ancient settlement, attested by literary or documentary sources, whose precise location cannot be determined today
Creators: J. Fossey; J. Morin
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; G. Reger; R. Talbert
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Icosium

Icosium (modern Algiers) was a Punic and, later, Roman settlement in coastal north Africa. Legend holds that 20 of Herakles' companions founded the original town.
Creators: T.W. Potter
Contributors: Gabriel Bodard; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; Valeria Vitale; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: created connection "Rusguniae"
Actors: Tom Elliott

Igilgili

Originally a Carthaginian trading post, Igilgili eventually came to be part of Mauretania Caesariensis as a Roman colony.
Creators: E.W.B. Fentress
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: created connection "Paccianis Matidiae?/Tucca?"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Inatos (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 60 D2 Inatos fl.
Creators: G. Reger; J. Bennet
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Interamna Lirenas

A Latin colony founded ca. 312 B.C. along the Via Latina. The site was sacked by Samnites (ca. 294 B.C.) and subsequently by Hannibal (212 B.C.). It received Roman municipal status in 90 B.C.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: added Goddard 2022; cleaned up OCD reference
Actors: Tom Elliott

Interamna Nahars

An Umbrian center founded in the seventh century B.C. that became an important Roman municipality along the Via Flaminia.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: references; created OSM location of modern Terni; modified name "Interamna Nahars" (corrected reference); created name "Terni"; created name "Interamnates Nartes"; created name "Interamna"; created name "Interamnates"; created connection "Nar (river)"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Iomnium

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 30 H3 Iomnium
Creators: T.W. Potter
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references; created connection "Rusazus?"; created connection "Rusippisir"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Isinda (Lycian)

Ruins of the walled acropolis of ancient Isinda in Lycia are variously said by modern scholars to be located either "above" or 2-3km south of the modern Turkish village of Belenli, which is in Antalya province. BAtlas and OpenStreetMap generally agree (within their accuracy and precision limits) with the location further south.
Creators: C. Foss; S. Mitchell
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Jordy Didier Orellana Figueroa; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: added Wikidata; cleaned up references; place type += fortified settlement; added TKP reference; summary; cleaned up references; title; create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; created Barrington Atlas map location; created OSM location of Isinda; created name "Belenli"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Jordy Didier Orellana Figueroa; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; admin

Isinda (Pisidian)

An ancient settlement of Pisidia, located at modern Korkuteli in Turkey's Antalya province. The acropolis hill was heavily damaged by the construction of the modern dam in the 20th century. The majority of the ancient settlement probably lay to the east of the acropolis and is now covered by the neighborhood of Alaaddin (Alaeddin Mahalessi).
Creators: C. Foss; S. Mitchell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Jordy Didier Orellana Figueroa; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: added French 1994; place type; cleaned up references; updated Names; summary; title; place type += archaeological site; created location "Imagery Location: Remains of Isinda "acropolis hill""; created name "Korkuteli"; created name "Alaeddin Mahallesi"; created name "Alaettin Mahalle"; created name "Stenez"; created name "Istanoz"; created name "Kışla"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Jordy Didier Orellana Figueroa; Tom Elliott

Isis (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 87 G3 Isis fl.
Creators: David Braund; T. Sinclair
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; Diane Braund; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; created OSM location of Natanebi
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

*Ištunda

*Ištunda is a city(-state) in Tabal. It is mentioned in eighth-century-BC Assyrian sources, especially in royal inscriptions of Tiglath-pileser III (r. 744-727 BC).
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: created connection "Hatti (region)"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Jamie Novotny

Ithaca

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 54 C5 Ithaca
Creators: W.M. Murray
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ithaca (island)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 54 C5 Ithaca Ins.
Creators: W.M. Murray
Contributors: Arthur De Graauw; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Jazirat Hulayla

Jazīrat al-Ḥulayla refers to an island in the Emirate of Ra's al-Khayma, United Arab Emirates that shows archaeological evidence of multi-period occupation.
Creators: D.T. Potts
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified GeoNames location of Jazīrat Ḩulaylah (Generic GeoNames Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kalydnai/Lagusae Inss.

Kalydnai/Lagusae Inss., a small island group of the northern Aegean Sea.
Creators: C. Foss; G. Reger; S. Mitchell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Perry Scalfano; Ryan Horne; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kaneš

Kaneš or Kanesh (Hittite: Neša) is located adjacent to modern Kültepe, thus at times the site is referred to as Kültepe Kaneš. The site was one of continuous occupation from the Chalcolithic period to the time of the Roman empire, although its cultural zenith was as a major Hittite site that was the site of a large merchant quarter (kârum) of the Old Assyrian kingdom (ca. twentieth to sixteenth centuries BC).
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Eric Kansa; Francis Deblauwe; Tom Elliott; B. Siewert-Mayer; H. Kopp; W. Röllig
Modifications: modified name "Kültepe" (Turkish name is modern., Baseline created)
Actors: Jordy Didier Orellana Figueroa; Tom Elliott

Karakuş Tumulus

A monumental royal tumulus for the elite women of the kingdom of Commagene dating to the first century B.C.
Creators: P.-L. Gatier; T. Sinclair
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; M. Ballance; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: modified OSM location Karakuş Tümülüsü (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Karban-I

Burial site in the Northern Altai region containing remains associated with the Bulan-Koby culture (2nd-5th centuries CE).
Creators: Gabriel Mckee
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: modified Approximate imagery location of Karban-I site (Google Earth and Partners Imagery 2016 and following)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Karmir-blur

Karmir Blur (or "Red Hill") is the ancient Urartian site of Teishebaini, a fortified city of the seventh century BC built by Rusa II.
Creators: David Braund
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; Diane Braund; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified OSM location of Teishebaini (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kār-Tukultī-Ninurta

A place from the TAVO Index
Creators: B. Siewert-Mayer; H. Kopp; W. Röllig
Contributors: Eric Kansa; Francis Deblauwe; Gabriel Mckee; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies
Modifications: modified CENTCOM location of Kar-Tukulti-Ninurta (Google Earth and Partners Imagery 2016 and following)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kastolou Pedion

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 62 A4 Kastolou Pedion
Creators: T. Drew Bear
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: place type = plain; modified name "Kastolou Pedion" (added Greek name, reference to Xenophon)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Kellis

Roman/late antique settlement, with substantial remains of public religious buildings, including a large temple, residential areas, tombs, and three churches.
Creators: G. Wagner
Contributors: Adam Prins; Jeffrey Becker; Nicola Aravecchia; Richard Talbert; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; Herbert Verreth; Jen Thum; Mark Depauw; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified location "Centerpoint of Kellis site" (Google Earth and Partners Imagery 2016 and following)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kerkinitis?

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 23 G3 Kerkinitis?
Creators: David Braund
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; Diane Braund; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified name "Karkinitis" (update Hdt. (Godley: Perseus))
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kerynitis (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 58 C1 Kerynitis fl.
Creators: G. Reger; J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update Paus. (Spiro: Perseus); created OSM Location of modern Vouraikos river; created OSM Location of modern Vouraikos river; modified name "Kerynitis" (add Paus. ref. Greek name)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Khorsabad ziggurat

The eighth-century-BC Assyrian king Sargon II (r. 721–705 BC) had a temple-tower built on the palace terrace of his new capital, Dūr-Šarrukīn (modern Khorsabad). The ziggurat was located at the northern end of the temple sector, which was accessible from Sargon’s palace, through the Courtyard XV.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: modified Representative location of the ziggurat (Google Earth and Partners Imagery 2016 and following)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Khutor Blagoveshchenskiy

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 84 C4 Khutor Blagoveshchenskiy
Creators: David Braund
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; Diane Braund; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kissidai? Pr.

An ancient place, mentioned in the so-called Stadiasmus Maris Magni, that was probably a promontory (cape) and can likely be identified with the modern İblis Burnu (Cape İblis/Cape Angistro on the Turkish coast of the Gulf of Fethiye).
Creators: C. Foss; S. Mitchell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: summary; corrected StadMM citation; update references; created GeoNames location of İblis Burnu ; modified name "Kissidai? Pr." (Initial revision); created name "Kissidai"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Kition

Kition was an ancient city founded on the southern coast of Cyprus in the thirteenth century B.C.
Creators: D. Rupp
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Carolin Johansson; Gabriel Mckee; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Jamie Novotny; Rune Rattenborg; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified CIGS location of Kition (Google Earth and Partners Imagery 2016 and following)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Klimatia

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 54 C2 Klimatia
Creators: W.M. Murray
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: add topostext
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Klimax

Pausanias describes this place as part of his discussion of mountain passes leading into Arcadia. The place called Klimax is described as having steps cut into the bedrock.
Creators: G. Reger; J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: edited; New Pauly; place type, references; created OSM location of Μαρμαρένια Σούδα Δίοδος Πορτίτσας; created OSM location of Πέρασμα Κλίμακος Παυσανία
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Klimax (mountain)

An ancient name for a mountain, attested in primary sources. It is possibly to be identified with the Jabal Isbil in modern Yemen.
Creators: D.T. Potts
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update BAtlas; cleaned up references; place type; summary; title; created OSM location of Jabal Isbil
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Klimax Tyrion

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 69 B3 Klimax Tyrion
Creators: E.M. Meyers; J.P. Brown
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: regularized Josephus referenc; update references; created OSM location of Ra's An Naqura; modified name "Klimax Tyrion" (Greek name, reference)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Kneblinghausen Roman camp

A Roman fortification located about a kilometer south of the modern German village of Kneblinghausen that was excavated at the beginning of the 20th century and is thought to date to the early period of Roman military engagement in the region.
Creators: C. Haselgrove; J. Kunow
Contributors: Bettina Tremmel; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: cleaned up references; create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; place type; summary; created OSM location of Römerlager Kneblinghausen
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Kochaba/Choba

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 69 C4 Kochaba/Choba
Creators: E.M. Meyers; J.P. Brown
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Korakesion

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 65 G4 Korakesion
Creators: C. Foss; S. Mitchell
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Phoebe Acheson; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Korea(i)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 69 B5 Korea(i)
Creators: E.M. Meyers; J.P. Brown
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references, add Avi-Yonah 1976; modified name "Coabis" (Latin name, TP reference)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Krastos

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 47 unlocated Krastos
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Jonathan Prag; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; Valeria Vitale; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; modified name "Krastos" (update references)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kriou Metopon Pr.

Kriou Metopon Pr. ("The Ram's Forehead) is the modern Cape Sarych, the southernmost point of Ukraine.
Creators: David Braund
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; Diane Braund; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified name "Criu Metopon" (update references)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kryptos Limen

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 59 A3 Kryptos Limen
Creators: J.S. Traill
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified Imagery location of Kryptos Limen (Aegina) (ToposText High Confidence)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kydonia

An ancient settlement on Crete inhabited since the Neolithic period, Kydonia has been a major center of Minoan, Greek, and Byzantine civilization.
Creators: G. Reger; J. Bennet
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Elias Kolovos; Jeffrey Becker; Maija Gierhart; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: added Fouriki 2023
Actors: Tom Elliott

Kys/Kanebion/Palaiapolis

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 61 G3 Kys/Kanebion/Palaiapolis
Creators: C. Foss; G. Reger
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified DARMC location 13358 (DARMC A)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Labraunda

Labraunda is an archaeological site located in Caria, just west of Ortaköy, Turkey. The site was sacred to both Carians and Mysians.
Creators: C. Foss; G. Reger
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Gabriel Mckee; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Phoebe Acheson; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified OSM location of archaeological area of Labraunda (edit title, summary)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Lagina

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 61 G3 Lagina
Creators: C. Foss; G. Reger
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; created OSM location of Lagina
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Lake Bafa

Lake Bafa (Bafa Gölü) in Ionia formed as a result of the silting of the Latmian Gulf.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Ryan Horne
Modifications: created OSM location of Bafa Lake
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Lametikos Kolpos

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 46 D4 Lametikos Kolpos
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Le Ciliegeta

The site of Le Ciliegeta, near the source of the river Arno, served as a rich stips votiva. The site was discovered in 1836. The finds included over 600 bronzes, more than 1,000 pieces of aes rude, 2,000 weapons, and other artifacts.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Elizabeth Robinson; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified OSM location of Lago degli Idoli (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Lehun

An ancient site located on the northern plateau of the Wadi Mujib in modern Jordan. Under excavation since the 1970s, the site has so far provided evidence for human activity from the prehistoric period through the Islamic.
Creators: S.T. Parker
Contributors: Eric Kansa; Francis Deblauwe; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; B. Siewert-Mayer; DARMC; H. Kopp; R. Talbert; W. Röllig
Modifications: cleaned up place types (replaced deprecated terms); create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; created vici.org location of Lehun
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Lekton/Lectum

The Lekton promontory (modern Cape Baba or Baba Burnu) is the the westernmost point of Asia Minor.
Creators: C. Foss; G. Reger; S. Mitchell
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Ryan Horne; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; modified GeoNames location of Baba Burnu (edited); modified OSM location of Cape Baba (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Les Arènes

This Roman theater in the modern French commune of Thénac was discovered in the 19th century. Its presence implies an ancient settlement or extra-urban sanctuary.
Creators: H.S. Sivan; R.W. Mathisen
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: summary; create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; update PECS; created OSM location of Ancien théâtre Gallo Romain des Arènes
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Les Vaux de la Celle

An ancient Gallo-Roman sanctuary near modern Genainville (France), with excavated remains of a temple, nymphaeum, and theater: BAtlas 11 B3 Génainville (sic)
Creators: C. Haselgrove; J. Kunow
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: references; created OSM location of Vestiges gallo-romains
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Leukos Limen

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 68 A2 Leukos Limen
Creators: J.P. Brown; P.-L. Gatier
Contributors: Adam Prins; Brady Kiesling; Eric Kansa; Francis Deblauwe; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; B. Siewert-Mayer; DARMC; H. Kopp; Herbert Verreth; Jen Thum; Mark Depauw; R. Talbert; R. Warner; W. Röllig
Modifications: edited; add Stadiasmus mar. mag. (Cuntz 1905); created OSM location of Minet el-Beida; created name "Minet el-Beida"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Library of Celsus

The Library of Celsus is a library and monumental tomb in Ephesus which was constructed ca. 110-120 CE.
Creators: Cheryl Fok; Kaylee Ma
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Thomas Landvatter
Modifications: modified OSM Location for Library of Celsus (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Libyca (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 24 C1 Libyca fl.
Creators: E.W. Haley
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: created OSM location of Río Grande de Xuvia
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Limni

An ancient (and modern) copper mining landscape in the modern Paphos district of western Cyprus.
Creators: D. Rupp
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; added Sdralia 2023; cleaned up references; summary; created OSM Location of modern Limni open mine
Actors: Tom Elliott

London Mithraeum

A temple sacred to Mithras in Londinium that was discovered in 1954. The visible remains of the temple do not sit on the original site, but have been reassembled at Temple Court, Queen Victoria Street, London.
Creators: Scott Vanderbilt
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott
Modifications: modified OSM location of reassembled remains of Temple of Mithras (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Los Villares (Quintana del Marco)

The archaeological site of Los Villares is located northeast of the town of Quintana del Marco, Spain, and lies in the plain of the Orbigo River. The Roman villa at the site dates between the first and the fifth centuries CE.
Creators: E.W. Haley
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified OSM location of Villa romana de Los Villares (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment); created name "Los Villares Roman villa"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Lotophages

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 35 C1 Lotophages
Creators: D.J. Mattingly
Contributors: Michael Heubel; Ryan Horne; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; Richard Talbert
Modifications: cleaned up references
Actors: Tom Elliott

Lugdunum

Lugdunum Batavorum, also referred to as Brittenburg, is the site of Roman ruins near Katwijk aan Zee that emerged in the sixteenth century at the mouth of the Oude Rijn (old river Rhine). The site is connected with the Roman frontier system (limes) of Germania Inferior.
Creators: J.H.F. Bloemers
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: created OSM location of Katwijk aan Zee
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Luni sul Mignone

Luni sul Mignone is a site with archaeological evidence for habitation in the later second millennium BC, continuing into the Italian Iron Age. Excavations conducted by the Swedish Institute in Rome (1960-1963) exposed three phases of settlement activity.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: add TGN 7032913: Luni sul Mignone (deserted settlement); created name "Luni sul Mignone"; created connection "Minio (river)"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Lutetia

Lutetia (modern Paris) was the capital of the Parisii, a tribe of ancient Gaul.
Creators: C. Haselgrove; J. Kunow
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Sören Stark; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: added Bourgois 2023
Actors: Tom Elliott

Magna Graecia

Magna Graecia refers to the coastal areas of Southern Italy on the Tarentine Gulf that were extensively colonized by Greek colonists beginning in the eighth century BC.
Creators: Brian Z. Lund; M. Joann McDaniel; Mary E. Downs; R. Talbert
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott
Modifications: update references; modified name "Megálē Hellás" (update reference)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Maiden Castle, Dorset

One of the largest and most complex Iron Age hillforts in Europe, Maiden Castle, in Dorset, was occupied from the Neolithic period through to the fourth century A.D.
Creators: Iris Fernandez
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Scott Vanderbilt
Modifications: modified OSM location of Maiden Castle (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Maiden Castle Roman Fortlet (Cumbria)

A Roman fortlet located near Brough in eastern Cumbria (England).
Creators: Scott Vanderbilt
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott
Modifications: modified OSM location of Maiden Castle (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Maiden Tower (Baku)

A twelfth-century monument in the Old City, Baku, Azerbaijan.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: UNESCO link added; created OSM location of Maiden Tower
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Maius (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 25 G4 Maius fl.
Creators: H.S. Sivan; R.W. Mathisen; S.J. Keay
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: created OSM location of Riu Gaià
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Makhareg

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 77 E1 Makhareg
Creators: M. Drew Bear
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Makkouniai

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 55 unlocated Makkouniai
Creators: J. Fossey; J. Morin
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; G. Reger; R. Talbert
Modifications: add place type += people, tribe; update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Mallia

Mallia is a site on the northern coast of Crete that was the location of a major Minoan palatial center of the Middle Bronze Age.
Creators: G. Reger; J. Bennet
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified Imagery location of Minoan palace at Malia (Google Earth and Partners Imagery 2013); created OSM location of Malia Palace
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Manbalot

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 77 D2 Manbalot
Creators: M. Drew Bear
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Mantineia/Antigoneia

Mantineia/Antigoneia was an ancient settlement in Greece most noted for being the site of two major battles. The First Battle of Mantineia was the largest land battle of the Peloponnesian War (418 B.C.) and the Second Battle of Mantineia brought an end to Theban hegemony (362 B.C.).
Creators: G. Reger; J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified name "Mantineia" (update Str. (Meineke: Perseus))
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Maraua

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 38 C1 Maraua
Creators: D.J. Mattingly
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update reference; modified Barrington Atlas map location (BAtlas 1:1 million)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Marble quarry near Simitthus

An unnamed marble quarry near Simitthus (modern Chemtou, Tunisia). The marble variety is known as marmor numidicum or giallo antico.
Creators: R.B. Hitchner
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Stefano Costa; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: modified OSM location of Chemtou: Roman deep marble quarrying (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Margus (river)

Now the Great Morava, the ancient Margus is part of a major river system in Serbia.
Creators: J.J. Wilkes
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified name "Brongos" (update reference)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Marina di S. Nicola

Marina di S. Nicola is located close to Alsium.
Creators: L. Quilici; S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Elizabeth Robinson; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified OSM location of Villa di Pompeo (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Marmoutier Abbey

The Marmoutier Abbey located near Tours, Indre-et-Loire, France is also known as the Abbey of Marmoutier or Marmoutiers. Saint Martin of Tours (316-397) founded the abbey in 372 after he became Bishop of Tours in 371.
Creators: H.S. Sivan; R.W. Mathisen
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: title; update summary, references; created OSM location of Ancienne abbatiale de Marmoutier; modified name "Maior Mon." (batlas label, reference); created name "Marmoutier Abbey"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Marruca

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 27 A4 Marruca
Creators: P.O. Spann
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Martyrion

The Roman Tetrakionion at Aphrodisias has been identified as a Martyrion. Its date of construction is uncertain, ranging from as early as the late second century CE to as late as the 5th-6th century CE.
Creators: Tom Elliott
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: summary and details regarding date; cleaned up Boyer 1995 reference; update summary, references; place type, vici.org reference; updated Locations; modified OSM location of Church (substantive, dates (see argument and references in place details)); created OSM location of Church
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Mausoleum of Diocletian

A mausoleum built to entomb Diocletian at his retirement palace that was constructed around 295 CE and is located in modern day Split, Croatia.
Creators: Kiel Papa; Luka Bayon-Fraise
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Thomas Landvatter
Modifications: modified OSM Location for Diocletian's Mausoleum (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Mausoleum of Romulus

Tomb of Valerius Romulus (ca. AD 292/295 – 309), son of Maxentius, along the Via Appia.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Brady Kiesling
Modifications: modified Imagery location of Mausoleum of Romulus (Generic GeoHack Accuracy Assessment); created OSM location of Mausoleum of Romulus
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Mediolanum

An ancient settlement, located in the modern French commune of Châteaumeillant.
Creators: H.S. Sivan; R.W. Mathisen
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: created OSM location of modern commune of Châteaumeillant
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Meduana? (river)

Meduana? fl., a river in France, now the Mayenne river.
Creators: H.S. Sivan; R.W. Mathisen
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Ryan Horne; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references, summary; created OSM location of La Mayenne (river course)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Megara Hyblaia

Megara Hyblaia was an ancient Greek colony in eastern Sicily founded in the eighth century B.C.
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Jonathan Prag; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; Valeria Vitale; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: Mège 2023
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Megradi/Megerthis?

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 35 F2 Megradi/Megerthis?
Creators: D.J. Mattingly
Contributors: Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: cleaned up references
Actors: Tom Elliott

Meninx/Lotophagitis/Girba (island)

Meninx/Lotophagitis/Girba Ins. (modern Djerba) is the largest island of North Africa.
Creators: D.J. Mattingly
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: added Agus 2002; title; added Fentress 2009; changed Ritter 2020 and 2022 to "see also"; add Ritter 2022; modified name "Lotophagitis insula" (attested, latin)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Meninx (settlement)

A harbor settlement (in the vicinity of modern El Kantara) in the southern part of the Tunisian island of Djerba (ancient Meninx/Lotophagitis/Girba).
Creators: D.J. Mattingly
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: added Ritter 2020, Ritter 2022, Fentress 2009, Agus 2002, Wikidata; cleaned up Toutain 1903 reference, including link to BNF scqn; summary; created DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; updated Names; title; created name "Meninx"; created name "El Kantara"; modified name "Meninge" (Initial revision, Baseline created); created connection "Meninx/Lotophagitis/Girba (island)"; created connection "Untitled"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Menneu

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 77 unlocated Menneu
Creators: M. Drew Bear
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: add TM GEO ID 5718: Menneu
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Midea

An ancient site in the Argolid in Greece, it shares a name with the neighboring modern town.
Creators: G. Reger; J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; James Newhard; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: removed Smith (outdated); updated Schallin 2020; created OSM location of Cyclopean wall; created OSM location of Cyclopean wall tract; modified Imagery Location of Midea centerpoint (added Google Earth and GeoEye Imagery 2012)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Milecastle 1 (Stott's Pow)

A milecastle situated on Hadrian's Wall.
Creators: Scott Vanderbilt
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott
Modifications: modified location "Center point of the ancient site" (edited)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Milecastle 39 (Castle Nick)

A milecastle situated on Hadrian's Wall.
Creators: Scott Vanderbilt
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott
Modifications: created OSM location of Castle Nick
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Minio (river)

A river that flows some 62 km from the Monti Sabatini to the Tyrrhenian Sea. The modern Mignone.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: summary; edited; created OSM location of Mignone
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Mochlos (island)

Mochlos is an island in the Gulf of Mirabello, although in antiquity it was likely connected to the Cretan mainland. The island is the site of an ancient Minoan settlement.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: modified Imagery location of Mochlos (Google Earth and Partners Imagery 2013)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Monte Ianice

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 45 D4 Monte Ianice
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Monte Nero

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 D2 Monte Nero
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Montilla

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 26 F4 Montilla
Creators: F.H. Stanley; Jr.; R.C. Knapp
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: Initial revision
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Monumental Mid-Republican Building Complex

This monumental complex of buildings at the city of Gabii was likely constructed in the mid-third century BCE as a public area for feasts, bathing, and ritual activities.
Creators: AJ Adler; Shannon Well-Moran
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott; Thomas Landvatter; Shannon Wells-Moran
Modifications: added Glisoni 2023; modified OSM Location of Monumental Mid-Republican Building Complex (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Mopth(i?)

An ancient settlement and fort known in the 19th and 20th centuries as Henchir el-Ksar. It is located at the eastern foot of the Guellal-ta-Attar where lies the confluence of the Oued Safsaf and the Oued Ghriba (in the modern Algerian municipality of Beni Fouda, Sétif Province). It was on the main ancient route linking Sitifis and Cuicul.
Creators: E.W.B. Fentress
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: see the new name Mopti Mvnicipivm; removed TP reference as it is part of a questionable identification; details; summary; summary; add DARMC location 13797 as related; created Imagery Location of El-Ksar Fortress; modified name "Mopth(i?)" (In the case of this name, BAtlas did not follow its own guidelines for indicating a fragmentary/restored name and instead used typography that the Pleiades import interpreted as association uncertainty. This update corrects the resulting errors, adding/changing the evidence references, attested form, and romanized forms, as well as the language, certainty, and fragmentary flags., Baseline created); created name "El-Ksar"; created name "Mopti Municipium"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Mortuum Mare/Asphaltitis Limne

The modern "Dead Sea", which is bordered by Israel, Jordan, and the West Bank.
Creators: S.T. Parker
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Francis Deblauwe; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: title; title; add bkiesling; update references; created OSM location of Dead Sea; modified name "Asphaltitis L." (Latin name, reference, Time period = R, Baseline created); created name "thalassa nekra"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Motroninskoe Gorodishche

At Motroninskoe Gorodishche in Mielniki (central Ukraine, obl. Cherkassy) an early Iron Age fortified settlement has been identified. The ancient site was a large settlement of the ancient Scythians.
Creators: Gabriel Mckee
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott
Modifications: modified Imagery location of Motroninskoe Gorodishche (Google Earth and Partners Imagery 2016 and following)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Mura di S. Stefano

A second century A.D. Roman villa built atop an earlier villa rustica.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; created OSM location of Villa romana delle Mura di Santo Stefano
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Musawwarat

A Meroitic temple complex in modern Sudan, located 180 km northeast of Khartoum, 20 km north of Naqa and approximately 25 km south-east of the Nile. The complex dates to the early Meroitic period (third century B.C.). In 2011 the site was enrolled as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Creators: N.B. Millet
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified OSM location of Great Enclosure (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Muslubium

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 31 C3 Muslubium
Creators: E.W.B. Fentress
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: created connection "Choba"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Mustiae

An ancient settlement (oppidum) of Magna Graecia listed by Pliny the Elder whose precise location cannot be determined today. It is perhaps to be locatlized on the Cocynthum promontory (modern Punta Stilo in Italy).
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: place type += settlement; description; created connection "Cocynthum (promontory)"; created connection "Magna Graecia"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Naeva

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 26 E4 Naeva
Creators: F.H. Stanley; Jr.; R.C. Knapp
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; María Jesús Redondo; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: modified OSM location of Cantillana (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Nahal Qanah cave

Cave in western Samaria containing archaeological traces from the Pottery Neolithic period (Yarmukian culture), the Chalcolithic Period, and the Early Bronze Age.
Creators: Gabriel Mckee
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: modified Approximate imagery location of Nahal Qanah cave (Google Earth and Partners Imagery 2016 and following)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Naparis? (river)

The Naparis was a river of Scythia and a left-bank tributary of the Danube. It can no longer be identified.
Creators: A.G. Poulter
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: references, summary; update; modified name "Naparis" (update Hdt. (Godley: Perseus)); created connection "Danuvius/Istros/Hister (river)"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Nar (river)

The Nera river, a tributary of the Tiber.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified name "Nar" (update reference)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Nea Kameni

In the present-day caldera, Nea Kameni is the larger of the two volcanogenic islands formed over the last two millennia. It is a geological successor of Cameini, and was likely formed before, or during, the major period of volcanic activity in 1866-1870.
Creators: Stuart Dunn
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott
Modifications: modified OSM Location of Nea Kameni (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Nelurus (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 D1 Nelurus fl.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: add TP ref.; update references; created OSM location of Torrente Arzilla
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Nemetacum

Nemetacum was the principal center of the Atrebates.
Creators: C. Haselgrove; J. Kunow
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: added Bourgois 2023
Actors: Tom Elliott

Nennig

The site of a Roman villa some 40 km upstream on the Moselle from Trier. The site was discovered in 1852 and was excavated between 1866 and 1876.
Creators: C. Haselgrove; J. Kunow
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified OSM location of Villa Nennig (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Nērebtum

Nērebtum is a medium-sized Bronze Age settlement located east of Baghdad on the left bank of the Diyala river. Nērebtum was inhabited from the third to the early second millennium BCE. Excavations at the site by the University of Chicago from 1934 to 1936 exposed two extensive temple structures, one dedicated to the moon god Sîn, another to the goddess Ištar-Kititum, along with extensive fortification walls and private houses.
Creators: Rune Rattenborg
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: modified OSM location of Tall Šajālī (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Nestis (river)

An ancient river in the general vicinity of Akragas on the island of Sicily, the Nestis is possibly to be identified with the modern Torrente Iacono.
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: summary; title; created OSM Location of modern Torrente Iacono
Actors: Tom Elliott

Nestor's Palace

A Mycenaean palace complex excavated by the American School of Classical Studies, linked with the Homeric Pylos of Nestor.
Creators: Brady Kiesling
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Maija Gierhart; Tom Elliott
Modifications: add Hogue 2023
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Nicephorium/Callinicum/Leontopolis

Nicephorium (modern ar-Raqqa in Syria) was an ancient settlement on the river Euphrates in Syria.
Creators: J.P. Brown; P.-L. Gatier
Contributors: Eric Kansa; Francis Deblauwe; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; B. Siewert-Mayer; DARMC; H. Kopp; R. Talbert; R. Warner; W. Röllig; jfu
Modifications: created connection "al-Jazirah (region)"
Actors: Gabriel McKee; Jeffrey Becker

Nikaia

An ancient settlement in Illyria, associated with ancient Byllis. The site of Nikaia is located on a hill southeast of the modern Albanian settlement of Klos, some 1.5 kilometers south of Byllis.
Creators: J.J. Wilkes
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jordy Didier Orellana Figueroa; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: added Wikipedia reference; summary; cleaned up references; create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; created OSM Location; created name "Klos"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Jordy Didier Orellana Figueroa; Tom Elliott

Nisyros (island)

A volcanic island in the Aegean Sea that is part of the Dodecanese group of islands.
Creators: C. Foss; G. Reger
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: add TGN, GeoNames references; created OSM Location of modern Nisyros island; modified name "Nisyros" (Time period , Greek name, Greek (ancient), Strabo reference); created name "Nisi Nisyros"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Nisyros (settlement)

The eponymous settlement of the volcanic island of Nisyros in the Aegean Sea.
Creators: C. Foss; G. Reger
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; title (settlement); add GeoNames 11395965: Nisyros, summary; created connection "Nisyros (island)"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

North Agora

The Agora was the main civic square of the town. It was an enclosed space (ca. 202 x 72 m) surrounded by Ionic porticos on all sides. A fragmentary architrave inscription from the double north colonnade records its dedication by C. Julius Zoilos, the leading figure in the town in the 30s and 20s B.C.
Creators: Tom Elliott
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Katelin McCullough; Sean Gillies
Modifications: modified location "North Agora" (Google Earth and Partners Imagery 2016 and following)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Noviodunum

Modern Neung-sur-Beuvron may be the site of the ancient oppidum Noviodunum Biturigum where Vercingetorix was defeated.
Creators: H.S. Sivan; R.W. Mathisen
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: TM GEO ID 62271: Noviodunum Biturigum (Neung-sur-Beuvron); created OSM location of Neung-sur-Beuvron
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Noviomagus

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 11 F4 Noviomagus
Creators: C. Haselgrove; J. Kunow
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; created OSM location of modern commune of Nijon; modified name "Noviomagus" (Latin name, TP Reference)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Noviomagus

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 11 E3 Noviomagus
Creators: C. Haselgrove; J. Kunow
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; created OSM location of modern village of Novion-Porcien; modified name "Noviomagus" (Latin name, TP reference)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

[Nuzi]

Nuzi was an ancient city of Mesopotamia located southwest of Arrapha.
Creators: M. Roaf; St J. Simpson
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: TGN 7032937: Nuzi (ancient site)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ocriculum

An ancient Umbrian city that became allied with Rome in 308 B.C.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: Arachne Topography 8004430: Otricoli / Ocriculum Terni (Provinz)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Odeon

Creators: Tom Elliott
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Katelin McCullough; Sean Gillies
Modifications: modified location "Odeon" (Google Earth and Partners Imagery 2016 and following)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Odeon of Herodes Atticus

A large theater in Athens, built during the Roman period on the south-western slope of the Acropolis around 160 to 174 CE.
Creators: Kyle Nash; Ryan Dooley
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Thomas Landvatter
Modifications: modified OSM Location of Odeon of Herodes Atticus (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Odeon of Lyon

The Odeon is a small theater in modern day Lyon, France built specifically for musical performances around the beginning of the 2nd century CE.
Creators: Clara Leach; Elin Hansen
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Thomas Landvatter
Modifications: modified OSM Location of Odeon of Lyon (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Oescus (river)

The Oescus river (modern Iskar) is a river of Bulgaria and tributary of the Danube.
Creators: A.G. Poulter
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: BAtlDir details; update Hdt. (Godley: Perseus); created OSM location of Iskar (river course)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Ordessos/Odessos

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 23 unlocated O(r)dessos
Creators: David Braund
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; Diane Braund; R. Talbert
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Orgocyni

An people mentioned in ancient sources whose localization cannot be precisely determined today. They are thought to have been located somewhere in Crimea.
Creators: David Braund
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; Diane Braund; R. Talbert
Modifications: place type += people; summary; update references; created name "Orgocini"; created connection "Taurike Chersonesos"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Orientale Mare/Gangeticus Sinus/Eous Oceanus

Ancient Greek and Roman sources refer to the Bay of Bengal, forms the northeastern portion of the Indian Ocean, by these names. It was also sometimes construed as an ocean entirely surrounding Asia.
Creators: M.U. Erdosy
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Perry Scalfano; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: summary; update references; modified name "Eous Oceanus" (Latin name, reference)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Osteodes (islands)

An ancient island or island group, attested by literary or documentary sources, whose precise location cannot be determined today
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references, title, place type; modified name "Osteodes" (Latin name, reference)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Ouibantauarion

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 23 unlocated Ouibantauarion
Creators: David Braund
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; Diane Braund; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; modified name "Ouibantauarion" (reference)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Paccianis Matidiae?/Tucca?

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 31 E3 Paccianis Matidiae?/Tucca?
Creators: E.W.B. Fentress
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: created connection "Chullu"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Pagus Ma(...)rensium

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 32 B3 Pagus Ma(...)rensium
Creators: R.B. Hitchner
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Paitoi

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 51 unlocated Paitoi
Creators: E.N. Borza
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; G. Reger; R. Talbert
Modifications: update Hdt. (Godley: Perseus)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Paktyike?

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 6 C3 Paktyike?
Creators: M.U. Erdosy
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Michael Heubel; Ryan Horne; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; Richard Talbert
Modifications: modified name "Kaspiraioi" (update Hdt. (Godley: Perseus))
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Palakion/Placia

According to Vysotskaya 1994, the unlocated Palakion/Placia is to be placed at the Ust Alma township. BAtlas silently rejected this assertion, keeping the two entities distinct.
Creators: David Braund
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; Diane Braund; R. Talbert
Modifications: place type; summary; modified name "Placia" (Latin name, Pliny reference); created connection "Taurike Chersonesos"; modified connection "Ust'-Al'minskoye" (edited); created connection "Ust'-Al'minskoye"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Palmyra

An ancient oasis and trading city with monumental remains, located in modern Syria. Under Zenobia, Palmyra was the capital of the breakaway Palmyrene Empire, leading to Aurelian's razing of the city. Inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1980.
Creators: J.P. Brown; P.-L. Gatier
Contributors: Adam Prins; Brady Kiesling; David Michelson; Eric Kansa; Francis Deblauwe; Gabriel Bodard; Ingrid Luo; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Thomas Carlson; Tom Elliott; Valeria Vitale; B. Siewert-Mayer; DARMC; H. Kopp; R. Talbert; R. Warner; W. Röllig
Modifications: added Sommer 2020
Actors: Tom Elliott

Paneheou

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 77 F3 Paneheou
Creators: M. Drew Bear
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pantakyas (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 47 G4 Pantakyas fl.
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; created OSM location of Torrente Porcaria; created OSM location of Torrente Porcaria
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Panthialaioi

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 94 unlocated Panthialaioi
Creators: A. Hausleiter; M. Roaf; R. Wenke
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; P. Flensted Jensen; R. Talbert
Modifications: add place type, update references; modified name "Panthialaioi" (ethnic name, add Greek name, Hdt. ref.)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Papremis

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 74 unlocated Papremis
Creators: A. Bernand
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; update references; update Hdt. references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Paralia

A coastal region of Attica.
Creators: J.S. Traill
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pasiakes (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 23 unlocated Pasiakes fl.
Creators: David Braund
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; Diane Braund; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Passo Lombardo

A villa rustica in Rome's suburbium with evidence for domestic production in the form of vats made from peperino tuff.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: modified OSM location of Passolombardo Villa Romana (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Patti Marina

A third century A.D. Roman villa near Messina in Sicily that was perhaps the center of an ancient latifundium.
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified OSM location of Patti Roman villa (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Paxoi (islands)

Paxoi Inss., the smallest group of Ionian islands. Paxos and Antipaxos lie 13 km south of Corcyra.
Creators: W.M. Murray
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Michael Heubel; Ryan Horne; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; Richard Talbert
Modifications: summary, references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Peel Gap Tower

A tower situated on Hadrian's Wall.
Creators: Scott Vanderbilt
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott
Modifications: update references, add vici.org; modified location "Boundary of the ancient site" (Generic Pastscape Coordinates); created OSM location of Peel Gap Tower
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Pelousiakon Stoma

The easternmost ancient mouth of the Nile River, fed via the now-defunct "Pelusiakos potamos" branch of the river and emptying into the "Pelousiakos Kolpos", a bay on the Mediterranean near the ancient settlement of Pelusium/Pelousion.
Creators: A. Bernand
Contributors: Eric Kansa; Francis Deblauwe; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; B. Siewert-Mayer; H. Kopp; R. Talbert; W. Röllig
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Persian and Hellenistic Administrative Building (PHAB), Tel Kedesh

The Persian and Hellenistic Administrative Building was constructed at Tel Kedesh by the Persians in the mid-4th century BCE and was in use through the middle Hellenistic Period (around 143 BCE).
Creators: AJ Adler; Kiel Papa
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott; Thomas Landvatter
Modifications: modified OSM location of Persian-Hellenistic Administrative Building, Tel Kedesh (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pharmatenos (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 87 D4 Pharmatenos fl.
Creators: David Braund; T. Sinclair
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; Diane Braund; R. Talbert
Modifications: created OSM location of Pazarsuyu
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Pharos of Portus Dubris

The remains of the Roman lighthouse group at Portus Dubris.
Creators: A.S. Esmonde Cleary
Contributors: Gabriel Moss; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: modified OSM location of Roman lighthouse (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pheia (island)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 58 A2 Pheia Ins.
Creators: G. Reger; J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Phoimios (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 31 A4 Phoimios fl.
Creators: E.W.B. Fentress
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: created OSM location of Oued Sahel
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Phyllis

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 51 unlocated Phyllis
Creators: E.N. Borza
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; G. Reger; R. Talbert
Modifications: update Hdt. (Godley: Perseus); modified name "Phyllis" (Greek name, Hdt. reference)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Phyllos

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 55 C2 Phyllos
Creators: J. Fossey; J. Morin
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; G. Reger; R. Talbert
Modifications: Decourt 1990
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Piana di Monte Verna

An ancient Oscan center delimited by a megalithic fortification wall.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications: created OSM location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Piercebridge

A Roman fort, cited: BAtlas 9 F6 Piercebridge
Creators: A.S. Esmonde Cleary
Contributors: Daniel Pett; Jeffrey Becker; Scott Vanderbilt; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: edited; update references; modified DARMC location 19175 (DARMC A); created OSM location of Piercebridge Roman Fort; created name "Bremesio"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Scott Vanderbilt; Tom Elliott

Pike Hill

A signal tower situated on Hadrian's Wall.
Creators: Scott Vanderbilt
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott
Modifications: modified location "Boundary of the ancient site" (Generic Pastscape Coordinates); created OSM location of Pike Hill Signal Tower
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Ponte di Pogi

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 B2 unnamed bridge (over *Umbro fl., W Arretium at Pogi)
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified connection "*Umbro (river)" (change type to crosses)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ponte Ezzu

Ponte Ezzu or Pont'Ezzu is a Roman bridge of the first century A.D. that crosses the Rio Mannu near Ozieri, Sardinia.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker; Maggie Britton; Sterling White
Contributors: Thomas Landvatter
Modifications: modified OSM Location of Pont'Ezzu (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ponte Salario

The Ponte Salario is a Medieval bridge with Roman origins. It is located at the point where the Via Salaria crosses the Anio, about 3 km north of the Colline Gate.
Creators: L. Quilici; S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified Imagery location of the Ponte Salario (Google Earth and Partners Imagery 2013)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ponte Zitha

A Roman road station and eventually, according to the Antonine Itinerary, a municipium. It is presumed to have been located at the southern terminus of the Roman-era causeway that connected the Tunisian mainland to the island of Meninx (modern Gerba) at al-Kantara.
Creators: D.J. Mattingly
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: added ItAnt; title; cleaned up Tissot reference; edited; place type; updated Locations; added Prévost 2006; summary; created OSM Location of modern roundabout at southern terminus of modern causeway; created connection "Untitled"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Pont Flavien

A Roman bridge that carries the Via Julia Augusta across the Touloubre river.
Creators: S. Loseby
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified OSM location of Pont Flavien (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Porolissum

Porolissum was a Roman city in Dacia established in A.D. 106. It became the capital of Dacia Porolissensis in A.D. 124.
Creators: J.J. Wilkes
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified OSM location of Castrum Porolissum (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Prason

A headland located south of Meroë in a region referred to as Barbarica, possibly to be identified with the area opposite the island Mafia (Arabic: Manfiya) or Cape Delgado.
Creators: D.T. Potts
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified OSM location of Cape Delgado (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Prepesinthos (island)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 60 C5 Prepesinthos Ins.
Creators: G. Reger; J. Bennet
Contributors: Arthur De Graauw; Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; modified Imagery location of Nisída Despotikó (Google Earth and Partners Imagery 2013); created OSM location of Despotiko
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Priene/‘Lince’?

Priene/‘Lince’? was an ancient Greek city of Ionia on an escarpment of Mycale Mons.
Creators: C. Foss; G. Reger
Contributors: Adam Rabinowitz; Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Jackson N Miller; Ryan Horne; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; Anastasia Kokiousis; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: added Bernini 2022
Actors: Tom Elliott

Proserpina

A Roman-era reservoir and dam northwest of modern Mérida in Spain, which was tapped to supply Emerita Augusta (modern Mérida) via aqueduct.
Creators: F.H. Stanley; Jr.; R.C. Knapp
Contributors: Gethin Rees; Jeffrey Becker; Jean Luc PIROUX; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; R. Warner; jfu
Modifications: created OSM Location of reservoir (modern extent)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Pseira (island)

Pseira is a small island of the Gulf of Mirabello of the northeastern coast of Crete where the archaeological remains of Bronze Age civilizations have been excavated.
Creators: G. Reger; J. Bennet
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Stefano Costa; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; created OSM location of Psira (island)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Pseudostomos (river)

The Periyar river.
Creators: M.U. Erdosy
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: created OSM location of Periyar (river course)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Psoubai

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 77 D1 Psoubai
Creators: M. Drew Bear
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Puente del Bibey

The Puente del Bibey or ‘Ponte Bibei’ crosses the river Bibei at Mendoya.
Creators: E.W. Haley
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: created OSM location of Ponte Romana de Bibei
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Puzriš-Dagan

An ancient city of Lower Mesopotamia, Puzriš-Dagan was founded in the twenty-first century B.C. by King Shulgi of Ur.
Creators: B. Siewert-Mayer; H. Kopp; W. Röllig
Contributors: Carolin Johansson; Eric Kansa; Francis Deblauwe; Gabriel Mckee; Jeffrey Becker; Rune Rattenborg; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott
Modifications: wikipedia see further, not see also; added Tsouparopoulou 2016; created OSM location of Puzriš-Dagān/Tell Drehem; created CIGS location of Tall Dariyhim; created name "Tall Dariyhim"
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Pylos/Koryphasion

A Classical settlement, probably the Pylos of Thucydides, on the Koryphasion promontory, (modern Akr. Koryphasiou in Messenia) in the Peloponnese.
Creators: G. Reger; J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: TGN 8713177: Pylos (deserted settlement)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pyretos (river)

The Prut river flows from the Carpathian Mountains to the Danube.
Creators: A.G. Poulter
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: edited; update; created OSM location of Prut (river course); modified name "Pyretos" (Hdt. (Godley: Perseus))
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Pythagoreion

An ancient fortified port on Samos.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications: created OSM location of Castle of Pythagorio; modified Imagery location of Pythagoreion (added Google Earth 2013 PAA)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Qalat al-Bahrain

An ancient settlement with evidence from occupation stretching from 2300 BC to the sixteenth century AD that was at one time the capital of the Dilmun civilization. Qal’at al-Bahrain was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2005.
Creators: D.T. Potts
Contributors: Carolin Johansson; Jeffrey Becker; Rune Rattenborg; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: created OSM location of Qal'at al-Bahrain; created CIGS location of Qalʻat al-Baḥraīn
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Ravenna Aqueduct

Supplied Ravenna with water from the Bedesis fl.
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi; R. Peretto
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified location "Source" (BAtlas 1:1 million)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Redicolo

The Tomb of Annia Regilla (vix. A.D. 125-160), the wife of Herodes Atticus. The tomb is also erroneously known as the "Temple of the God Rediculum" and was used in the Middle Ages as a hay barn.
Creators: L. Quilici; S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified Imagery location of the Tomb of Annia Regilla (Google Earth and Partners Imagery 2013); created OSM location of Sepolcro di Annia Regilla
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Refaa

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 38 D1 Refaa
Creators: D.J. Mattingly
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified Barrington Atlas map location (BAtlas 1:1 million)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Roman amphitheater at Burnum

A Roman amphitheater associated with the legionary establishment of Burnum.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications: modified OSM location of Roman amphitheater (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Roman amphitheater at Lucera

An amphitheater dating to the time of Augustus.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: Wikidata Q2844414: Roman amphitheatre of Lucera
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Roman Road in Sutton Park

An urban park in Birmingham, England, containing a stretch of preserved Roman road.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications: modified OSM Location of Icknield Street (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Roman Temple of Évora

The Roman Temple of Évora, also referred to as the Temple of Diana, is a Roman temple of the first century A.D.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: jfu
Modifications: modified OSM location of Roman Temple of Évora (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Roman theater at Cuicul

The Roman theater at Cuicul was built during the reign of Antoninus Pius.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications: modified OSM location of Roman theater (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Roman theater at Ocriculum

The Roman theater at Ocriculum dates to the early imperial period.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: Arachne Building 2103138: Theater Terni (Provinz)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Roman theater of Saguntum

The Roman theater of Saguntum could accommodate approximately 8,000 spectators.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications: modified OSM location of Roman theater (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Roman Theatre of Orange

The Roman Theatre of Orange was built early in the first century A.D.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: add arachne reference; add uwhs tag, reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Rusazus?

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 31 A3 Rusazus?
Creators: E.W.B. Fentress
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references; created connection "Saldae"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Rusguniae

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 30 F3 Rusguniae
Creators: T.W. Potter
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references; modified name "Tamentfoust" (ctype to assoc mod); created connection "Rusubbicari Matidiae"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Rusicade/Thapsus

Rusicade/Thapsus was the port of Cirta and a Roman colonia, located at the mouth of the small river Thapsus.
Creators: E.W.B. Fentress
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references; modified name "Rusicade" (Latin name, Pliny ref., Baseline created); modified connection "Thapsus (river)" (located pm)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Rusippisir

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 30 H3 Rusippisir
Creators: T.W. Potter
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: created connection "Rusazus?"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Rusubbicari Matidiae

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 30 G3 Rusubbicari Matidiae
Creators: T.W. Potter
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: add vici.org, tm geo id; modified name "Rusubbicari Matidiae" (add TP ref.); created connection "Cissi"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Rusuccuru

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 30 G3 Rusuccuru
Creators: T.W. Potter
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references; created connection "Iomnium"; created connection "Tigisi"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Ruteni

A Gallic tribe whose territory corresponds roughly to the modern region of Aveyron.
Creators: H.S. Sivan; R.W. Mathisen
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified name "Ruteni" (Latin name, Pliny ref.)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Safsaf

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 38 C1 Safsaf
Creators: D.J. Mattingly
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; created OSM location of modern hamlet of As Safsaf
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Saint-Saturnin-du-Bois Gallo-Roman villa

Remains of an extensive Gallo-Roman villa located in the modern French commune of Saint-Saturnin-du-Bois (Charente-Maritime department).
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications: modified OSM location of Villa gallo-romaine (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sala

In and around the area where the Islamic-era cemetery of Chellah now lies in modern Rabat, Morocco, a Phoenician and Carthaginian settlement developed. The Roman colony of Sala was eventually established there.
Creators: M. Euzennat
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; David Mimno; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: summary; added wikidata; summary; summary; create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; added Camporeale 2022; modified name "Sala" (attested); modified name "Rabat" (associated modern); created name "Chellah"; created name "er-Ribât"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Salas (river)

A river, attested in ancient sources, that is probably to be associated with the modern Thüringische Saale.
Creators: H. Bender
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; G. Moosbauer; M. Puhane; R. Talbert
Modifications: summary; update references; created OSM location of Saale
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Saldae

Founded by Numidian Berbers, the settlement of Saldae (modern Béjaïa, Algeria) was a minor port during phases of Carthaginian and Roman occupation. The Roman emperor Vespasian established a veteran colony there, at a time when Saldae was part of the province of Mauretania Caesariensis.
Creators: E.W.B. Fentress
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references; modified connection "Mauretania Caesariensis" (edited, Initial revision); created connection "Muslubium"; created connection "Mauretania Sitifensis"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Sallentinum/Iapygia

Cape Leuca, known as Sallentinum and Iapygia in ancient sources, is a headland that forms the extreme southeastern point of Italy and separates the Gulf of Tarentum from the Adriatic Sea.
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; modified name "Akra Iapygia" (update reference); modified name "Cape Leuca" (update references)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Saltus Vescinus/Mefineis? M.

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 E3 Saltus Vescinus/Mefineis? M.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Ryan Horne; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified OSM location of Monte S. Croce (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Samnaga/Samnagenses

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 15 unlocated *Samnaga/Samnagenses
Creators: S. Loseby
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified name "Samnagenses" (add Latin name, Pliny ref., change type to ethnic)
Actors: Tom Elliott

Sanctuary of Aphrodite Paphia

A major sanctuary to Aphrodite on Cyprus; activity is found as early as the 3rd millennium BCE.
Creators: Hayley Curtis; Rose Gatlin
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Thomas Landvatter
Modifications: modified OSM Location of Sanctuary of Aphodite Paphia (summary, Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sanctuary of Apollo

The Sanctuary of Apollo near Amyklai is a stoa-like building that enclosed a colossal statue of Apollo on three sides and was decorated with reliefs. The tomb of Hyacinthus is used as a statue base, combining the two local deities together.
Creators: jfu
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: modified OSM location of Ιερό Αμυκλαίου Απόλλωνος (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sanctuary of Iuno Gabina

The Sanctuary of Iuno Gabina at Gabii.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott
Modifications: removed empty reference; cleaned up references; added Glisoni 2023
Actors: Tom Elliott

San Giovenale

The archaeological remains of an Etruscan settlement were discovered at San Giovenale, close to Blera, Italy, by the Swedish Institute at Rome in the 1950s and 1960s. The ancient name of the site is unknown.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified OSM location of acropolis of San Giovenale (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Santuario di Maria Santissima del Lattani

A Marian sanctuary founded in 1430.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications: modified OSM location of Santuario Della Madonna Dei Lattani (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment, ctype)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sarbakon

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 23 unlocated Sarbakon
Creators: David Braund
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; Diane Braund; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sardoum Mare

The name given by the ancients to the part of the Mediterranean sea adjoining the island of Sardinia on the west and south.
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; created name "Sardonion pelagos"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Sardurihinili

An Urartian fortress constructed in the eighth century BCE and destroyed in the seventh century BCE.
Creators: Gabriel Mckee
Contributors: Carolin Johansson; Jeffrey Becker; Rune Rattenborg; Tom Elliott
Modifications: created CIGS location of Çavuştepe
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Tom Elliott

Sars (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 24 C2 Sars fl.
Creators: E.W. Haley
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; created OSM location of Río Sar
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Satarche

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 23 unlocated Satarche
Creators: David Braund
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; Diane Braund; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Scarborough Castle

The ruins of a medieval castle built ca. A.D. 1135 by William le Gros, Earl of Albemarle. Now an English Heritage site.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott
Contributors: Charlotte Tupman
Modifications: modified OSM location of Scarborough Castle (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

S. Chuís

A Pre-Roman hillfort in the Asturias region, near the northern coast of the Iberian peninsula. The fort was constructed around 1000 BCE and remained in use throughout the Iron Age and shows signs of occupation during the Roman period through the third century CE.
Creators: E.W. Haley
Contributors: Gabriel Mckee; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified OSM location of San Chuis (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Scythae Androphagi/Casiri/Komaroi/Gamerae/Kallatiai

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 6 unlocated Scythae Androphagi/Casiri/Komaroi/Gamerae/Kallatiai
Creators: M.U. Erdosy
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sebasteion

The Sebasteion at Aphrodisias was a temple complex dedicated to Aphrodite and the Iulio-Claudian emperors that was financed by local patrons. It was built between ca. AD 20 and 60. The complex was excavated in 1979-81.
Creators: Tom Elliott
Contributors: Ann Morgan; Jeffrey Becker; Katelin McCullough; Sean Gillies
Modifications: edited; modified location "Sebasteion" (Google Earth and Partners Imagery 2016 and following)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Segedunum

Segedunum was a Roman fort located at modern-day Wallsend, North Tyneside in the northeast of England. The fort was located at the eastern end of Hadrian's Wall.
Creators: A.S. Esmonde Cleary
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Scott Vanderbilt; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: fixed typo in summary; change deprecated type, add summary, update references; modified location "Centerpoint of the ancient site" (Generic Pastscape Coordinates); created OSM location of Segedunum Roman Fort
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Semibratneye Gorodishche

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 84 C3 Semibratneye Gorodishche
Creators: David Braund
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; Diane Braund; R. Talbert
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Senatholthis

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 77 unlocated Senatholthis
Creators: M. Drew Bear
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Senberris

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 77 unlocated Senberris
Creators: M. Drew Bear
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sep. Plautii

The Mausoleum of the Plautii dates to the first century B.C. It is located near Ponte Lucano at Tibur.
Creators: L. Quilici; S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: summary; modified OSM location of Tomba dei Plauzi (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Shams el-Din

The ancient settlement of Shams el-Din in Egypt's Kharga Oasis, which contains a necropolis and 4th century AD church.
Creators: Nate Nagy
Contributors: Bruno Bazzani; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott
Modifications: update references; created OSM location of Ain Shams el-Din; modified connection "Exotero (Oasis)" (located in)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Shaur/Choaspes?/Eulaeus?/Uknu? (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 93 E2 Shaur/Choaspes?/Eulaeus?/Uknu? fl.
Creators: A. Hausleiter; M. Roaf; R. Wenke; St J. Simpson
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; P. Flensted Jensen; R. Talbert
Modifications: update reerences; modified name "Choaspes" (update reference Hdt.); modified name "Eulaeus" (Latin name, reference)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Šibaniba Gate

Most 7th-century B.C. Assyrian inscriptions record that Nineveh had eight south- and east-facing gates: the Šibaniba Gate was the seventh of these. The Neo-Assyrian king Sennacherib constructed it and gave it the Akkadian ceremonial name Dumuq-ašnan-u-lahar-qerebša-kayyān, which means "The Choicest of Grain and Flocks Are Constantly Inside It."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: modified Conjectural location of the Šibaniba Gate (Google Earth and Partners Imagery 2016 and following)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Silana

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 55 unlocated Silana
Creators: J. Fossey; J. Morin
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; G. Reger; R. Talbert
Modifications: edited; update references; modified name "Silana" (Latin name, reference)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Simitthu

A city of Africa Proconsularis, Simitthu is especially noted for its marble quarries.
Creators: R.B. Hitchner
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: added Fenwick 2022; created name "Chimtou"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Sintaphou

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 77 unlocated Sintaphou
Creators: M. Drew Bear
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: TM GEO ID 7187: Sintaphou
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sisara Limne

Sisara Limne (Ichkeul Lake).
Creators: R.B. Hitchner
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: created OSM location of بحيرة إشكل; created name "Garaet el Ichkeul"; created name "Lake Ichkeul"; created name "Lake Ishkel"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Sitifis

An ancient site at modern Sétif in Algeria, originally founded as a colonial settlement for Roman veterans during the reign of the emperor Nerva.
Creators: E.W.B. Fentress
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; created OSM location of الآثار الرومانية
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Skerki Bank

The Skerki Bank is an area of relatively shallow open sea lying between Sicily and Tunisia. The presence of several reefs made the area perilous for ancient mariners and, from 1988 onward, ancient shipwrecks have been investigated in this area.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; modified GeoNames location of Skerki Bank (Generic GeoNames Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

S. Lucido

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 46 D3 S. Lucido
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

So-called Arch of Hadrian (Capua)

The remains of a triple arch in opus latericium marking the pomerium of Capua. It is perhaps originally constructed under the Flavians.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications: modified OSM location of Arch of Hadrian (Generic OSM Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

South Agora

The so-called South Agora was the city's secondary public square. The complex dedicated by a local aristocrat Diogenes to the emperor Tiberius.
Creators: Tom Elliott
Contributors: Gabriel Moss; Jeffrey Becker; Katelin McCullough; Sean Gillies
Modifications: modified location "South Agora" (Google Earth and Partners Imagery 2016 and following)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Spring south of Djebel Zid

Unlabeled feature captured from the Barrington Atlas
Creators: R.B. Hitchner
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: modified DARMC location 33126 (DARMC A)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

S. Scholastica

A convent founded within the area of the Villa Neronis (BAtlas 43 E2 S. Scholastica)
Creators: L. Quilici; S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; created OSM location of Monastero di Santa Scolastica
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Stactari

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 23 unlocated Stactari
Creators: David Braund
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; Diane Braund; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; modified name "Stactari" (Latin name, reference); created connection "Taurike Chersonesos"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Stadium

The stadium at Aphrodisias dates to the later first century A.D. and is thought to be part of a comprehensive program of monumental construction undertaken at the site. The stadium's form is unusual and scholars assign it to a category referred to as στάδιον ἀμφιθέατρον (an "amphitheatral stadium").
Creators: Tom Elliott
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Katelin McCullough; Sean Gillies
Modifications: modified location "Stadium" (Google Earth and Partners Imagery 2016 and following)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Stadium of Antoninus Pius (Puteoli)

A stadium of ancient Puteoli constructed under Antoninus Pius in the second century A.D. that was revealed by excavation in 2008.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications: wikidata Q16608446: Stadium of Antoninus Pius; modified OSM location of Stadium of Antoninus Pius (add OSM PAA)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Step Gate

Most 7th-century B.C. Assyrian inscriptions record that Nineveh had eight south- and east-facing gates: the Step Gate was the sixth of these. The Neo-Assyrian king Sennacherib constructed it and gave it the Akkadian ceremonial name Mušēṣât-šīr-asakki, which means "The One Who Exorcises the 'Flesh' of the Asakku-demon."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: modified Conjectural location of the Step Gate (Google Earth and Partners Imagery 2016 and following)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Stony Stratford

Findspot of the Stony Stratford Hoard, an urn discovered in 1789 containing three fibulae, two headdresses, and approximately 30 decorated silver and gilt bronze plaques, among which were three dedications to Jupiter, Vulcan, and Mars (RIB 215, 216, and 217).
Creators: Scott Vanderbilt
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: update references; update references; modified location "Findspot (approx)" (Generic Pastscape Coordinates)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Stratonicaea/Hadrianopolis

An ancient settlement of Lydia, located near modern Siledik in Turkey.
Creators: C. Foss; G. Reger; S. Mitchell
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references, add topostext; created connection "Idrias"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Succosa

Succosa was located between the Portus Cosanus and the Via Aurelia Antica to the north. It is mentioned in the Itineraries and located on the Tabula Peutingeriana. F.E. Brown suggests that Succosa, derived from "sub-Cosa", emerges in the first century B.C. following the decline of the hill-top colony. It may also be the "Respublica Cosanorum" that is mentioned in Severan inscriptions known from the hill-top town.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: created connection "Cosa"; created connection "Via Aurelia"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Suhu

The kingdom of Suhu was situated on the middle Euphrates and stretched from the northwestern border of Babylonia in the south to Hindanu in the north. During the 9th and 8th centuries B.C., its rulers held authority over the cities Anat (Anatho), Suru, Rahi-ilu, and even Mari. Approximately thirty Akkadian inscriptions of its rulers Šamaš-rēša-uṣur and Ninurta-kudurrī-uṣur were discovered in the region of Haditha in the early 1980s, prior to the construction of the Haditha dam, which flooded the region; many of Suhu's cities are now underwater.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: modified location "Representative centerpoint of Suhu" (add Helsinki Atlas PAA)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sukko

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 84 C4 Sukko
Creators: David Braund
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; Diane Braund; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Syleos Pedion

A plain near Stageira across which Xerxes passed en route to Acanthus.
Creators: E.N. Borza
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; G. Reger; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified name "Syleos Pedion" (edited)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Symbolon Limen

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 23 G4 Symbolon Limen
Creators: David Braund
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; Diane Braund; R. Talbert
Modifications: created name "Symbolum portus"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Tabālu (region)

Tabal is a region in the eastern and southeastern part of the central Anatolian high plateau (roughly the area of Cappadocia) and it is divided into several principalities (including Bīt-Purutaš) and city-states.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: created connection "Hatti (region)"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Jamie Novotny

Tanamey

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 77 unlocated Tanamey
Creators: M. Drew Bear
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

‘Taum’ (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 9 D4 ‘Taum’ fl.
Creators: A.S. Esmonde Cleary
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: created location "OSM of River Tay (river course)"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Tchogha Zanbil

An ancient Elamite complex founded ca. 1250 BC by the king Untash-Napirisha. Tchogha Zanbil was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1979.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Carolin Johansson; Eric Kansa; Francis Deblauwe; Rune Rattenborg; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; B. Siewert-Mayer; H. Kopp; W. Röllig
Modifications: created CIGS location of Chughā Zanbīl; created name "Chughā Zanbīl"
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Tom Elliott

Tel Bet Yerah/Khirbet el-Kerak

An ancient settlement, represented by a massive mound located on the southern coast of the Sea of Galilee, now partly covered by modern structures. Recurrent periods of habitation on the site date from at least the third milennium BCE to Islamic times.
Creators: E.M. Meyers; J.P. Brown
Contributors: Gabriel Mckee; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: title; added wikidata reference; summary; cleaned up references; added Greenberg bibliography; modified DARMC location 14249 (edited, substantive, dates)
Actors: Tom Elliott

Tell Abu Wajnam

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 89 E4 Tell Abu Wajnam
Creators: M. Roaf; S.E. Kroll; St J. Simpson; T. Sinclair
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; created OSM location of Tell Abu Wajnam
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Tellaeos

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 77 unlocated Tellaeos
Creators: M. Drew Bear
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: TM GEO ID 3060: Tellaeos
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Tell 'Ali

A small site on the left bank of the Lower Zab where an archive of ca. twenty-five Middle Assyrian texts was discovered. The town was situated more or less where travellers from Aššur to the cities Nuzi and Arrapha would have crossed the Lower Zab. Tell 'Ali is identified with ancient Atmannu.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Carolin Johansson; Jeffrey Becker; Rune Rattenborg; Carolin Johansson
Modifications: created CIGS location of Tall ‘Ali
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Tom Elliott

Tell Beit Mirsim

An archaeological site in the southern Canaanite heartland, inhabited during the Early Bronze III to Iron Ages (ca. 2700 BCE / 2200 BCE to ca. 1200 BCE / 1150 BCE).
Creators: Gabriel Mckee
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott
Modifications: added Kreimerman 2023
Actors: Tom Elliott

Tell Chuēra/Harbe

Tell Chuēra (also known as Tall Dahr ash Shuwayrah), a settlement in northern Syria inhabited from the fourth to third millennia BCE. A small settlement, called Harbe, was built on the site during the Middle Assyrian period.
Creators: Gabriel Mckee
Contributors: Carolin Johansson; Jeffrey Becker; Rune Rattenborg; Tom Elliott
Modifications: created CIGS location of Tall al-Shuwaiyrah; created name "Tall al-Shuwaiyrah"
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Tom Elliott

Tellegate

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 39 F2 Tellegate
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Tellena

Tellena was a prominent city of ancient Latium that factors in the early history of the city of Rome. Its location is no longer certain.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: added references x 2; add Moltesen 1994 p. 33
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Tel Shiqmona

An ancient settlement located near the coast of the modern city of Haifa, Israel. Archaeological evidence indicates habitation there from the late Bronze Age through the late Byzantine period. Strabo describes the city as a ruin in his time.
Creators: E.M. Meyers; J.P. Brown
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Eric Kansa; Francis Deblauwe; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; B. Siewert-Mayer; DARMC; H. Kopp; R. Talbert; W. Röllig
Modifications: title; added Shalvi 2022; edited; place type += settlement, tell; summary
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Temple of Aphaia on Aegina

An ancient sanctuary on the island of Aegina, dedicated to the autochthonous deity Aphaia.
Creators: J.S. Traill
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified DARMC location 24241 (DARMC A)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Temple of Apollo at Delphi

The Temple of Apollo situated in the center of the oracular sanctuary of that god at Delphi. Visible remains today are a 20th century reconstruction of the temple rebuilt in the fourth century BCE following a destructive landslide (repaired and altered multiple times thereafter). The date and cause of the temple's eventual destruction sometime not earlier than late antiquity remain undetermined.
Creators: Jonathan Mak
Contributors: Adam Rabinowitz; Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Jake Lipscomb; Tom Elliott; Adria Hardy; Jake Lipscomb; Jennifer Garza
Modifications: details (remove certainty from allegation of "Christian arson" as cause of final destruction); added Lamouille 2020; summary
Actors: Tom Elliott

Tertonsamoou

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 77 unlocated Tertonsamoou
Creators: M. Drew Bear
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references, add TM GEO ID 7555: Tertonsamoou
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Teutheas (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 58 B1 Teutheas fl.
Creators: G. Reger; J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; created OSM location of Τυθεύς
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Thamugadi

A Roman colonial town founded in the Aurès Mountains of Algeria by the Emperor Trajan around AD 100. The city's full name was Colonia Marciana Ulpia Traiana Thamugadi. Trajan named the city in commemoration of his mother Marcia, eldest sister Ulpia Marciana, and father Marcus Ulpius Traianus.
Creators: E.W.B. Fentress
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner; jfu
Modifications: added Lamare 2022
Actors: Tom Elliott

Thapsus (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 31 F3 Thapsus fl.
Creators: E.W.B. Fentress
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references; created OSM location of Oued Safsaf
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Thebe

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 56 E2 Thebe
Creators: C. Foss; G. Reger; S. Mitchell
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; modified name "Thebe" (update Hdt. (Godley: Perseus)); created connection "Thebes Pedion"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Thebes Pedion

A fertile plain of Mysia, located south of Mount Placius.
Creators: C. Foss; G. Reger; S. Mitchell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified name "Thebes Pedion" (update Hdt. ref. with link)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Thenai

An ancient settlement, attested by literary or documentary sources, whose precise location cannot be determined today
Creators: G. Reger; J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Thermai

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 61 E4 Thermai
Creators: C. Foss; G. Reger
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: add wikidata Q38283302: Loutra medicinal springs, Mandraki; created connection "Nisyros (island)"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Thetideion

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 55 D2 Thetideion
Creators: J. Fossey; J. Morin
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; G. Reger; R. Talbert
Modifications: update Decourt 1990
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Thnephi

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 77 unlocated Thnephi
Creators: M. Drew Bear
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: TM GEO ID 4529: Thnephi
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Tholos at the Sanctuary of Asklepios, Epidauros

The Tholos, a circular structure in the Sanctuary of Asklepios at Epidaurus, was constructed beginning between 365-360 BCE. The Tholos was designed by Polykleitos the Younger and features Doric architecture as well as a constructed labyrinth beneath the floor of the structure.
Creators: Alex Tagashira-McGillicuddy; Catie Herberg
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott; Thomas Landvatter; Alex Tagashir-McGillicuddy
Modifications: created OSM location of Θόλος Πολυκλείτου
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Thonis

The Egyptian site of Thonis, sometimes referred to as Thonis-Heracleion, was located near the Canopic Mouth of the Nile, approximately 32 km northeast of Alexandria. Its ruins are now submerged.
Creators: A. Bernand
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; jfu
Modifications: added Goddio 2011; added Sforza 2022
Actors: Tom Elliott

Thotis

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 77 unlocated Thotis
Creators: M. Drew Bear
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: add TM GEO ID 4538: Thotis; update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Tigisi

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 30 G3 Tigisi
Creators: T.W. Potter
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references; add TM GEO ID 40295: Tigisi (Tawerga); modified name "Tigisi" (Latin name, TP ref.); created connection "Bida"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Tigisis

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 31 F4 Tigisis
Creators: E.W.B. Fentress
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references; created name "Thigisi"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Tipasa

Tipasa was an ancient Punic trading-post conquered by Rome and turned into a strategic base for the conquest of the kingdoms of Mauritania.
Creators: T.W. Potter
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: created connection "Casae Calventi?"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Tipasa

An ancient settlement and emporion.
Creators: D.J. Mattingly
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; jfu
Modifications: add TP ref.; modified name "Tipasa" (add Latin name, TP ref., Baseline created); modified connection "Meninx/Lotophagitis/Girba (island)" (located on)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Titaresios (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 55 C1 Titaresios fl.
Creators: J. Fossey; J. Morin
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; G. Reger; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Tit(i)us/Katarbates (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 20 C6 Tit(i)us/Katarbates fl.
Creators: M. Šašel Kos; P. Kos
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: corrected BAtlDir detail; update references; created OSM location of Krčić (river course)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Tolosa

Tolosa (modern Toulouse) was a city of Gallia Narbonensis and the metropolis of the Volcae Tectosages.
Creators: H.S. Sivan; R.W. Mathisen; S.J. Keay
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Tour de Gresset

The remains of a Gallo-Roman fanum.
Creators: H.S. Sivan; R.W. Mathisen
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: created OSM location of Tour de Grisset, Fréteval
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Trapezopolis

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 65 A2 Trapezopolis
Creators: C. Foss; S. Mitchell
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; modified name "Trapezopolis" (update reference); modified name "Trapezopolitae" (update references)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Trapezous

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 50 unlocated Trapezous
Creators: E.N. Borza
Contributors: Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: created connection "Bottike"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Triumphal Arch of Orange

A triumphal arch most likely built during the reign of Augustus to honor veterans of the Gallic Wars and Legio II Augusta.
Creators: Benjamin M Crowther
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott
Modifications: added Fellague 2016; promoted references from retracted location; add Gros 1979; update references; add uwhs tag UNESCO 163-002: Roman Theatre and its Surroundings and the "Triumphal Arch" of Orange; update references; created OSM location of Arc de Triomphe; created name "Triumphal Arch of Orange"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Turret 12A (Heddon West)

A turret situated on Hadrian's Wall.
Creators: Scott Vanderbilt
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott
Modifications: vici.org 1334: Turret 12A (Heddon West)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Turret 18A (Wallhouses East)

A turret situated on Hadrian's Wall.
Creators: Scott Vanderbilt
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott
Modifications: vici.org 1351: Turret 18A (Wallhouses East)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Tusca (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 32 C3 Tusca fl.
Creators: R.B. Hitchner
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: created OSM location of Wadi Al Kabir
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Tyana/Col. Aurelia Antoniniana

An ancient city of Cappadocia that was the capital of the Neo-Hittite kingdom in the first millennium B.C.
Creators: S. Mitchell
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Eric Kansa; Francis Deblauwe; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Jamie Novotny; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; B. Siewert-Mayer; DARMC; H. Kopp; R. Talbert; W. Röllig
Modifications: created connection "Tabālu (region)"; created connection "Hatti (region)"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Jamie Novotny

Tymphaia

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 54 unlocated Tymphaia
Creators: W.M. Murray
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: place type +=region
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ujra Zena

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 77 F1 Ujra Zena
Creators: M. Drew Bear
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: add TM GEO ID 52929: Ujra Zena; update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

*Umbro (river)

The Ambra flows from the foot of Monte Luco to the Arno river.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; created OSM location of Ambra; modified connection "Arnus (river)" (change type to flows into)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Unnamed aqueduct supplying Saldae

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 31 C3 unnamed aqueduct (Saldae)
Creators: E.W.B. Fentress
Contributors: Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: modified connection "Saldae" (flows into)
Actors: Tom Elliott

Unnamed Place

An unnamed ancient place
Creators: C. Foss; S. Mitchell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified Barrington Atlas map location (BAtlas 1:1 million)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Unnamed Place

An unnamed ancient place
Creators: C. Foss; S. Mitchell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified Barrington Atlas map location (BAtlas 1:1 million)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Unnamed Roman bridge at Mainz

Romans built a bridge over the Rhine river at Mogontiacum soon after 27 CE, based on dendrochronological evidence. This bridge likely replaced an earlier pontoon bridge. The first-century CE bridge spanned some 400 meters and was supported by 21 piers. The bridge facilitated an important road link and was repaired multiple times in antiquity. It may be the bridge pictured on a medallion issued by Constantius I Chlorus. The modern Theodor Heuss Bridge (Mainz-Wiesbaden) that was rebuilt following the Second World War stands at or near the point in the river once spanned by the Roman bridge.
Creators: C. Haselgrove; J. Kunow
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: add livius.org Mainz, bridge entry; summary, references; correct typo; modified connection "Mogontiacum" (Initial revision); modified connection "Rhenus (river)" (Initial revision)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Unnamed villa in Martizay

An ancient villa located in the modern French village of Martizay.
Creators: H.S. Sivan; R.W. Mathisen
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; created OSM location of modern village of Martizy
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Untitled

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 93 D3 unnamed canal (near Jebel Khayabir)
Creators: A. Hausleiter; M. Roaf; R. Wenke; St J. Simpson
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; P. Flensted Jensen; R. Talbert
Modifications: Hansman 1967
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Untitled

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 77 E1 unnamed road station (between Makhareg and Ujra Zena)
Creators: M. Drew Bear
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Untitled

Hot springs located on Nisyros.
Creators: C. Foss; G. Reger
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: created connection "Nisyros (island)"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Untitled

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 51 D3 unnamed quarry (SW Koinyra)
Creators: E.N. Borza
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; G. Reger; R. Talbert
Modifications: update place type to 'mine'; update Hdt. reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Untitled

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 25 H4 no. 106 (Els Ametllers (Tossa de Mar))
Creators: H.S. Sivan; R.W. Mathisen; S.J. Keay
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Untitled

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 93 E2 unnamed canal (NNW Hurmizd Ardashir)
Creators: A. Hausleiter; M. Roaf; R. Wenke; St J. Simpson
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; P. Flensted Jensen; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ur(i)

A major Sumerian city-state founded during the Ubaid period, ca. 3800 B.C. In archaeological terms, Ur is particularly well known for the lavish tombs of its Royal Cemetery, its massive Ziggurat. The site served as the capital of the Ur III dynasty.
Creators: A. Hausleiter; M. Roaf; R. Wenke; St J. Simpson
Contributors: Eric Kansa; Francis Deblauwe; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; B. Siewert-Mayer; DARMC; H. Kopp; P. Flensted Jensen; R. Talbert; W. Röllig
Modifications: added Al-Hamdani 2022
Actors: Tom Elliott

Ustica (island)

An island in the Tyrrhenian Sea occupied since the middle of the second millennium B.C. when Phoenician traders were present there.
Creators: Brian Z. Lund; M. Joann McDaniel; Mary E. Downs; R. Talbert
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Jonathan Prag; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; Valeria Vitale
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Utash

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 84 C3 Utash
Creators: David Braund
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; Diane Braund; R. Talbert
Modifications: edited; Initial revision
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Valle dei Templi

The "Valle dei Templi" of Agrigento is an archaeological site in Sicily located on a ridge, as opposed to the false suggestion of the conventional name, outside modern Agrigento.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications: added Cavalier 2023; created location "OSM Location: Boundary of Archaeological Park"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Vari

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 59 C3 Vari
Creators: J.S. Traill
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: created connection "Attica"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Vendeuil-Caply

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 11 C3 Vendeuil-Caply
Creators: C. Haselgrove; J. Kunow
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: added Bourgois 2023
Actors: Tom Elliott

Veretum/Baris

Veretum/Baris was a town of Calabria, in the territory of the Sallentines.
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified name "Veretum" (Latin name, TP ref.)
Actors: Tom Elliott

Verneuil-en-Halatte

The Gallo-Roman villa is located at Bufosse in the northern part of the commune Verneuil-en-Halatte département Oise.
Creators: C. Haselgrove; J. Kunow
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: added Bourgois 2023
Actors: Tom Elliott

Villa di Faragola

A Late Roman villa site near Ausculum.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: added references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Villa di Teodorico

A palatial Roman villa and bath complex that has been connected with Theodoric the Great, with twentieth century interpretations labeling it as Theodoric's "hunting lodge". More recent excavations have uncovered evidence for earlier building phases, dating from the first century B.C. through the third century A.D.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: created connection "Galeata"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Vityazevo

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 84 C3 Vityazevo
Creators: David Braund
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; Diane Braund; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Voskresenskiy

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 84 C4 Voskresenskiy
Creators: David Braund
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; Diane Braund; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Wadi Belih

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 78 C3 Wadi Belih
Creators: S.E. Sidebotham
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: fort; cleaned up references; create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; created OSM location of Wadi Belih
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Wesseling Roman Fort

Remains of a Roman camp or fort, located in the modern German town of Wesseling.
Creators: C. Haselgrove; J. Kunow
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; Ella Magdalena Hetzel; R. Talbert
Modifications: create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; created location "vici.org location: Römerlager Wesseling"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Zaba? Ins.

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 5 inset Zaba? Ins.
Creators: M.U. Erdosy
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: add wikipedia reference; modified Imagery location of Little Basses Reef Lighthouse (Generic GeoHack Accuracy Assessment)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Zivistan/Elmalık

Elmalık (formerly Zivistan, Zewestan) is a village in the Van Province in the southeast of Turkey ca. 12 km to the south of Van. Two small Urartian fortresses have been found in the immediate vicinity, which are known as Aşağı Zivistan Kalesi ("Lower Zivistan Castle") and Yukarı Zivistan Kalesi ("Upper Zivistan Castle"). On the basis of several Urartian stone inscriptions of the Urartian king Išpuini (9th century BCE) (CTU I A 2-2 - A 2-4) and one rock inscription of the same king (CTU I A 2-5), both fortresses can be dated to the the reign of the Urartian king Išpuini (9th century BCE).
Creators: Birgit Christiansen
Contributors: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg; Tom Elliott
Modifications: fixed typo in summary; created CIGS location of Elmalık
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Tom Elliott