Pleiades Change Log: 2013-02-01 - 2013-02-31

Adel

Site of a small Romano-British settlement
Creators: Scott Vanderbilt
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Amphitheater of Pompeii

The Amphitheater of Pompeii is the earliest known surviving example of a Roman amphitheater. It was built between 80 and 70 B.C.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:

Amphitheatrum Flavium

The Flavian amphitheater at Rome (the so-called "Colosseum").
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Antro delle Sorti

The "Cave of the Fates" at Praeneste is a sanctuary at the base of the city's terraced sanctuary of Fortuna. It was said to contain wooden oracular tablets.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Apollo Cynneius

Sanctuary of Apollo Cynneius near or in Temnos, destroyed by Prusias II in 155 BCE. Its precise location is unknown today but certainly lies within Barrington Atlas Map 56 grid E4.
Creators: Ryan M. Horne
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Arch of Constantine

The Arch of Constantine at Rome, a triumphal arch dedicated in A.D. 315.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Ryan M. Horne

Arch of Gallienus

The Arch of Gallienus marked the Porta Esquilina, a gate in the Servian Wall of Rome. The via Labicana and via Tiburtina issue from Rome at this point. The arch was erected in A.D. 262.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Brady Kiesling

Arch of Septimius Severus

The Arch of Septimius Severus is situated at the northwest corner of the Forum Romanum. It was dedicated in A.D. 203 and serves to commemorate the Parthian victories of Emperor Septimius Severus and his two sons against the Parthians (194/195 and 197–199).
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors: Brady Kiesling

Arcus Argentariorum

A commemorative arch located in the Velabrum dedicated to the Severan emperors in AD 204 by the local association of money-changers (argentarii) and merchants (negotiantes). It was later incorporated into the church of S. Giorgio al Velabro.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Tom Elliott

Auditorium Maecenatis

An early Imperial building on the Esquiline Hill in Rome, the Auditorium Maecenatis has been connected with Maecenas as it stands in the area of his gardens (horti). While its precise function is unknown, the building may have served as a conservatory.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Brady Kiesling

Barkway

Findspot of the Barkway Hoard, discovered ca. 1743 containing a bronze figure of Mars and a bronze knife or mace handle, and seven silver plates, three of which were inscribed with votive dedications (RIB 218, 219, and 220).
Creators: Scott Vanderbilt
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Basilica at Aspendos

The remains of a Roman Basilica at Aspendos.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Basilica Julia

The Basilica Julia was built on the south side of the Forum Romanum in 46 B.C. on the site of the former Basilica Sempronia.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors: Brady Kiesling

Bent Pyramid

A pyramid built by Pharaoh Sneferu (ca. 2600 BC). Representative point location based on OpenStreetMap.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Black Pyramid

The pyramid of the Middle Kingdom Pharaoh Amenemhat III.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Bouleuterion at Aspendos

The Bouleuterion at Aspendos dates to the early second century.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Bridgeness Distance Slab

Findspot of the Bridgeness distance slab, near the eastern terminus of the Antonine Wall
Creators: Scott Vanderbilt
Contributors:

Caer Gai

The site of a Roman fort in Wales occupied during the late first and early second centuries A.D.
Creators: Scott Vanderbilt
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Capitolium of Brixia

The Capitolium of Brixia was built in A.D. 73.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Cappuck

Site of a Roman fort occupied during the Flavian and Antonine periods. It lies 4 miles east of Jedburgh in the Scottish Borders, along the line of Dere Street.
Creators: Scott Vanderbilt
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Castel Sant'Angelo

The Mausoleum of Hadrian, also known as the Castel Sant'Angelo, is an Imperial tomb on the banks of the Tiber river.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Jonathan Fu

Circus Maximus

An ancient chariot-racing venue at Rome and a major location for public entertainments (ludi), the Circus Maximus is located between the Aventine and Palatine hills.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Brady Kiesling

Columbarium of Pomponius Hylas

A Roman columbarium on the Via Appia close to the Porta Latina. The columbarium was excavated in 1831 by Pietro Campana.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Scott Vanderbilt

Constantinian Columbarium

The so-called Constantinian Columbarium is actually a second century AD tomb on the Via Appia.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Dra' Abu el-Naga'

A necropolis for pharaohs of the Seventeenth Dynasty of ancient Egypt.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Etruscan acropolis at Volaterrae

The multi-phase acropolis of Etruscan Volaterrae has numerous important phases, beginning in the Archaic period. The monumental site continued to develop and grow during the Hellenistic period. It was identified archaeologically only in the nineteenth century. In the twentieth century it was the subject of major investigations under M. Cristofani and, later, M. Bonamici.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:

Euphrasian Basilica

An Early Byzantine Christian basilica located in Poreč, Croatia.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Forum Romanum

The ancient Roman forum.
Creators: Tom Elliott
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Brady Kiesling, Ryan M. Horne

Fournou Korifi

An Early Minoan site in south Crete; findspot of the libation vessel known as the 'Goddess of Myrtos'.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Galatas

A Minoan palatial center on Crete dated ca. 1700-1600 BC that was discovered in the 1990s.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Göreme National Park and the Rock Sites of Cappadocia

A natural erosional landscape within which a number of rupestral sanctuaries are located, dating as early as the fourth century A.D.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Greek theater at Alabanda

The Greek theater at Alabanda dates to the Hellenistic period.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Ianus Quadrifons

A quadrifrons triumphal arch at Rome that is located at a crossroads in the area of the Velabrum and the Forum Boarium. It dates to the early fourth century AD; its construction employed spolia and it likely honored either Constantine I or Constantius II.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Brady Kiesling

Inveravon

Site of a small Roman fort on the Antonine Wall.
Creators: Scott Vanderbilt
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Jebel Barkal

Jebel Barkal is a mountain that, ca. 1450 BC, was considered the limit of the New Kingdom empire of the Egyptian Pharaoh Thutmose III. Numerous archaeological sites connected with Nubia and the Kingdom of Kush surround Jebel Barka, all of which are listed on the UNESCO World Heritage list.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Khufu's ship

The sealed burial pit adjacent to the Great Pyramid contained a remarkably well preserved Old Kingdom ship that has been interpreted as the solar barge of the pharaoh Khufu.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:

Kinneil

The site of a Roman fortlet on the Antonine Wall. The fortlet measures ca. 21.5 x 18.5 m, covering an area of ca. 0.04 ha.
Creators: Scott Vanderbilt
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Large Theater

The so-called "Large Theater" at Pompeii was built in the Greek style during the second century B.C. Its capacity was approximately 5,000 spectators.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:

Largo di Torre Argentina

A square in the Campus Martius of Rome, at the center of which lies an archaeological site that includes the remains of four temples of the Republican period, as well as elements of the first century B.C. theater complex of Cnaeus Pompeius.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Lucera Castle

A castle originally built by Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor in AD 1233.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Luxor Temple

An ancient Egyptian temple initially built ca. 1400 B.C.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Mastabet el-Fara'un

The site of the burial of Shepseskaf, the last known pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:

Mausoleum Augusti

A monumental tomb built in the Campus Martius at Rome by Augustus and dedicated in 28 B.C. The mausoleum served as a family tomb for the Iulio-Claudians.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Tom Elliott

Mausoleum of Romulus

Tomb of Valerius Romulus (ca. AD 292/295 – 309), son of Maxentius, along the Via Appia.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Brady Kiesling

Meteora

Metéora comprises a complex of six Eastern Orthodox monasteries built on natural sandstone pillars of the Thessalian plain. The site was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1988.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Mochlos (island)

Mochlos is an island in the Gulf of Mirabello, although in antiquity it was likely connected to the Cretan mainland. The island is the site of an ancient Minoan settlement.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Nestor's Palace

A Mycenaean palace complex excavated by the American School of Classical Studies, linked with the Homeric Pylos of Nestor.
Creators: Brady Kiesling
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Nevalı Çori

An early Neolithic settlement in the middle Euphrates river valley.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Ryan M. Horne

Nymphaeum of Egeria

A nymphaeum connected with Egeria, the divine advisor of Numa Pompilius. This iteration of Egeria's spring dates to the time of Herodes Atticus in the second century A.D.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Osireion

The Osireion at Abydos is located to the rear of the temple of Seti I. It is an integral part of Seti I's funeral complex and was built to resemble an 18th Dynasty Valley of the Kings tomb.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

"Palaestra"

The so-called "Large Palaestra" is an open square (ca. 140 x 140 m) surrounded by porticoes built in the early first century A.D.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:

Panagia Aggeloktisti

An eleventh century Christian church in Kiti, Cyprus, built atop the remains of a fourth century church.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Pantheon

A temple in the Campus Martius of Rome that was first built by Marcus Agrippa (ca. 27-25 B.C.) and then re-built by the emperor Hadrian (after A.D. 126). In A.D. 609 the structure was consecrated as a Christian church, S. Maria ad Martyres.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Jonathan Fu, Tom Elliott

Poikile Petra

Poikile Petra is the name of a road connecting Seleucia ad Calycadnum and Corycus.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Pons Cestius

A Roman stone bridge on the Tiber river, spanning the river channel from the Tiber Island westward to the Transtiberim (Trastevere). The original bridge dates to the first century BC.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Brady Kiesling

Pons Fabricius

The Pons Fabricius (sometimes referred to as the Ponte dei Quattro Capi) is a first century BC bridge in Rome that spans part of the Tiber from the area of the Circus Flaminius to the Tiber island.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Brady Kiesling

Porta Leoni

A Republican gate of Verona dedicated by P. Valerius, Q. Caecilius, Q. Servilius and P. Cornelius.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Porta Palatina

A surviving turreted gateway of the Roman circuit wall of Augusta Taurinorum.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Pyramid of Amenemhat III

Pyramid and tomb of Pharaoh Amenemhat III of the Twelfth Dynasty.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Pyramid of Djedefre

The Pyramid of Djedefre, a Fourth Dynasty pharaoh, at Abu Rawash.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Pyramid of Khafre

The Pyramid of Khafre is the second-largest of the ancient Egyptian Pyramids at Giza and served as the tomb of the pharaoh Khafre (Chefren), of the Fourth Dynasty of ancient Egypt.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:

Pyramid of Khendjer

The pyramid of the Pharaoh Khendjer (Thirteenth Dynasty) who ruled Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period (ca. 1760 B.C.)
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:

Pyramid of Khentkawes

Khentkawes I was a queen of the 4th dynasty of ancient Egypt. She may have been a daughter of the pharaoh Menkaure, and the wife of both kings Shepseskaf and Userkaf. Her tomb at Giza – LG100 – is located close to Menkaure's pyramid complex.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:

Pyramid of Menkaure

The Pyramid of Menkaure is the smallest of the three main pyramids located on the Giza plateau. It marks the tomb of the fourth dynasty Egyptian Pharaoh Menkaure.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:

Pyramid of Pepi I at Saqqarah

One of the pyramids at Saqqarah in Egypt. Pepi I was a pharaoh of the Sixth Dynasty and reigned from ca. 2332–2287 B.C.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:

Pyramid of Sekhemkhet

The Pyramid of Sekhemkhet, also known as "The Buried Pyramid", is an unfinished step pyramid at Saqqara that was begun ca. 2645 B.C. for Sekhemkhet Djoserty.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:

Pyramid of Userkaf

A Fifth Dynasty pyramid at Saqqarah.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:

Queen's pyramid

There are three satellite pyramids, typically referred to as "Queen's pyramids", associated with the pyramid of Menkaure on the Giza plateau.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:

Re-Buried Hellenistic Temple and Workshops

Excavations on site of post office at 49 Ben Ami St. revealed Hellenistic remains, including a dedication to Zeus Soter on behalf of Antiochos VII by a courtier (SEG XIX 9094). This inscription was associated with Hellenistic architecture of a temple-like character. Nearby workshops also uncovered.
Creators: Noah Kaye
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies

Red Pyramid

The third pyramid built by Pharaoh Sneferu.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Roman amphitheater at Luca

The Roman amphitheater at Luca dates to the second half of the first century.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Roman amphitheater at Lucus Feroniae

The Roman amphitheater at Lucus Feroniae was financed by one M. Silius Epaphroditus, who in turn received the title patronus. The structure dates to the reign of Tiberius.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Roman amphitheater of Italica

The amphitheater of Italica, built in the second century A.D., was one of the largest in the Roman world and could accommodate an estimated 25,000 spectators.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:

Roman theater at Brixia

The Roman theater at Brixia was built during the Flavian period.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Roman theater at Ostia

The Roman theater at Ostia was built under the patronage of Marcus Agrippa.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Roman theater at Perge

The Roman theater at Perge was built ca. 120 AD and renovated ca. 250 AD.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Roman theater of Aspendos

The Roman theater at Aspendos dates ca. AD 155 and is perhaps the best preserved example of a Roman theater building.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Sacred Area of S. Omobono

An archaeological area in the Forum Boarium comprising an ancient ritual precinct with twin temples ranging in date from the Archaic period through the time of the Roman Empire. The Medieval church dedicated to S. Omobono stands atop the remains of one of the two ancient temples.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott

San Giacomo di Rialto

A church in Venice, Italy. San Giacomo di Rialto is claimed to be the oldest church in the city, with AD 421 as the traditional date of its consecration. The first documented attestations of the church belong to AD 1152.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

San Salvatore monastery

A monastery founded in A.D. 753 by Desiderius, future king of the Lombards. Located in modern Brescia, Italy.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Santa Sabina

A Christian basilica on the Aventine hill in Rome founded in the fourth century AD. The church takes its name from a Christian martyr who was said to have lived on the Aventine. The church is the oldest extant Roman basilica structure that preserves its original plan in the city of Rome.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Second Temple, Jerusalem

The so-called "Second Temple" in Jerusalem stood on the northern edge of the Dome of the Rock and was destroyed in A.D. 70 during the Roman siege.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies
Contributors:

Sep. Bibuli

The tomb of C. Publicius Bibulus, a plebeian aedile, located at Rome at the foot of the Capitoline hill. It most likely dates to the close of the Republican period.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Shunet ez Zebib

A large mudbrick structure located at Abydos in Upper Egypt that dates to the Second Dynasty (ca. 2700 B.C.) of ancient Egypt.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Stadium of Perge

A well-preserved stadium of the Roman period.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Stony Stratford

Findspot of the Stony Stratford Hoard, an urn discovered in 1789 containing three fibulae, two headdresses, and approximately 30 decorated silver and gilt bronze plaques, among which were three dedications to Jupiter, Vulcan, and Mars (RIB 215, 216, and 217).
Creators: Scott Vanderbilt
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Temple of Artemis at Ephesus

The Temple of Artemis, the central element of the extramural sanctuary of Artemis at Ephesus, was considered one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
Creators: Joel Michael Kent
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Brady Kiesling, Adam Rabinowitz, Jonathan Fu

Temple of Dakka

An ancient temple relocated in the 1960s before the completion of the Aswan dam.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Gabriel Moss, Tom Elliott

Temple of Hercules Victor

A monopteros in the Forum Boarium at Rome built in the late second century BC, perhaps by L. Mummius Achaicus.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Jonathan Fu

Temple of Maharraqa

A temple sacred to Isis and Osiris of Roman date, relocated before the completion of the Aswan dam in the 1960s.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Temple of Minerva Medica

The so-called Temple of Minerva Medica is, in fact, a nymphaeum located along the line of the Anio Vetus aqueduct; it most likely dates to the fourth century AD.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Brady Kiesling

Temple of Portunus

A tetrastyle temple dedicated to the god Portunus and dating to the late second century or early first century BC.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Brady Kiesling

Temple of Ramesses II

The Temple of Ramesses II at Abydos in Egypt.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Temple of Seti I

The Temple of Seti I at Abydos is also known as the "Great Temple of Abydos".
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Theater at Philippi

The initial phase of the Theater at Philippi dates to just after 356 B.C. when Philip II conquered the city.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott

The Great Pyramid

The Great Pyramid of Khufu was built ca. 2580–2560 B.C. during the 4th dynasty of ancient Egypt. It initially stood to a height of 146.5 meters (481 feet).
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:

The Great Sphinx

A monumental limestone sphinx situated on the Giza plateau, likely connected with the reign of Pharaoh Khafre.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:

Thermae Antoninianae

The Thermae Antoninianae, commonly known as the Baths of Caracalla, were built in Rome between AD 212 and 216.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Brady Kiesling

Tomb of Gaius Rabirius Postumus Libertus and family

A tomb of the Republican period belonging to the freedman family of the Rabirii.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Tomb of Hetepheres I

Hetepheres I was a 4th Dynasty queen of ancient Egypt (ca. 2600 B.C). She may have been a wife of the pharaoh Sneferu and the mother of Khufu.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:

Tomb of Hilarus Fuscus

The Late Republican tomb of the freedman Hilarus Fuscus along the Via Appia (ca. 30 B.C.).
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Tomb of T. Claudius Secundus

A Roman tomb along the Via Appia.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Tomb of Thutmes I and Hatshepsut (KV20)

KV20 may be the earliest tomb cut in the Valley of the Kings. It was first the tomb of Thutmose I, although he was later re-interred in KV38. KV20 was adapted to accommodate both her and her father.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Tomb of Thutmose III (KV34)

KV34 served as the tomb of 18th dynasty Pharaoh Thutmose III.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Tomb of Tutankhamun (KV62)

The rock-cut tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun (r. ca. 1332-1323 BC), discovered by Howard Carter in 1922.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Tomen y mur

The Roman fort at modern day Tomen y Mur, presumably Flavian in date, was likely abandoned by the middle of the second century A.D.
Creators: Scott Vanderbilt
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Valley of the Kings

A valley in Egypt where Pharaonic burials took place from the sixteenth to the eleventh centuries B.C. (Eighteenth to the Twentieth Dynasties).
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Valley Temple of Khafre

The Valley Temple associated with the pyramid of Khafre. The Valley Temple is linked to the pyramid and its mortuary temple via a causeway.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:

Venice

The city of Venice in northern Italy.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Vigna Randanini

A Jewish catacomb along the Via Appia discovered in 1859.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Villa of Diomedes

A suburban villa of Pompeii located outside the Herculaneum gate, the Villa of Diomedes was excavated between 1771 and 1774 and named after the tomb of Marcus Arrius Diomedes which faces the entrance on the opposite side of the road.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

West Coker

The site of a third to fourth century Romano-British villa. This is also the findspot of a bronze statuette of Mars and an bronze ansate plate inscribed with a dedication to Mar Rigisamus (RIB 187).
Creators: Scott Vanderbilt
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

White Pyramid

A pyramid built by Pharaoh Amenemhat II.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Zakros

A Minoan site in eastern Crete and the location of a Bronze Age palatial center.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott, Ryan M. Horne, Brady Kiesling

Zominthos

A Minoan settlement dating from ca. 1800 BC onwards, Zominthos is well known for a large Minoan building discovered in 1982.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Abrotonum/Sabratha

The westernmost of the "three cities" of Tripolis, Abrotonum/Sabratha was founded ca. 500 B.C. by the Phoenicians. The city was part of the Numidian Kingdom of Massinissa before becoming a Roman city.
Creators: D.J. Mattingly
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, R. Talbert, Jonathan Fu
Modifications: edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Abydos/Ebot

Ancient Egyptian city and burial place of its first kings. Primary cult place of the god Osiris.
Creators: M. Drew Bear
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Adam Prins, Jen Thum, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Herbert Verreth, R. Talbert, Mark Depauw
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Acerrae

Acerrae was an ancient Oscan city of Campania, perhaps originally named Akeru. The Romans granted it civitas sine suffragio in 332 BC.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Achilleion

An ancient Greek city in the southwest of the Troas. A site that in antiquity was considered to be the tomb of Achilles is nearby at Beşiktepe.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger, S. Mitchell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Ryan M. Horne, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added location; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Achriane

An ancient region in eastern Hyrkania (in modern Iran).
Creators: M. Roaf, E.J. Keall
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: initial revision; re reference link, description, connection
Actors: Tom Elliott

Ad Aesim

A statio located at the mouth of Aesis fl. on the Adriatic coast; the Antonine Itinerary places it between Ancona and Sena Gallica.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ad Duas Lauros

The toponym 'Ad Duas Lauros' refers to a large imperial property at the third mile of the Via Labicana and today comprised of the archaeological park of Centocelle. The site is mentioned in the Liber Pontificalis as that of a large imperial villa in which Helena, mother of Constantine I, lived. Archaeological work conducted in the late 1990s identified the remains of substantial Republican period villas in the same area, with evidence of both elite dwellings and viticulture. The villas identified are the Villa della Piscina and the Villa Ad Duas Lauros.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: description, references
Actors: Tom Elliott

Ad Nonas

Ad Nonas is the name of a now unlocated road station near Cosa; the name is attested in the Peutinger Table.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ad Turres

Ad Turres was located on the Via Aurelia some 10 miles from Lorium and 12 miles from Pyrgi.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Aegyptus (Roman imperial province)

The Roman province of Egypt (Aegyptus) was established in 30 BC after the defeat of Marcus Antonius and Cleopatra VII at the Battle of Actium.
Creators: R. Talbert, Brian Z. Lund, Mary E. Downs, M. Joann McDaniel
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Brian Turner, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Aelana/Aila

The city of Aqaba on the Red Sea.
Creators: D.F. Graf
Contributors: R. Talbert, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp, DARMC, Sean Gillies, B. Siewert-Mayer, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: added connection; added reference; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Aelaniticus Sinus

The Gulf of Aqaba.
Creators: D.F. Graf
Contributors: Sean Gillies, Perry Scalfano, R. Talbert, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Aesis (river)

Aesis fl. (modern Esino river) is a river of the Marche region of Italy and flows into the Adriatic Sea.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Aetna (mountain)

An active stratovolcano on the east coast of Sicily (known today as Mount Etna).
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Ryan M. Horne, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Ryan M. Horne

Ag. Triada

An ancient Minoan administrative center located in south-central Crete, Ag. Triada (or Hagia Triada) was excavated in the early twentieth century by the Scuola Archeologica Italiana di Atene.
Creators: J. Bennet, G. Reger
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Aigaleos

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 59 B2 Aigaleos
Creators: J.S. Traill
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications:
Actors:

Ainos (mountain)

Ainos, formerly Megalo Vouno.
Creators: W.M. Murray
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications:
Actors:

Akamas Pr.

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 72 A2 Akamas Pr.
Creators: D. Rupp
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Akanthonpolis

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 75 E1 Akanthonpolis
Creators: R. Müller Wollermann
Contributors: R. Talbert, Adam Prins, Jen Thum, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Herbert Verreth, Sean Gillies, Mark Depauw
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Akrotiri

Akrotiri is the modern name of an archaeological site located on the island of Thera (modern Santorini) where a Minoan Bronze Age settlement flourished before being destroyed by a volcanic eruption ca. 1627 B.C. The site has been under scientific excavation since 1967.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Akyphas/Pindos

A town that was part of the tetrapolis of Doris in ancient Greece.
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, G. Reger, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Alabanda/Antiocheia Chrysaoron

Alabanda/Antiocheia Chrysaoron was an ancient city of Caria.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Adam Prins, Jen Thum, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Herbert Verreth, R. Talbert, Mark Depauw, Phoebe Acheson
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Alalie/Aleria

A city of Corsica with significant pre-historic, Greek, Etruscan, and Roman phases.
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: DARMC, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Johan Åhlfeldt, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Alba Helviorum

Alba Helviorum was the capital of the Helvii in Gallia Narbonensis.
Creators: E. Bertrand
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: fix lauxerois 1985 reference
Actors: Sean Gillies

Alexandria/Antiochia/Merv

Alexandria/Antiochia/Merv was a major oasis-city of Central Asia, located along the Silk Road (in modern Turkmenistan). Listed as UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1999.
Creators: St J. Simpson, F. Hiebert, P.L. Kohl
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Alexandria Ariorum/Artacavan/Harey

Alexandria Ariorum/Artacavan/Harey (modern Herat, Afghanistan).
Creators: St J. Simpson, F. Hiebert, P.L. Kohl
Contributors: R. Talbert, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp, Sean Gillies, B. Siewert-Mayer, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Alişar Höyük

A settlement with occupation from the Chalcolithic period (fourth millennium B.C.) until the Phrygian period (first millennium B.C.).
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications:
Actors:

Amarna

A new capital for Egypt founded by Akhenaten during his reign as pharaoh during Egypt's Eighteenth Dynasty.
Creators: Iris Fernandez
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added connection; added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Amiternum

Amiternum was an ancient settlement of the Sabines that Rome captured in 293 BC. The settlement was situated at the intersection of four Roman roads: the Via Caecilia, the Via Claudia Nova, and the two branches of the Via Salaria. The historian Sallust was born at Amiternum in 86 B.C.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Amorgos (island)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 61 B4 Amorgos Ins.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Arthur De Graauw, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ampelos

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 60 F2 Ampelos
Creators: J. Bennet, G. Reger
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Amphitheater of Alba Fucens

A first century A.D. amphitheater at Alba Fucens built during the reign of Tiberius.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:
Modifications:
Actors:

Amyklaion?

Amyklaion? (the archaeological site of Kommos) was a Bronze Age port and settlement in southern Crete.
Creators: J. Bennet, G. Reger
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added location; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Amyzon/*Mydon

An ancient settlement in Caria and one of the cities in the Chrysaorian League of Carian cities. By Strabo's time it was deemed a suburb of Alabanda.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Andriklos M.

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 66 B4 Andriklos M.
Creators: S. Mitchell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Andros (island)

The northernmost island of the Cyclades.
Creators: J. Bennet, G. Reger
Contributors: R. Talbert, Stuart Dunn, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Anio (river)

The Anio river (modern Aniene) is a river of northern Latium.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, Edward Keogh
Modifications: added connection; added location; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Antemnae

Antemnae is an ancient Latin settlement located north of Rome near the point where the Anio and Tiber rivers intersect. Connected with Rome's early history, Antemnae was involved in episodes such as the 'Rape of the Sabine Women' and Romulus is said to have celebrated a triumph over the Antemnates in 752 BC.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Antikragos (mountain)

Buba Dağ.
Creators: C. Foss, S. Mitchell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Antilibanus M.

The Anti-Lebanon mountains, also known as the Eastern Lebanon Mountain Range.
Creators: J.P. Brown, P.-L. Gatier
Contributors: R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, R. Warner, Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added location; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Antiphellos/Habesos

Antiphellos/Habesos was an ancient settlement in Lycia.
Creators: C. Foss, S. Mitchell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Apa Phoibammon, Mon.

The seventh century monastery of St. Phoibammon was built on the upper terrace of the temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahri.
Creators: T. Wilfong, S.E. Sidebotham, J. Keenan
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Roko Rumora, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added connection; modified type
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Apolloniatis/Sittacene

Apolloniatis/Sittacene was an ancient region of Babylonia and Assyria.
Creators: M. Roaf, St J. Simpson
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added type
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Apollonopolis Magna

The city of Apollonopolis Magna was located on the west bank of the Niles, south of Thebes. As the seat of Horus, Greeks regarded it as a site connected with Apollo. It served as the capital of the second nome of Upper Egypt.
Creators: T. Wilfong, S.E. Sidebotham, J. Keenan
Contributors: Sean Gillies, Valeria Vitale, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Gabriel McKee, Jonathan Fu, R. Talbert, Nate Nagy, Gabriel Bodard
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Aquae Albulae

A group of springs located west of Tibur (modern Tivoli). The main spring, known as Lago della Regina, preserves traces of an ancient Roman bath.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Ryan M. Horne, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location; added references and type; edited; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Aquae Apollinares

The Aquae Apollinares were thermal springs located between Careiae and Tarquinii, perhaps to be associated with the Bagni di Stigliano or Bagni di Vicarello.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Ryan M. Horne, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Aquae Populoniae

Remains of an Etrusco-Roman thermal complex, dating from the third century B.C. to late antiquity, were documented between 2000 and 2003.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: R. Talbert, Stefano Costa, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Aquae Tauri

A thermal site in Etruria northeast of Centumcellae.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Arabia Petraia

A province on the frontier of the Roman empire from the second century AD, Arabia Petraia comprised parts of the former kingdom of Nabataea, as well as southern Syria, the Sinai, and the northwestern part of the Arabian peninsula. Its capital was Petra.
Creators: D.F. Graf
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Arados/Tylos Minor?/Athrotradus? (island)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 95 C3 Arados/Tylos Minor?/Athrotradus? Ins.
Creators: D.T. Potts
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Ryan M. Horne, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Araxenon Pedion

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 89 F1 Araxenon Pedion
Creators: M. Roaf, T. Sinclair, S.E. Kroll, St J. Simpson
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited type
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Araxos

Cape Araxos separates the Gulf of Patras from the Ionian Sea.
Creators: G. Reger, J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: R. Talbert, Stuart Dunn, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications:
Actors:

Arbela/Arba-ilu

An ancient Mesopotamian city located between the two Zab rivers (modern Erbel/Erbil in Iraq).
Creators: M. Roaf, T. Sinclair, S.E. Kroll, St J. Simpson
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp, DARMC, R. Talbert, B. Siewert-Mayer, David Mimno, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: added references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Argaeus (mountain)

Erciyes Dağı in Turkish. A massive volcanic mountain, the highest peak of the Antitaurus range. Commonly depicted on coins from Cappadocia.
Creators: T.B. Mitford
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Sean Gillies

Argennon Pr.

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 56 C5 Argennon Pr.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger, S. Mitchell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Argolis

Argolis (also known as 'the Argolid') occupied the eastern part of the Peloponnese; comprising primarily the Argolid peninsula and the coastal region lying to the east of Arcadia, and north of Laconia.
Creators: G. Reger, J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert
Modifications: added references; edited; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Argos

Argos was a city of ancient Greece that reached its cultural highpoint under Pheidon in the seventh century BC.
Creators: G. Reger, J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: DARMC, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, Pierre Motylewicz, R. Talbert
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Aricia

Aricia is an ancient Latin settlement and a member of the Latin League.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Johan Åhlfeldt, John Muccigrosso, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, J. Muccigrosso, Sean Gillies
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Armenta (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 B4 Armenta fl.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Arretium

Arretium (the Etruscan Aritim) was one of the duodecim populi Etruriae and described by Livy as one of the "Capitae Etruriae". The Romans captured the city in 311 B.C. and it became a station on the via Cassia.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Arsinoe/Taucheira

Arsinoe/Taucheira (modern Tocra) may have originally been a Greek foundation that was part of Pentapolis of Cyrenaica. It eventually became a Roman colony and, by the time of Justinian, was fortified.
Creators: D.J. Mattingly
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Johan Åhlfeldt
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Artake Ins.

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 52 B4 Artake Ins.
Creators: C. Foss
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert
Modifications:
Actors:

Ashdod/Azotos (Mesogeios)

An ancient settlement of the Philistines.
Creators: B. Isaac
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott, DARMC, R. Talbert
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ashqelon/Ascalon

Ashqelon/Ascalon was an ancient city in coastal Palestine, located midway between Azotus and Gaza. It became independent in 104 B.C. and remained the only free city in Palestine. Strabo refers to it, while Pliny calls it a free city (oppidum libera).
Creators: B. Isaac
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jen Thum, Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny, H. Kopp, Herbert Verreth, B. Siewert-Mayer, Mark Depauw, R. Talbert, Johan Åhlfeldt, Adam Prins, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Sarah Bond, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: initial revision
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Askra

An ancient town of Boeotia known as the birthplace of Hesiod.
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, G. Reger, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Aspendos/Primoupolis

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 65 F4 Aspendos/Primoupolis
Creators: C. Foss, S. Mitchell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Aspledon/Eudeielos

An ancient town in Boeotia that was mentioned by Homer in the Iliad.
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, G. Reger, R. Talbert
Modifications: edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Assakanoi

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 6 C3 Assakanoi
Creators: M.U. Erdosy
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added type
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Asteria (island)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 54 C5 Asteria Ins.
Creators: W.M. Murray
Contributors: R. Talbert, Arthur De Graauw, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: baseline created
Actors: Arthur De Graauw

Asterousia (mountain)

The Asterousia Mountains are a range of southern Crete that separate the Mesara Plain from the Libyan Sea.
Creators: J. Bennet, G. Reger
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Ryan M. Horne, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Ryan M. Horne

Atabyrion (mountain)

The highest mountain on Rhodes (1,215 meters above sea level).
Creators: J. Bennet, G. Reger
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Ryan M. Horne, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Athamania

An n ancient Greek tribe that inhabited south-eastern Epirus and west Thessaly.
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: R. Talbert, G. Reger, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Atina

Atina was a Samnite hill town with a polygonal masonry fortification wall.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Auchendavy

Site of Roman fort on the Antonine Wall.
Creators: A.S. Esmonde Cleary
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Scott Vanderbilt, R. Warner, Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: baseline created
Actors: Scott Vanderbilt

Augusta Taurinorum

Augusta Taurinorum (modern Turin), the settlement of indigenous Celto-Ligurian peoples, was re-settled as a Roman veteran colony in 28 BC.
Creators: M. Pearce, P. Tozzi
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added cnxn; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

*Aurinia/Saturnia

An Etruscan town that Dionysius of Halicarnassus claimed had been founded by the Pelasgians, Saturnia received a Roman colony in 183 BC.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Auser (river)

The Serchio river.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Avernus L.

A volcanic crater lake located in the Phlegraean Fields, Lake Avernus served a major ritual role for ancient Romans and Greeks as they viewed it as an entrance to Hades.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications:
Actors:

Azoria

An archaeological site (ancient name unknown) overlooking the Gulf of Mirabello in eastern Crete, not far from the modern town of Kavousi.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Babylon

The ancient city of Babylon began as an Akkadian city-state founded by Amorites in 1894 B.C. The city was also the seat of the Neo-Babylonian Empire from 608 to 539 B.C.
Creators: M. Roaf, St J. Simpson
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott, DARMC, R. Talbert, Ryan M. Horne
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Bactra/Zariaspa

An ancient city of what is now northern Afghanistan. Bactra/Zariaspa (modern Balkh) was a center of Zoroastrianism.
Creators: St J. Simpson, F. Hiebert, P.L. Kohl
Contributors: R. Talbert, Jeffrey Becker, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp, DARMC, Sean Gillies, B. Siewert-Mayer, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Bactria (region)

An historic region at the eastern limits of the Iranian plateau connected with the Oxus civilization (Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex).
Creators: F.T. Hiebert, P.L. Kohl
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Baebiana

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 43 A2 Baebiana
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Bagrada (river)

The Medjerda River.
Creators: R.B. Hitchner
Contributors: R. Warner, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Balanea/Leukas

Balanea/Leukas was an important Phoenician port.
Creators: J.P. Brown, P.-L. Gatier
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, R. Warner, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Bar Hill

The site of a Roman fort on the Antonine Wall.
Creators: A.S. Esmonde Cleary
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Scott Vanderbilt, R. Warner, Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: baseline created
Actors: Scott Vanderbilt

Barnous (mountain)

Mt. Voras Kaimatsala.
Creators: E.N. Borza
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications:
Actors:

Bassachis regio

An ancient place, cited: None
Creators: D.J. Mattingly
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added type
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Beirut

An ancient Phoenician city, known by various names in antiquity, in what is now Lebanon.
Creators: E.M. Meyers, J.P. Brown
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jen Thum, Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny, H. Kopp, Herbert Verreth, B. Siewert-Mayer, Mark Depauw, R. Talbert, Johan Åhlfeldt, Adam Prins, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: added name; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Belbina (island)

A small island in the Saronic Gulf, some 10 miles from the promontory of Sounion.
Creators: G. Reger, J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Arthur De Graauw, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added location; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Berenice

The modern city of Benghazi, Libya, began as the Greek colony of Euesperides ca. 525 BC. The city was later renamed Berenice in honor of Berenice of Cyrene, the queen of Ptolemy III Euergetes.
Creators: D.J. Mattingly
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Berenice/Berenike

An ancient port city on the west coast of the Red Sea in modern Egypt.
Creators: T. Wilfong, S.E. Sidebotham, J. Keenan
Contributors: Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Besbikos Ins.

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 52 D3 Besbikos Ins.
Creators: C. Foss
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert
Modifications:
Actors:

Blatades Monastery

A fourteenth century monastery.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications:
Actors:

Blera

Blera was a significant Etruscan settlement in the vicinity of Tarquinii. It lay along the line of the Roman Via Clodia. It received Roman municipal status and was enrolled in the tribus Arnensis. The city flourished in the sixth and fifth centuries BCE.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Bora/Bermion M.

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 50 A3 Bora/Bermion M.
Creators: E.N. Borza
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert
Modifications:
Actors:

Boreion Pr.

The northernmost point of the island of Sri Lanka.
Creators: M.U. Erdosy
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added connection; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Borsippa/Burs

An ancient city of Sumer southwest of Babylon on the east bank of the Euphrates.
Creators: M. Roaf, St J. Simpson
Contributors: R. Talbert, Jeffrey Becker, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp, DARMC, Sean Gillies, B. Siewert-Mayer, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Borysthenes (river)

The Dnieper River.
Creators: David Braund
Contributors: R. Talbert, Diane Braund, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Boscoreale

A settled area of Campania that is especially well known for the Roman country villas of the first century BC that were destroyed by the eruption of Vesuvius in A.D. 79.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Bousiris

Bousiris was a city of Lower Egypt near the Phatnitic mouth of the Nile river and was considered one of the possible birthplaces of Osiris.
Creators: A. Bernand
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert
Modifications: added references and connection; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Bouto

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 74 D2 Bouto
Creators: A. Bernand
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Brea

A colony of Athens founded c. 445 BC.
Creators: E.N. Borza
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert
Modifications: update description, add connection
Actors: Sean Gillies

Brixellum

An ancient Roman town in the plain of the Po river.
Creators: M. Pearce, P. Tozzi
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Ryan M. Horne, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Brocavum

A Roman fort at modern Brougham in the UK (sometimes called Brougham Castle Roman Fort).
Creators: A.S. Esmonde Cleary
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Scott Vanderbilt, R. Warner, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications:
Actors:

Byzantine Bath

A thirteenth/fourteenth century Byzantine bath at Thessalonica; listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications:
Actors:

Cabum?

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 43 C2 Cabum?
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Caer Gai

The site of a Roman fort in Wales occupied during the late first and early second centuries A.D.
Creators: Scott Vanderbilt
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: initial revision
Actors: Scott Vanderbilt

Caesena

An Umbrian and Etruscan city on the Savio river that passed into Roman control in the third century B.C.
Creators: M. Pearce, R. Peretto, P. Tozzi
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Calepodius

A Christian catacomb originally containing the tombs of Pope Callixtus I and Pope Julius I, along with that of the eponymous Saint Calepodius.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Calydon

An ancient Greek city of Aetolia that derives its name from its founder Calydon, son of Aetolus.
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Ryan M. Horne, Brady Kiesling, G. Reger, R. Talbert, Johan Åhlfeldt
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Canopus

An ancient Egyptian city of the Nile river delta. Canopus was located in the seventh nome (Menelaites) on the western bank at the mouth of the westernmost branch of the Nile.
Creators: A. Bernand
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Simon Krause-Heiber, R. Talbert
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Capua

An important ancient city of Campania with Villanovan and Etruscan origins.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Wade Tuttle, R. Talbert, Jonathan Fu
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Careiae

An ancient town on the Via Clodia.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Carmania

A province of both the Achaemenid Empire and the Sassanid Empire.
Creators: M. Roaf
Contributors: Brian Z. Lund, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, M. Joann McDaniel, Jeffrey Becker, Mary E. Downs, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Carmel

A coastal mountain range in northern Israel.
Creators: E.M. Meyers, J.P. Brown
Contributors: Sean Gillies, jbecler, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, Tom Elliott, R. Talbert, Ryan M. Horne, Gabriel Moss
Modifications: added references; edited description; initial revision
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Carnuntum

A Roman army camp on the Danube river in Noricum; after the first century AD Carnuntum served as the capital of Upper Pannonia.
Creators: L.F. Pitts, A. Bursche
Contributors: R. Talbert, E. Krekovič, Jeffrey Becker, P. Kaczanowski, Tom Elliott, DARMC, R. Madyda‑Legutko, Sean Gillies, Sarah Bond
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Carrhae

Carrhae is a major settlement of Upper Mesopotamia from the Bronze Age onward. The earliest mentions of the site are found in the Ebla tablets (ca. 2300 B.C.).
Creators: T. Sinclair, P.-L. Gatier
Contributors: M. Ballance, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott, DARMC, R. Warner, R. Talbert
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Carsioli

An ancient settlement along the Via Valeria, Carsioli was established as a Latin colony in the territory of the Aequi ca. 298 BC.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jonathan Prag, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Carteia/Calpe/Karpessos

A Phoenician and Roman town in Spain located on the Bay of Gibraltar. The site played a strategic role in the Punic Wars, and was given the rights of a Latin colony in 171 BC.
Creators: Jr., F.H. Stanley, R.C. Knapp
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Jonathan Prag, R. Warner, R. Talbert
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Casale di Gregna

A villa at the seventh mile of the Via Latina.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Casius Mons

Mount Kasion or Kasion Oros as described by Herodotus.
Creators: B. Isaac
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Castellum Mattiacorum

A fort constructed ca. 11 BC to protect a wooden bridge built to span the Rhine river.
Creators: C. Haselgrove, J. Kunow
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Castlecary

Site of Roman fort on Antonine Wall.
Creators: A.S. Esmonde Cleary
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Scott Vanderbilt, R. Warner, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: baseline created; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Scott Vanderbilt

Castrimoenium

A Latin settlement that became a Roman municipium.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Catabathmus Maior/Plynos Limen/Tetrapyrgia

An ancient place, cited: None
Creators: D.J. Mattingly
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Cataracta Prima

The First Cataract of the Nile is located at Aswan.
Creators: T. Wilfong, S.E. Sidebotham, J. Keenan
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Cataracta Quarta

The Fourth Cataract of the Nile is located in the Manasir Desert. Since 2008 it has been flooded by the Merowe Dam.
Creators: N.B. Millet
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Cataracta Quinta

The Fifth Cataract of the Nile river is located near the confluence of the Nile and Atbarah Rivers.
Creators: N.B. Millet
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Cataracta Secunda

The Second Cataract (or Great Cataract) was located in Nubia. It is now submerged under Lake Nasser.
Creators: S.M. Burstein
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, D. Borough, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Cataracta Tertia

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 82 A2 Cataracta Tertia
Creators: N.B. Millet
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Caunus

An ancient city of Caria in southwest Asia Minor.
Creators: C. Foss, S. Mitchell
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, R. Talbert, Rob Chavez
Modifications: added connection; added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Çayönü

Çayönü was a Neolithic settlement located in southern Turkey. Its remains date ca. 7200 to 6600 BC. The site spans the entire Pre-pottery Neolithic sequence and recent investigations suggest that Çayönü may be the site of the first domestication of the pig (Sus scrofa).
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: edited references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Cemeteries around Caere

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 43 A2 no. 1 (cemeteries around Caere)
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited name type
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Centum Cellae

Centum Cellae (modern Civitavecchia) was an ancient coastal settlement in Tyrrhenian Etruria. The emperor Trajan re-builds the harbor at the site in 106/7 and Pliny the Younger mentions its name, Centum Cellae. Saracens destroyed the city in A.D. 812.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Cephallania (island)

The largest of the Ionian islands.
Creators: W.M. Murray
Contributors: R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Arthur De Graauw, Tom Elliott
Modifications:
Actors:

Ceres et Faustina, T.

The Roman temple dedicated to Ceres and Faustina received patronage from Herodes Atticus. Its remains were eventually repurposed in the construction of the church of Sant'Urbano.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Sean Gillies

Cerfennia

A settlement of the Marsi and a Roman road station on the Via Valeria.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Chaeronea

An ancient settlement of Boeotia, Chaeronea was a subject of Orchomenus and a member of the Boeotian League. From the late fifth century BC, Chaeronea belonged to one of the 11 Boeotian districts.
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, G. Reger, R. Talbert, Constantina Argyrakou
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Chelidoniae (islands)

A group of islands located off Cape Gelidonya on the south coast of Anatolia.
Creators: C. Foss, S. Mitchell
Contributors: Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Church of Prophet Elijah

A fourteenth century AD church in Thessaloniki.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications:
Actors:

Cilicia Pedias

A region of southern Asia Minor, "Flat Cilicia". This region is described as "well-watered" and fertile. It was bounded by the Taurus and Anti-Taurus Mountains and the Mediterranean Sea.
Creators: S. Mitchell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Cilicia Tracheia

A region known as "Rough Cilicia" in southern Asia Minor.
Creators: S. Mitchell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Cimbri

A Germanic tribe that made war against the Roman Republic between 113 and 101 BC.
Creators: J.H.F. Bloemers
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jonathan Fu, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ciminius (lake)

A caldera lake of northern Latium.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Cirta/Constantina

The capital city of the ancient Berber Kingdom of Numidia.
Creators: E.W.B. Fentress
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, R. Warner, Johan Åhlfeldt
Modifications: edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

City walls of Sabucina

The fortification walls of the Classical city.
Creators: Adam Rabinowitz
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications:
Actors:

Clysma

Clysma as an ancient port at the northern end of the Gulf of Suez.
Creators: A. Bernand
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Colani(c)a?

Probably to be associated with a complex of Roman forts at modern day Camelon, just to the north of the Antonine Wall.
Creators: A.S. Esmonde Cleary
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Scott Vanderbilt, R. Warner, Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: baseline created; initial revision
Actors: Scott Vanderbilt

Colle Rotondo

Colle Rotondo was the site of a prehistoric settlement inhabited from the Bronze Age until the early Iron Age.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Colles Leucogaei

A name for volcanic hills of a whitish hue around Puteoli.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description; edited type
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Comana Pontica/Hierocaesarea

An ancient city of Pontus.
Creators: T. Sinclair, David Braund
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Diane Braund, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Coptos

An ancient settlement on the Nile river (modern Quft/Qift in Egypt) that flourished from pre-dynastic times through late antiquity.
Creators: T. Wilfong, S.E. Sidebotham, J. Keenan
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Corinthiacus Sinus

The Gulf of Corinth.
Creators: G. Reger, J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: Sean Gillies, Perry Scalfano, R. Talbert, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Cosa

A Latin colony in south Etruria founded ca. 273 B.C.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Elizabeth Fentress, Tom Elliott
Modifications: edited references to add links
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Cossyra (settlement)

A harbor settlement on the island of the same name.
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added type and cnxn
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Crac des Chevaliers

An ancient castle, located in modern Syria. Inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2006 as part of the "Crac des Chevaliers and Qal’at Salah El-Din" listing.
Creators: Adam Prins
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Cramond

Site of Roman fort occupied during the Antonine period, located 4.5 miles NNW of Castle Rock, Edinburgh.
Creators: A.S. Esmonde Cleary
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Scott Vanderbilt, R. Warner, Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: baseline created; initial revision
Actors: Scott Vanderbilt

Creticum Mare

The Sea of Crete is the sea located south of the Aegean Sea, north of the island Crete, and south of the Cyclades islands.
Creators: J. Bennet, G. Reger
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Croy Hill

The site of a Roman fort and fortlet on the Antonine Wall.
Creators: A.S. Esmonde Cleary
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Scott Vanderbilt, R. Warner, Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: baseline created; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Scott Vanderbilt

Ctesiphon

An imperial capital of the Persian and Parthian empires.
Creators: M. Roaf, St J. Simpson
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Francis Deblauwe, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Eric Kansa, Brady Kiesling, H. Kopp, W. Röllig, B. Siewert-Mayer, R. Talbert, Johan Åhlfeldt
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Cyclades Islands

An island group in the Aegean Sea composed of over 200 islands.
Creators: Classical Atlas Project Office, G. Reger
Contributors: Sean Gillies, Perry Scalfano, R. Talbert, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: fixing connections to conform to style guide
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Cyclopum Scopuli Tres

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 47 G3 Cyclopum Scopuli Tres
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Ryan M. Horne, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Ryan M. Horne

Cyzicus

An ancient city of Mysia in Anatolia.
Creators: C. Foss
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Rob Chavez, DARMC, Francis Deblauwe, Mark Depauw, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Ryan M. Horne, Eric Kansa, Brady Kiesling, H. Kopp, Adam Prins, W. Röllig, B. Siewert-Mayer, R. Talbert, Jen Thum, Herbert Verreth, Johan Åhlfeldt
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Dagana

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 5 inset Dagana
Creators: M.U. Erdosy
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Daskylitis Limne

Also called "Aphnitis Limne" in antiquity, according to Strabo. Modern Lake Kuş/Lake Manyas in Turkey.
Creators: C. Foss
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Deire

Deire is located on a promontory (modern Ras Siyyan) on the western side of the Bab-el-Mandeb strait, located between the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden.
Creators: D.T. Potts
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Pierre Schneider, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Deir el-Medina

The workers' village of the artisans who worked on the tombs in the Valley of the Kings.
Creators: Roko Rumora
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Dekeleia

A deme of Attica located 120 stades from Athens. Dekeleia ceded its autonomy under Theseus to form the city-state of Athens.
Creators: J.S. Traill
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Diktynnaion

A sanctuary located at Menies bay in Chania, Crete, with remains ranging in date from Hellenistic period to Late Antiquity.
Creators: J. Bennet, G. Reger
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Dindymon (mountain)

The highest point on Kapu Dagh.
Creators: C. Foss
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Diospolis Magna/Thebai

Diospolis Magna/Thebai was known in ancient Egypt as Waset, "City of the Sceptre". The site was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979.
Creators: T. Wilfong, S.E. Sidebotham, J. Keenan
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jen Thum, Jeffrey Becker, H. Kopp, Herbert Verreth, B. Siewert-Mayer, Mark Depauw, R. Talbert, Adam Prins, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Roko Rumora, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Diospolis Mikra

The capital of the seventh Nome of Upper Egypt, located on the west bank of the Nile.
Creators: M. Drew Bear
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Adam Prins, Jen Thum, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Herbert Verreth, Sean Gillies, Mark Depauw
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Doberos

An ancient city in Paeonia.
Creators: E.N. Borza
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Johan Åhlfeldt
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Dolopia

A region of Greece inhabited by the Dolopes.
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: R. Talbert, G. Reger, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Dotion Pedion

The Dotion Pedion (Dotium) is the northern part of the eastern Thessalian plain.
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: G. Reger, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references and type; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Drangiane/Zarangiane (region)

A region located around Lake Hāmūn and the Helmand river in modern Sīstān.
Creators: M. Roaf
Contributors: Brian Z. Lund, R. Talbert, Mary E. Downs, M. Joann McDaniel, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added type
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Easton Grey

Romano-British settlement of Easton Grey in Wiltshire, situated on the Foss Way. Referred to in some earlier sources as 'White Walls'.
Creators: A.S. Esmonde Cleary
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Scott Vanderbilt, R. Warner, Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: baseline created; initial revision
Actors: Scott Vanderbilt

Ebusus (island)

Ebusus Ins. (modern Ibiza) is an island in the western Mediterranean Sea.
Creators: P.O. Spann
Contributors: R. Warner, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ecbatana/Hagmatana/Achmeta/Epiphaneia/Ahmadan

The capital of Astyages (Istuvegü), captured by Cyrus the Great in 549 BC. The site served as a summer residence for both Persian and Parthian kings.
Creators: A. Hausleiter, M. Roaf, E.J. Keall
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp, DARMC, R. Talbert, B. Siewert-Mayer, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Eileithyiaspolis

Eileithyiaspolis is a city of Upper Egypt on the eastern bank of the Nile river. The site was occupied from the Neolithic period onwards. Its ancient name was most likely Nekheb.
Creators: T. Wilfong, S.E. Sidebotham, J. Keenan
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Adam Prins, Jen Thum, Bruno Bazzani, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Herbert Verreth, Jonathan Fu, R. Talbert, Mark Depauw
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Eilesion

A city of southeast Boeotia mentioned by Homer.
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, G. Reger, R. Talbert
Modifications: added name; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

E-kara/Icarus (island)

Failaka Island in the Persian Gulf.
Creators: A. Hausleiter, M. Roaf, St J. Simpson, R. Wenke
Contributors: P. Flensted Jensen, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Elymais/Susiana

Susiana, derived from the city of Susa, is the Classical appellation for Elam.
Creators: A. Hausleiter, M. Roaf, St J. Simpson, R. Wenke
Contributors: P. Flensted Jensen, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited type
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Emporiae

A major economic center in the Iberian peninsula, Emporiae (modern Empúries) had indigenous origins but would be the site of a large Greek colonial city.
Creators: H.S. Sivan, S.J. Keay, R.W. Mathisen
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Emporio

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 56 C5 Emporio
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger, S. Mitchell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Eridu

Eridu was an ancient city of Sumeria and perhaps one of the first true cities. The site is settled from ca. 5300 B.C. onward. Eridu was located approximately Located 12 km southwest of Ur and was the southernmost of a conglomeration of Sumerian cities that grew up around temple complexes.
Creators: A. Hausleiter, M. Roaf, St J. Simpson, R. Wenke
Contributors: Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp, DARMC, R. Talbert, P. Flensted Jensen, B. Siewert-Mayer, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Euboea (island)

Euboea is the second largest Greek island by area and is separated from the Greek mainland by the Euripus Strait.
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: Pierre Motylewicz, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, G. Reger, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added location; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Euboicus Sinus

The Gulf of Euboea is an arm of the Aegean Sea.
Creators: J.S. Traill
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Ryan M. Horne, Jeffrey Becker, Perry Scalfano, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added location; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Euphranta/Macomades

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 37 B1 Euphranta/Macomades
Creators: D.J. Mattingly
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Euripos

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 55 F4 Euripos
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Ryan M. Horne, Brady Kiesling, G. Reger, R. Talbert
Modifications: added location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Europos

An ancient city that was part of the Mitanni, Hittite, and Neo-Assyrian Empires (Kargamiš in Hittite; commonly Carchemish). The site was occupied as early as the Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods; evidence for Early Bronze Age cist tombs begins ca. 2400 BC. It was a key commercial center during the time of Ebla and Mari. The Mitanni controlled the site from the sixteenth to the fourteenth centuries and was conquered by Šuppiluliuma ca. 1350 B.C. A famous battle, attested in the Bible, was fought at the site in 605 BC between the Babylonian army under Nebuchadnezzar II and that of the Egyptian Pharaoh Necho II.
Creators: T. Sinclair, P.-L. Gatier
Contributors: M. Ballance, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, R. Warner, R. Talbert
Modifications: added references; edited; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Faesulae

Faesulae (modern Fiesole) was an Etruscan foundation called Viesul, Viśl, or Vipsul. The city was conquered by Romans in 283 B.C. Sulla would settle Roman veterans there. Citizens of the town supported the conspiracy of Catiline.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Falernus Ager

The Ager Falernus comprised the northern portion of Campania from the Massican hills to the Vulturnus river. The area was celebrated for its fertility and, in particular, for its wines.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references and type; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Falkirk

The site of a Roman fort on the Antonine Wall.
Creators: A.S. Esmonde Cleary
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Scott Vanderbilt, R. Warner, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: baseline created; initial revision
Actors: Scott Vanderbilt

Fanum Fugitivi

A road station on the Via Flaminia, located between Interamna and Spoletium.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Fectio

Fectio was a castellum along the Roman frontier system (limes) of Germania Inferior.
Creators: J.H.F. Bloemers
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, René Voorburg, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: baseline created
Actors: René Voorburg

Fescennium

Fescennium (modern Narce) was a Faliscan settlement located ca. 5 km south of Falerii Veteres.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ficana

An ancient city of Latium that was said to have been conquered by Ancus Marcius, Ficana was located near the eleventh mile of the Via Ostiensis. Excavation at the site has produced important evidence for the urban center beginning from the eighth century BC. Pliny the Elder mentions Ficana as one of the lost cities of Latium.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Fisternae

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 E4 Fisternae
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Foruli

Foruli was a Sabine town located between Amiternum and Interocrea.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Forum Aurelii

A settlement in Etruria situated on the Via Aurelia between Centumcellae and Cosa according to the Antonine Itinerary.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Forum Clodii

An ancient road station on the Via Clodia.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Forum Decii

A town of the Sabines mentioned by Pliny the Elder.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Frentani

An Italic people of eastern Italy occupying a territory between the Apennines and the Adriatic seaboard, the Frentani had a close cultural connection with the Samnites.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert
Modifications: edited
Actors: Tom Elliott

Fucinus L.

A lake of ancient Italy, site of a major battle of 89 BC. Flood and drainage controls were attempted by both Claudius and Hadrian. The Torlonia family drained the lake in the nineteenth century.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, A. Horsting, Tom Elliott
Modifications: edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Fufluna/Populonium

Populonia likely derives its name from the Etruscan god 'Fufluns' and was an important maritime and commercial center of Etruria located in the Colline Metallifere.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Fundi

Fundi achieved civitas sine suffragio after the Latin War in 338 B.C.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, R. Talbert, Ryan M. Horne
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Gadilon/Helega?

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 87 A3 Gadilon/Helega?
Creators: T. Sinclair, David Braund
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Diane Braund, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Gallinaria Silva

An evergreen thicket of the area around Cumae.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Garamantes

The Garamantes, a Saharan People, living in Fezzan region of Libya cited: BAtlas 36 C4
Creators: D.J. Mattingly
Contributors: R. Talbert, Perry Scalfano, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Gargani Pr.

Promontory of the Garganus Mons
Creators: I.E.M. Edlund Berry, A.M. Small
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications:
Actors:

Garsaura/Col. Claudia Archelais/Koloneia

Originally known as Garsaura, this place was a key settlement of the strategia of Garsaouritis. King Archelaus refounded it and named it after himself. Under the Roman emperor Claudius the site received colonial status. The settlement is located at an oasis to the southeast of Tuz Gölü and some 225 km south of Ancyra.
Creators: S. Mitchell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Gaurus M.

An eruptive volcanic vent in the Phlegraean Fields.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Gemelli Colles

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 47 D3 Gemelli Colles
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Ryan M. Horne, Tom Elliott
Modifications: location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Ryan M. Horne

Genetes Pr.

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 87 C3 Genetes Pr.
Creators: T. Sinclair, David Braund
Contributors: R. Talbert, Diane Braund, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Giordani

A fourth century A.D. catacomb along the via Salaria at Rome.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added connection; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

[Girsu]/Tello(h)

A Sumerian city-state.
Creators: A. Hausleiter, M. Roaf, St J. Simpson, R. Wenke
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, P. Flensted Jensen, Ryan M. Horne, Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Giza

The site of Giza encompasses the Giza Necropolis, a large archaeological site famous for its pyramid complexes and monumental sculpture.
Creators: Roko Rumora
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Gabriel McKee, Brady Kiesling
Modifications: added uwhs; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Gla

A large Bronze Age fortification of the Mycenaean civilization, Gla dates ca. 1300 B.C.
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Gabriel McKee, G. Reger, R. Talbert
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Göbekli Tepe

The site of Göbekli Tepe, located in the Germuş mountains of south-eastern Anatolia, was the location of a Neolithic hilltop sanctuary. This sanctuary, thought to be a series of stone enclosures with T-shaped pillars carrying carving of wild animals, was built in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic and ranges in date from 9,600 to 8,200 B.C.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications:
Actors:

Gorbeus

A settlement south of Ankara that served as the seat of Castor the Elder, the tetrarch of the Tectosages.
Creators: S. Mitchell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Gordion/Vindia?

The capital city of ancient Phrygia, the ruins of Gordion are located near the modern village of Yassıhüyük about 10km east of the Turkish city of Polatlı.
Creators: T. Drew Bear
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, R. Talbert, Rob Chavez
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Gortyn(a)

The Roman capital of Creta et Cyrenaica province, then Creta, and later seat of the Archbishop of Crete, Gortyna was a thriving community from the Geometric period to the Middle Byzantine period. The first traces of urban settlement date from the Archaic period. The ancient Greek law code known as the "Gortyn Code" was discovered there in 1884.
Creators: J. Bennet, G. Reger
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Stefano Costa, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added connection; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Graviscae

The port of the Etruscan city of Tarquinia.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added type
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Grion (mountain)

Ilbir Dağ.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Ryan M. Horne, Tom Elliott
Modifications: location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Ryan M. Horne

Gygaia/Koloe/Talaimenis L.

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 56 G4 Gygaia/Koloe/Talaimenis L.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger, S. Mitchell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Gyrton(e)

An ancient city of Thessaly.
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, G. Reger, Tom Elliott
Modifications: edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Hadrumetum/Iustinianopolis

Hadrumetum/Iustinianopolis was an important ancient port in North Africa. Founded by Phoenicians, the site pre-dated Carthage. Under Roman administration the site prospered and Trajan assigned it colonial status as Colonia Concordia Ulpia Trajana Augusta Frugifera Hadrumetina.
Creators: R.B. Hitchner
Contributors: DARMC, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, R. Warner, Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added reference; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Haemus M.

A mountain range of northern Thrace.
Creators: A.G. Poulter
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Hagar Qin Megalithic Temple Complex (Malta)

Ħaġar Qim is a megalithic temple complex (ca. 3600-3200 BC), included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications: edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Halai Araphenides

A deme of Attica, located on the eastern shore north of Brauron. The site was known in antiquity for its sanctuary dedicated to Artemis Tauropolos.
Creators: J.S. Traill
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Halieis

An ancient Greek harbor city in the Argolid (across from the modern village of Porto Cheli) that was abandoned toward the end of the fourth century BCE. Excavated remains include fortification walls (as early as the eighth c. BCE), a city with an orthogonal street plan, an industrial quarter, and domestic architecture with evidence for agricultural processing. Parts of the city are now under water due to a rise in sea levels.
Creators: G. Reger, J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Sean Gillies, Ryan M. Horne, Phoebe Acheson
Modifications: added type
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Halone Ins.

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 52 B4 Halone Ins.
Creators: C. Foss
Contributors: R. Talbert, Arthur De Graauw, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications:
Actors:

Halonnesos Ins.

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 56 A2 Halonnesos Ins.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger, S. Mitchell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert
Modifications:
Actors:

Hasta

An unlocated road station in coastal Etruria.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Heba

A Roman colony that was established in the third or second century B.C., Heba lay near modern Magliano. Funerary evidence indicate previous Etruscan occupation at the site.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Hecatompylos?/Komish/[(Shahr-i) Qumis]

Hecatompylos? was an ancient city in Iran that served as the capital of the Parthian Arsacid dynasty by 200 BC. Alexander passed through in 330 BC and the city eventually became part of the Seleucid empire and later a capital of the Parthian empire.
Creators: M. Roaf, E.J. Keall
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Heirkte (mountain)

A mountain, probably Monte Pellegrino (contra Manni 1981, 86-87).
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Ryan M. Horne, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Ryan M. Horne

Hekatonnesoi (islands)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 56 D3 Hekatonnesoi Inss.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger, S. Mitchell
Contributors: Sean Gillies, Perry Scalfano, R. Talbert, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Helena (island)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 59 D4 Helena Ins.
Creators: J.S. Traill
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Arthur De Graauw, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Helicon (mountain)

In Greek mythology, Helicon was the site of two springs sacred to the Muses, the Aganippe and the Hippocrene. The mountain is located near the Gulf of Corinth and rises to an elevation of 1,749 meters (5,738 ft).
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, G. Reger, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added location; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Heliopolis

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 74 E4 Heliopolis
Creators: A. Bernand
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Adam Prins, Jen Thum, Jeffrey Becker, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp, DARMC, Herbert Verreth, Mark Depauw, R. Talbert, B. Siewert-Mayer, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Hellespont

The Hellespont is a narrow strait of northwestern Turkey that connects the Aegean Sea to Propontis (Sea of Marmara). It is known today as the Dardanelles.
Creators: E.N. Borza
Contributors: R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, G. Reger, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added location; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Hemodos/Imaus/Caucasus (mountains)

The Himalayas (=Himalaya) is a mountain range of Asia that separates the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau.
Creators: M.U. Erdosy
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited description and added references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Heraia (mountain)

Monti Erei.
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Ryan M. Horne, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Ryan M. Horne

Herakleios Porthmos/Gaditanum Fretum

The Strait of Gibraltar, a narrow strait that connects the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea and separates Europe from Africa.
Creators: Jr., F.H. Stanley, R.C. Knapp
Contributors: R. Warner, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Herakleopolis

Herakleopolis (also called Herakleopolis Magna), was the captial of the Twentieth nome of Egypt.
Creators: R. Müller Wollermann
Contributors: DARMC, Gabriel McKee, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Hermon (mountain)

Hermon M. (Mount Hermon)
Creators: E.M. Meyers, J.P. Brown
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location; added reference and connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Hermonthis

An important town of the Egyptian Middle Kingdom that was enlarged during the Eighteenth Dynasty.
Creators: T. Wilfong, S.E. Sidebotham, J. Keenan
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Adam Prins, Jen Thum, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Herbert Verreth, Jonathan Fu, R. Talbert, Mark Depauw
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Hermopolis Magna/Schmun

The capital city of the Hermopolite nome (the fifteenth Nome of Upper Egypt). The ancient Egyptians called the site Khmun after the group of eight divinities (Ogdoad) that represented the primordial world.
Creators: M. Drew Bear
Contributors: DARMC, Jonathan Fu, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Heronbridge

Site of Romano-British settlement or small town
Creators: A.S. Esmonde Cleary
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Scott Vanderbilt, R. Warner, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: baseline created; initial revision
Actors: Scott Vanderbilt

(H)Erp(h)a

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 64 C3 (H)Erp(h)a
Creators: T.B. Mitford
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Hierapolis/Bambyke

Hierapolis/Bambyke was an ancient settlement of Commagene. The city was also a center for the worship of the Syrian goddess Atargatis.
Creators: T. Sinclair, P.-L. Gatier
Contributors: M. Ballance, R. Talbert, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp, DARMC, Gabriel McKee, R. Warner, Sean Gillies, B. Siewert-Mayer, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Hierichous

An ancient site in the Jordan valley with occupation beginning ca. 11,000 years BP. The tell of Hierichous (Jericho) has more than 20 settlement horizons, ranging from Natufian Hunter-Gatherers to modern.
Creators: B. Isaac
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp, DARMC, R. Talbert, B. Siewert-Mayer, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: edited description, added references and cnnxn
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Hieron (Chalkedonion)/Zeus Ourios, T.

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 53 B2 Hieron (Chalkedonion)/Zeus Ourios, T.
Creators: C. Foss
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications:
Actors:

Hosios Loukas

A tenth century walled monastery in Boeotia, Greece.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications:
Actors:

Hyblaei Colles

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 47 F4 Hyblaei Colles
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Ryan M. Horne, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Ryan M. Horne

Hydatos Potamoi/Seleukeia Pieria

The capital city of Seleucus I Nicator, established ca. 300 BC.
Creators: T. Sinclair, P.-L. Gatier
Contributors: M. Ballance, R. Talbert, Johan Åhlfeldt, Adam Prins, Jen Thum, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Herbert Verreth, R. Warner, Sean Gillies, Mark Depauw
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Hydroussa/Hydrea (island)

An island of the Aegean Sea between the Saronic and Argolic gulfs.
Creators: G. Reger, J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Arthur De Graauw, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert
Modifications: edited description, added reference and connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Hyrcanius Campus

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 56 F4 Hyrcanius Campus
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger, S. Mitchell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added type
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ichthyophagoi

Ichthyophagoi ("fish-eaters"), a people of what is now Pakistan mentioned by Nearchus.
Creators: M. Roaf
Contributors: Brian Z. Lund, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, M. Joann McDaniel, Jeffrey Becker, Mary E. Downs, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ierusalem/Hierosolyma/Col. Aelia Capitolina

The city of Jerusalem.
Creators: B. Isaac
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp, DARMC, Gabriel McKee, R. Talbert, B. Siewert-Mayer, Sarah Bond, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Iguvium

An Umbrian hilltown, Iguvium is best known as the find-spot of the Iguvine Tables.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ilium/Troia

An ancient city of northwest Anatolia with occupation ranging from the Bronze Age to the Roman period. Troy features as the central setting of Homer's Iliad.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger, S. Mitchell
Contributors: DARMC, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Stefano Costa, Tom Elliott, Pierre Motylewicz, R. Talbert
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Imbros (island)

The island of Imbros (modern Gökçeada in Turkey) was colonized by Athens in antiquity.
Creators: E.N. Borza
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Arthur De Graauw, G. Reger, Tom Elliott
Modifications: edited
Actors: Tom Elliott

Imeus (mountain)

Imeus Mons is the name given in the Peutinger Table to a pass that leads from the Fucine lake to the territory of the Peligni; the Via Valeria crossed the pass which is now known as the Forca Caruso.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Indicum Mare

The Indian Ocean.
Creators: D.T. Potts
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location; added references; edited description; edited type
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Indus/Sinthos/Phison (river)

The Indus River flows 3,180 km (1,980 mi). from the Tibetan Plateau to the Arabian Sea.
Creators: M.U. Erdosy
Contributors: R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added connection; added location; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

In Monte Carbonario

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 unlocated In Monte Carbonario
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

In Monte Grani

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 unlocated In Monte ‘Grani’
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Insubres

A Gallic tribe of Northern Italy, giving their name to the region of Insubria.
Creators: M. Pearce, P. Tozzi
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: reverse the connection with milan
Actors: Sean Gillies

Interamna Lirenas

A Latin colony founded ca. 312 B.C. along the Via Latina. The site was sacked by Samnites (ca. 294 B.C.) and subsequently by Hannibal (212 B.C.). It received Roman municipal status in 90 B.C.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Interocrium

A Sabine town that was later known as a mansio on the course of the Via Salaria.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Inveresk

The site of a Roman fort occupied during the Antonine period near present-day Musselburgh in East Lothian.
Creators: A.S. Esmonde Cleary
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Scott Vanderbilt, R. Warner, Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: baseline created; initial revision
Actors: Scott Vanderbilt

Ionios Kolpos/Tarentinus Sinus

Ionios Kolpos/Tarentinus Sinus (Gulf of Taranto) is a gulf of the Ionian Sea.
Creators: I.E.M. Edlund Berry, A.M. Small
Contributors: Sean Gillies, Perry Scalfano, R. Talbert, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications:
Actors:

Ios (island)

One of the Cycladic Islands.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger
Contributors: R. Talbert, Arthur De Graauw, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications:
Actors:

Ioulis

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 58 G2 Ioulis
Creators: G. Reger, J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Italica

A city in Spain founded in 206 B.C. by Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus as a site at which to settle Roman soldiers wounded in the Battle of Ilipa.
Creators: Jr., F.H. Stanley, R.C. Knapp
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, R. Warner, Sean Gillies
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ithaca (island)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 54 C5 Ithaca Ins.
Creators: W.M. Murray
Contributors: R. Talbert, Arthur De Graauw, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications:
Actors:

Ithome/Thamiai

A town in the Hestiaiotis region between Metropolis and Gomphoi.
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, G. Reger, R. Talbert
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kalaureia (island)

An island near the coast of Troezen in the Peloponnesus.
Creators: G. Reger, J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Arthur De Graauw, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kalkriese

The presumptive archaeological site of the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest (A.D. 9).
Creators: J.H.F. Bloemers
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kallipolis

A city of the Rhodian Peraea located close to the gulf of Kos.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kalmunai

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 5 inset Kalmunai
Creators: M.U. Erdosy
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kalymna (island)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 61 E3 Kalymna Ins.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Arthur De Graauw, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert
Modifications: added location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kane (mountain)

Kara Dağ, near Çandarlı.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger, S. Mitchell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Ryan M. Horne, Tom Elliott
Modifications: location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Ryan M. Horne

Kanobikon Stoma

The western-most ancient mouth of the Nile river, located just east of the city of Canopus. It was fed by the Canopic (Kanobikos) branch of the Nile and emptied into the Canopic Gulf (Kanopikos Kolpos).
Creators: A. Bernand
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference and connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kanobikos (river)

The western-most ancient branch of the Nile river in the Delta, terminating in the Mediterranean via the "Canopic mouth" (Kanobikon Stoma).
Creators: A. Bernand
Contributors: Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp, R. Talbert, B. Siewert-Mayer, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kantharion Pr.

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 61 D2 Kantharion Pr.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added connection; added location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Karnak

A large temple complex in Egypt, associated with the ancient site of Thebes and Luxor and inscribed together with them on the UNESCO World Heritage list.
Creators: T. Wilfong, S.E. Sidebotham, J. Keenan
Contributors: R. Talbert, Johan Åhlfeldt, Adam Prins, Jen Thum, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Gabriel McKee, Herbert Verreth, Sean Gillies, Mark Depauw
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Tom Elliott

Karpasiai (islands)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 72 E1 Karpasiai Inss.
Creators: D. Rupp
Contributors: R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Perry Scalfano, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Karpathion Mare

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 61 E5 Karpathion Mare
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added type
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Karpathos (island)

Karpathos, part of the Dodecanese, lies between Crete and Rhodes in the southern Aegean Sea.
Creators: J. Bennet, G. Reger
Contributors: R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Arthur De Graauw, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Karphi

An archaeological site in the Dikti Mountains of Crete that was the location of a post-Bronze Age 'refuge' settlement of Minoan and Mycenaean peoples.
Creators: J. Bennet, G. Reger
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location; created place
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Karthaia

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 58 G2 Karthaia
Creators: G. Reger, J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kasthaneia

A settlement in Thessaly mentioned by Herodotus, Kasthaneia is most likely at the site of modern Keramidi.
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, G. Reger, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added location; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kathaioi/Xathroi

The Kathaioi/Xathroi were a people of ancient India subjugated by Alexander the Great. Their territory lay in the Punjab either to the east of the Hydraotes or between the Hydaspes and Acesines rivers.
Creators: M.U. Erdosy
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added type
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kavousi Kastro

An archaeological site (ancient name unknown) overlooking the Gulf of Mirabello in eastern Crete, not far from the modern town of Kavousi and the ancient site now known as Azoria (q.v.). BAtlas 60 E2 Kavousi (sic).
Creators: J. Bennet, G. Reger
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Keos (island)

One of the islands of the Cyclades.
Creators: G. Reger, J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Arthur De Graauw, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added location; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kerameikos

A district of ancient Athens located northwest of the Acropolis, the Kerameikos takes its name from the potters' workshops in the area; the portion of the district lying outside the Dipylon Gate served as a necropolis.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications:
Actors:

Kerketeus (mountain)

A mountain on Samos.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger
Contributors: R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Ryan M. Horne, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Ryan M. Horne

Khrysomilia

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 61 C2 Khrysomilia
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kimaros Pr.

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 60 A1 Kimaros Pr.
Creators: J. Bennet, G. Reger
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kimolos (island)

Kimolos Ins. (Kimolos) is an island in the Aegean Sea that is part of the Cyclades.
Creators: J. Bennet, G. Reger
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Arthur De Graauw, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kinnamomophoros Chora

Strabo dubs the territory around around Cape Guardafui as the "Land of Cinnamon".
Creators: D.T. Potts
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kirra

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 55 C4 Kirra
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, G. Reger, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kleides (islands)

An archipelago extending from the northeast tip of the Karpas Peninsula on the island of Cyprus.
Creators: D. Rupp
Contributors: R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Perry Scalfano, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Koile Syria/Massyas

Koile Syria/Massyas is a Hellenistic name for a region of Syria.
Creators: J.P. Brown, P.-L. Gatier
Contributors: R. Warner, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kophen/Koa (river)

The Kabul River follows a course of ca. 700 km from the Hindu Kush Mountains to the Indus River near Attock, Pakistan.
Creators: M.U. Erdosy
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location; edited description, added references and cnnxn
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Korama

A settlement in Cappadocia located among "fairy chimney" rock formations.
Creators: S. Mitchell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Korax (mountain)

An ancient mountain of Aetolia, known today as Giona. Some ancient sources, echoed or interpreted by modern commentators, seem also to include or alternately identify the nearby mountain known today as Vardousia, although most recent scholarship rejects this notion. A peak of Vardousia (Βαρδούσια) seems to have acquired variants of the name "Korax" in modern times.
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, G. Reger, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Koresia/Arsinoe

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 58 G2 Koresia/Arsinoe
Creators: G. Reger, J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Korsiai?

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 61 C2 Korsiai?
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Korsiai (islands)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 61 C2 Korsiai Inss.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, Perry Scalfano, R. Talbert
Modifications: added connection; added location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kos/Cos (island)

A large island in the Aegean Sea, lying off the modern Turkish coast near Bodrum (ancient Halicarnassus).
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added connection; added location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kothon

The Kothon harbor is an artificial port basin of the Punic phase of the island, dating to the sixth century B.C.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:
Modifications:
Actors:

Krenides/Philippi/Col. Augusta Iulia Philippensis

An ancient city founded as Philippi by the king of Macedon, Philip II of Macedon on the site of the Thasian colony of Krinides.
Creators: E.N. Borza
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, G. Reger, R. Talbert, Johan Åhlfeldt
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kreusis

Ancient Kreusis was the market town for Thespiae and was located on the slope of Mt. Korombili, near the modern town of Livadhostro.
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, G. Reger, R. Talbert
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kriou Metopon

Cape Krios (Akra Krios), the southwestern corner of the island of Crete.
Creators: J. Bennet, G. Reger
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert
Modifications: added location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Krokodilopolis/Ptolemais Euergetis

An ancient city in the Heptanomis and the capital of Arsinoites nome. The ancient Egyptian name of the site was Shedyet and in Pharaonic times it was a major cult center for the god Sobek.
Creators: R. Müller Wollermann
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jen Thum, Jeffrey Becker, H. Kopp, Herbert Verreth, B. Siewert-Mayer, Mark Depauw, R. Talbert, Johan Åhlfeldt, Adam Prins, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Krokrion Pedion

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 55 D2 Krokrion Pedion
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: R. Talbert, G. Reger, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited type
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Krommy(ak)on Pr.

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 72 B2 Krommy(ak)on Pr.
Creators: D. Rupp
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kydonia

An ancient settlement on Crete inhabited since the Neolithic period, Kydonia has been a major center of Minoan, Greek, and Byzantine civilization.
Creators: J. Bennet, G. Reger
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kynopolis

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 74 E3 Kynopolis
Creators: A. Bernand
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Labyrinthos

Labyrinthos is a name applied by Greek authors, notably Herodotus and Strabo, to describe a monumental funerary temple at Hawara.
Creators: R. Müller Wollermann
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Adam Prins, Jen Thum, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Herbert Verreth, R. Talbert, Mark Depauw
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Laconicus Sinus

Laconicus Sinus is a gulf located in the southeastern Peloponnese of Greece.
Creators: G. Reger, J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: Sean Gillies, Perry Scalfano, R. Talbert, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications:
Actors:

La Giostra

A fortified site on the Via Appia dating to the Republican period.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added connection; added references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Lagousa (island)

The island of Kardiotissa in the Aegean Sea.
Creators: J. Bennet, G. Reger
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Noah Kaye, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

La Graufesenque

La Graufesenque is the name of an archaeological site located in southern France at the point of the confluence of the Tarn and Dourbie rivers. The archaeological site is across the river valley from Millau, known in antiquity at Condatomagus. The site was famous for its large-scale production of high quality red terra sigillata pottery. This was produced in enormous quantities and exported across the western Roman world. Production of this type began in the reign of Augustus.
Creators: H.S. Sivan, S.J. Keay, R.W. Mathisen
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Lagussa Ins.

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 65 B4 Lagussa Ins.
Creators: C. Foss, S. Mitchell
Contributors: mkaye, R. Talbert, Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Noah Kaye, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Lak(e)ter Pr.

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 61 E4 Lak(e)ter Pr.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Ryan M. Horne, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added connection; added location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Latopolis

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 80 B3 Latopolis
Creators: T. Wilfong, S.E. Sidebotham, J. Keenan
Contributors: R. Talbert, Adam Prins, Jen Thum, Bruno Bazzani, Jeffrey Becker, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp, DARMC, Herbert Verreth, Francis Deblauwe, Sean Gillies, B. Siewert-Mayer, Mark Depauw, Eric Kansa
Modifications: added location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Lebinthos (island)

An island of the Sporades, lying east of Amorgos.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Arthur De Graauw, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert
Modifications:
Actors:

Lelant(i)on Pedion

A plain on the island of Euboea located between Chalcis and Eretria.
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: G. Reger, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added name; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Lemnos (island)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 56 A2 Lemnos Ins.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger, S. Mitchell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, Perry Scalfano, R. Talbert
Modifications: initial revision
Actors: Tom Elliott

Leptymnos (mountain)

Korakas, on Lesbos.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger, S. Mitchell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Ryan M. Horne, Tom Elliott
Modifications: location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Ryan M. Horne

Les Vaux de la Celle

An ancient Gallo-Roman sanctuary near modern Genainville (France), with excavated remains of a temple, nymphaeum, and theater: BAtlas 11 B3 Génainville (sic)
Creators: J. Kunow, C. Haselgrove
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Johan Åhlfeldt, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: corrected spelling errors in description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Leuca/Portus Sallentinus

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 45 inset Leuca/Portus Sallentinus
Creators: I.E.M. Edlund Berry, A.M. Small
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Ryan M. Horne, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications:
Actors:

Leucas (island)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 54 C4 Leucas Ins.
Creators: W.M. Murray
Contributors: R. Talbert, Arthur De Graauw, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications:
Actors:

Leuka (mountain)

Leuka M., a mountain range of Western Crete, located in the Chania prefecture.
Creators: J. Bennet, G. Reger
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Ryan M. Horne, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Ryan M. Horne

Leukata(s) Pr./Leukas Petra

A promontory at the southwest shoreline of Leucas
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications:
Actors:

Libanus M.

A mountain range of northern Syria that is between the Mediterranean coastline and the Antilibanos mountains of the interior.
Creators: E.M. Meyers, J.P. Brown
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location; added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Liternum

An ancient city of Campania located near the mouth of the Volturnus river; a Roman colony was established at Liternum in 194 B.C. The site is most famous as the location of the villa of Scipio Africanus, as described by Seneca.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Lorium

An ancient town on the Via Aurelia.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Luca

Luca (the modern Lucca) was originally an Etruscan settlement that became a Roman colony ca. 180 B.C.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Luceria/Noukeria (Apoulon)

Luceria/Noukeria (Apoulon) was originally a Daunian city. It was named as a Colonia Togata in 320 B.C. and came to play a significant role in the Second Punic War. Constans II sacked the town in A.D. 663.
Creators: I.E.M. Edlund Berry, A.M. Small
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Lucus Feroniae

A sanctuary and grove of Feronia and an associated settlement located along the Via Tiberina in the territory of Capena.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, Jonathan Weiland, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Lydia/Maionia (region)

Lydia was a region in Western Asia Minor, situation between Ionia on the west, Caria on the south, Phrygia on the east, and Mysia on the north. It was home to an Iron Age kingdom (q.v), and gave its name to a succession of administrative areas of the Roman empire and other states.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger, S. Mitchell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Lykaion (mountain)

Lykaion.
Creators: G. Reger, J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications:
Actors:

Lykopolis/Siout

A city of the west bank of the Nile, Lykopolis/Siout was the capital of the Thirteenth Nome of Upper Egypt (Lycopolites Nome) around 3100 B.C.
Creators: M. Drew Bear
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jen Thum, Jeffrey Becker, H. Kopp, Herbert Verreth, B. Siewert-Mayer, Mark Depauw, R. Talbert, Johan Åhlfeldt, Adam Prins, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Maka/Maketa

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 3 G4 Maka/Maketa
Creators: M. Roaf
Contributors: Brian Z. Lund, R. Talbert, Mary E. Downs, M. Joann McDaniel, Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added type
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Manliana

Now unlocated, Manliana was situated along the Via Aemilia Scauri near Populonia.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Mareotis L.

A brackish lake of Lower Egypt (now Lake Mariout).
Creators: A. Bernand
Contributors: R. Talbert, Jeffrey Becker, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp, DARMC, Sean Gillies, B. Siewert-Mayer, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Maroneus (mountain)

Pizzo Carbonara, in the Madonie.
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Ryan M. Horne, Tom Elliott
Modifications: location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Ryan M. Horne

Marpessa (mountain)

A mountain on Paros.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Ryan M. Horne, Tom Elliott
Modifications: location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Ryan M. Horne

Marruvium

Ancient Marruvium was the principal city of the Italic tribe of the Marsi.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Marta (river)

The Marta river flows from Lake Bolsena to the Tyrrhenian Sea. Its course flows past both Tuscania and Tarquinia and enters the Tyrrhenian Sea near Lido di Tarquinia.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Masabadan/Massabatene

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 92 B3 Masabadan/Massabatene
Creators: A. Hausleiter, M. Roaf, E.J. Keall
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added type
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Masianoi

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 6 B3 Masianoi
Creators: M.U. Erdosy
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added type
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Massaka

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 6 C3 Massaka
Creators: M.U. Erdosy
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added type
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Massicus

Mons Massicus, a mountain ridge of ancient Italy, in the territory of the Aurunci, at the border of Latium and Campania.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Maternum

Maternum was a settlement of ancient Etruria that is known from the Peutinger Table. It is located along the Via Clodia between Saturnia and Tuscana.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Mausoleum at Halicarnassus

The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus is a tomb built between 353 and 350 B.C. for Mausolus, a satrap in the Persian Empire. Antipater of Sidon identified it as one of his Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors: Sean Gillies
Modifications:
Actors:

Mausoleum Augusti

A monumental tomb built in the Campus Martius at Rome by Augustus and dedicated in 28 B.C. The mausoleum served as a family tomb for the Iulio-Claudians.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added location; created place
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Mausoleum of Romulus

Tomb of Valerius Romulus (ca. AD 292/295 – 309), son of Maxentius, along the Via Appia.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Brady Kiesling
Modifications: added connection; added location; created place
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Media/Mad(aya) (region)

Media/Mad(aya) was a region of northwestern Iran.
Creators: A. Hausleiter, M. Roaf, E.J. Keall
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added type
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Medinet Habu

The New Kingdom mortuary temple of Ramesses III at Medinet Habu, on the West bank of the Nile near Luxor.
Creators: Nate Nagy
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Mediolan(i)um

A Celtic settlement and crossroads, later a Western Roman capital. Now modern Milan, Italy.
Creators: M. Pearce, P. Tozzi
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, R. Talbert, David Mimno
Modifications: add connection to the insubres; improve description, adds refs and connection
Actors: Sean Gillies

Megaloi Theoi, T.

The "Sanctuary of the great gods" on the island of Samothrace, one of the chief Panhellenic sanctuaries of the ancient Greek world.
Creators: E.N. Borza
Contributors: G. Reger, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications:
Actors:

Meidum

Meidum is located in the desert south of Cairo and is the site of numerous mudbrick mastabas and a pyramid.
Creators: R. Müller Wollermann
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Melos (island)

Melos is a volcanic island in the Cyclades and in prehistoric times served as an important source of obsidian in the Aegean Sea. Substantial remains of Bronze Age and Greco-Roman civilizations have been excavated on the island.
Creators: G. Reger, J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: Georgios Tsolakis, Gabriel McKee, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Arthur De Graauw, Tom Elliott
Modifications:
Actors:

Memnon Colossi

Two seated, colossal statues of the Pharaoh Amenhotep III at a site on the west bank of the Nile river.
Creators: T. Wilfong, S.E. Sidebotham, J. Keenan
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location; edited description, added references and cnnxn
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Memnonia

An archaeological site in the Theban Hills on the West Bank of the Nile river opposite Luxor, Egypt. The location is best known for the Mortuary Temple of Ramesses III.
Creators: T. Wilfong, S.E. Sidebotham, J. Keenan
Contributors: R. Talbert, Adam Prins, Jen Thum, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Herbert Verreth, Sean Gillies, Mark Depauw
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Memphis

A city and capital of Ancient Egypt that remained an important center for most of Egyptian history.
Creators: R. Müller Wollermann
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jen Thum, Jeffrey Becker, Iris Fernandez, H. Kopp, Herbert Verreth, B. Siewert-Mayer, Mark Depauw, R. Talbert, Adam Prins, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Jonathan Fu, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: added references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Mendesion Stoma

The third eastern-most ancient mouth of the Nile river.
Creators: A. Bernand
Contributors: Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp, R. Talbert, B. Siewert-Mayer, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: added reference and connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Meninx/Lotophagitis/Girba Ins.

Meninx/Lotophagitis/Girba Ins. (modern Djerba) is the largest island of North Africa.
Creators: D.J. Mattingly
Contributors: Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added location; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Meros (mountain)

Tirich Mir is the highest mountain of the Hindu Kush mountain range.
Creators: M.U. Erdosy
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added connection; added location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Midea

An ancient site in the Argolid in Greece, it shares a name with the neighboring modern town.
Creators: G. Reger, J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, James Newhard, Tom Elliott
Modifications: edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Miletopolitis/Apolloniatis/Artynia L.

A freshwater lake in the vicinity of Bursa, Turkey.
Creators: C. Foss
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Mimas (mountain)

Boz Dağ.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger, S. Mitchell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Ryan M. Horne, Tom Elliott
Modifications: location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Ryan M. Horne

Minoa Ins.

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 58 E2 Minoa Ins.
Creators: G. Reger, J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Arthur De Graauw, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert
Modifications:
Actors:

Minthe (mountain)

Minthe.
Creators: G. Reger, J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications:
Actors:

Misenum (promontory)

A promontory that sheltered the ancient Portus Julius, the harborage of the Roman western imperial fleet. The feature takes its name from Misenus, one of the sailors aboard Aeneas' ship.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications:
Actors:

Mithymna?

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 60 A1 Mithymna?
Creators: J. Bennet, G. Reger
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Moeris (lake)

Moeris Lacus (Lake Moeris) was an ancient lake in the northwestern part of the Fayuum Oasis in Egypt; its surviving modern remnant is Birket Qarun.
Creators: R. Müller Wollermann
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Adam Prins, Jen Thum, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, Herbert Verreth, R. Talbert, Mark Depauw
Modifications: added location; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Mogontiacum

The original Roman settlement at Mogontiacum (modern Mainz) was established by Drusus ca. 13/12 BC. The settlement became an important military center throughout Roman times and was the base of operations for numerous Roman legions.
Creators: C. Haselgrove, J. Kunow
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Monte del Grano

Monte del Grano is a popular name that was assigned to a mausoleum once thought to belong to Alexander Severus, although that assignation is no longer supported. The archaeological remains are now part of the Parco XVII Aprile 1944.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Monteverde

The hill of Monteverde, a part of the Ianiculum hill to the west of the Tiber river, was a source of a brown, lithoid tuff (tufo di Monteverde) that was quarried for use as a building material from the second century BC.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Mosul/‘Mespila’?

An ancient city located across the Tigris river from the site of Nineveh. Modern Mosul in Iraq.
Creators: M. Roaf, T. Sinclair, S.E. Kroll, St J. Simpson
Contributors: R. Talbert, Jeffrey Becker, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp, DARMC, Sean Gillies, B. Siewert-Mayer, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: description, references, connections
Actors: Tom Elliott

Mount Nebo

A mountain in Jordan rising to ca. 817 meters (2680 feet) above sea level, Mount Nebo is connected with the Hebrew prophet Moses and a Christian site (4th century AD) stands on its summit.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: edited
Actors: Tom Elliott

Mousikanoi

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 6 B4 Mousikanoi
Creators: M.U. Erdosy
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added type
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Mumrills

Mumrills was the site of the largest Roman fort on the Antonine Wall.
Creators: A.S. Esmonde Cleary
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Scott Vanderbilt, R. Warner, Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: baseline created
Actors: Scott Vanderbilt

Mycale (mountain)

Samsun Dağ.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger
Contributors: R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Mykoi/Macae

An ancient people who lived on the Arabian peninsula south of the Strait of Hormuz and may have been Persian subjects.
Creators: D.T. Potts
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location; edited description; edited type
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Mykonos (island)

Mykonos is part of the Cyclades island group in the Aegean Sea.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger
Contributors: R. Talbert, adegraauw, Jeffrey Becker, Arthur De Graauw, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Myonnesos Ins.

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 61 D1 Myonnesos Ins.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert
Modifications: added location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Myos Hormos?

Myos Hormos was a port on the Red Sea built by the Ptolemies in the third century BC.
Creators: T. Wilfong, S.E. Sidebotham, J. Keenan
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Adam Prins, Jen Thum, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Herbert Verreth, R. Talbert, Mark Depauw
Modifications: added name; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Mytilene

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 56 D3 Mytilene
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger, S. Mitchell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Napata

Napata was a Nubian city-state located on the west bank of the Nile River and founded in the fifteenth century B.C.
Creators: N.B. Millet
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added connection; added references; added uwhs; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Naucratis

Naucratis was a city of the Nile river delta, located on the Canopic branch. Capital of Ptolemaic Egypt, Naucratis was the site of permanent Greek habitation from the sixth century BC onward.
Creators: A. Bernand
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Adam Prins, Jen Thum, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Herbert Verreth, Jonathan Fu, R. Talbert, Mark Depauw
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Naumachia

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 43 B2 Naumachia
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Naupactus

Originally a city of the Ozolian Locrians, Naupactus eventually fell to Athens; under Macedonian rule Philip II ceded it to the Aetolians.
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, G. Reger, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Naxos (island)

Naxos is the largest of the Cycladic islands and was the center of the Cycladic civilization.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger
Contributors: R. Talbert, Perry Scalfano, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Nebo Mons

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 71 B2 Nebo Mons
Creators: S.T. Parker
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Sarah Bond, Tom Elliott
Modifications: baseline created; connection, credit for same
Actors: Tom Elliott

Nebrodes M.

Nebrodes M. are a major mountain range on the island of Sicily.
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Ryan M. Horne, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Ryan M. Horne

Nekhen/Hierakonpolis

The ritual and political capital of Upper Egypt at the end of the Predynastic period and the Early Dynastic Period, with occupation beginning as early as Naqada I. The site was an important ritual center for the worship of Horus.
Creators: T. Wilfong, S.E. Sidebotham, J. Keenan
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Johan Åhlfeldt, Adam Prins, Jen Thum, Bruno Bazzani, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Herbert Verreth, Sean Gillies, Mark Depauw
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Nepet

Nepet had become a Roman town before 396 B.C. when Livy dubs it, along with Sutrium, as one of the "keys" to Etruria. It became a Roman colony in 383 B.C. and a municipium after the Social War.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Nesis (island)

A volcanic islet of the Phlegraean Islands archipelago, Nesis was in antiquity the site of many elite seaside villas.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Arthur De Graauw, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: baseline created
Actors: Arthur De Graauw

Nesope Ins.

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 56 B3 Nesope Ins.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger, S. Mitchell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Arthur De Graauw, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert
Modifications:
Actors:

Nicomedia

Nicomedia was founded in 712/11 BC as a Megarian colony named Astacus and was rebuilt by Nicomedes I of Bithynia in 264 BC. The city was an important administrative center of the Roman Empire.
Creators: C. Foss
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Francis Deblauwe, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Eric Kansa, Brady Kiesling, H. Kopp, W. Röllig, B. Siewert-Mayer, R. Talbert, Johan Åhlfeldt
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Nigritae

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 29 E3 Nigritae
Creators: T.W. Potter
Contributors: R. Warner, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added type
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Nilus (river)

The Nile is a major river of northeastern Africa and is generally acknowledged as the longest river in the world, measuring some 6,650 km (4,130 miles) from source to mouth.
Creators: A. Bernand
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Jeffrey Becker, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp, Sean Gillies, B. Siewert-Mayer, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: added connection and edited description; added name; edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Nineveh/Ninos

This important Mesopotamian city flanks the eastern edge of the Tigris flood plain, opposite modern Mosul, of which it is now a suburb. From the third millennium B.C. onwards, Nineveh was the most important religious center of the goddess Ištar in the area that would become the Assyrian heartland. Starting in the Middle Assyrian period, the city came under the authority of the kings of Assyria, who often sponsored large-scale building activities there. However, it was not until 704 B.C. that Nineveh became the administrative capital of Assyria, when the Neo-Assyrian king Sennacherib moved the royal family and court there and transformed the city into a thriving imperial metropolis. Nineveh remained Assyria’s capital until 612 B.C., when it was captured and destroyed by a Babylonian-Median collation led by Nabopolassar and Cyaxares. The visible remains of the (7th-century) Assyrian city include the citadel mound Kuyunjik, the smaller mound of Nebi Yunus, and the twelve-kilometer-long city wall.
Creators: M. Roaf, T. Sinclair, S.E. Kroll, St J. Simpson
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Valeria Vitale, Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Gabriel Bodard, R. Talbert, Francis Deblauwe
Modifications: ; baseline created; description, wikipedia reference
Actors: Tom Elliott

Niphates (mountain)

A mountain range in Armenia, belonging to the eastern Taurus massif.
Creators: M. Roaf, T. Sinclair, S.E. Kroll, St J. Simpson
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Nola

The city of Nola (Nuvlana) is considered one of the oldest in Campania. Under Augustus the settlement became a Roman colony; it was the spot where Augustus died in A.D. 14.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Johan Åhlfeldt, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Nomentum

The Latin town of Nomentum and Rome were linked by means of the Via Nomentana. In Livy's history the town, a member of the Latin League, is captured by Lucius Tarquinius Priscus. Nomentum was one of a number of towns captured by Tarquinius. The Romans granted the town civitas sine suffragio after 338 B.C.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description; edited reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Notou Keras/Aromata Pr.

Cape Guardafui is a headland in the northeastern Bari province of Somalia.
Creators: D.T. Potts
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Nuraghe la Prisciona

A nuragic site of northeast Sardinia, occupied from the fourteenth until the ninth century BC. At its height the complex covers ca. five hectares.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications:
Actors:

Oeta M.

A mountain range of southern Phthiotis and northern Phocis in Greece, Oeta is celebrated in mythology as the site of Herakles' death.
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: R. Talbert, G. Reger, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Olgassys (mountain)

Ilgaz Dağları.
Creators: C. Foss
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Oliaros (island)

Oliaros Ins. (modern Antiparos) is an inhabited island in the southern Aegean Sea and part of the Cyclades.
Creators: J. Bennet, G. Reger
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Arthur De Graauw, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Olympos (mountain)

Ag. Elias, on Lesbos.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger, S. Mitchell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Ryan M. Horne, Tom Elliott
Modifications: location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Ryan M. Horne

Orchomenos

The so-called "Arcadian Orchomenos", located near a modern village in the Peloponnese that, until the 1960s, was known as Kalpaki.
Creators: G. Reger, J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: DARMC, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, Joshua Sosin, R. Talbert
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Othrys (mountain)

A mountain of central Greece located in the northeastern part of Phthiotis, Othrys M. was the bastion of the Titans in Greek mythology.
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: R. Talbert, G. Reger, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Oxeiai/Thoai (islands)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 54 D5 Oxeiai/Thoai Inss.
Creators: W.M. Murray
Contributors: R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Arthur De Graauw, Tom Elliott
Modifications:
Actors:

Oxyrhynchus/Pemje

A city of Upper Egypt, Oxyrhynchus/Pemje is particularly well known as an archaeological site that has produced important papyrus manuscripts of ancient texts.
Creators: R. Müller Wollermann
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Adam Prins, Jen Thum, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Herbert Verreth, Jonathan Fu, R. Talbert, Mark Depauw
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pachynum Pr.

A promontory of extreme southeastern Sicily.
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Valeria Vitale, Jonathan Prag, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications:
Actors:

Padus/Eridanus (river)

The Po river of northern Italy flows from the Cottian Alps (Alpes Cottiae) to the Adriatic Sea. It is the longest of Italy's rivers.
Creators: M. Pearce, R. Peretto, P. Tozzi
Contributors: R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pagasaeus/Demetriacus Sinus

The Pagasetic Gulf.
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, G. Reger, Perry Scalfano, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Palace of Mausolos at Bodrum

The fortified Palace of Mausolos at Bodrum.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors: Sean Gillies
Modifications:
Actors:

(Palai)Paphos

Located on Cyprus, Paphos has been inhabited since the Neolithic period and was an important cult center of Aphrodite.
Creators: D. Rupp
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott, DARMC, R. Talbert, Jonathan Fu
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pale

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 54 B5 Pale
Creators: W.M. Murray
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, Pierre Motylewicz, R. Talbert
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Palibothra

A key ancient city of north central India, Palibothra reached its cultural peak during the third century BC under Asoka.
Creators: M.U. Erdosy
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

*Pallanum

An ancient settlement of the Frentani located on Monte Pallano.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications:
Actors:

Pangaion (mountain)

Mt. Pangion.
Creators: E.N. Borza
Contributors: R. Talbert, G. Reger, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pan(h)ormus

First founded in 734 BC by the Phoenicians as Ziz, Pan(h)ormus (modern Palermo) was an important ancient city of the Greek, Roman, and Arabic civilizations.
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Valeria Vitale, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Jonathan Prag, R. Talbert, Jonathan Fu
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Panopeos/Phanotis

A city of Phocis on the Boeotian frontier.
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, G. Reger, R. Talbert
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Panopolis/Schmin

Capital city of the ninth (Chemmite) nome of Upper Egypt.
Creators: M. Drew Bear
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Johan Åhlfeldt
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Parentium

Ancient Parentium, now Poreč, Croatia, was a city on the western coast of the Istrian peninsula. There is archaeological evidence of Illyrian settlement from the Bronze Age onward. The site factors in Roman campaigns of the second century BC. The settlement became an oppidum civium Romanorum and then was advanced to municipium by Augustus. Tiberius dubbed it Colonia Iulia Parentium in the first century AD.
Creators: M. Šašel Kos, P. Kos
Contributors: Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Nathalie Prévôt, R. Talbert, Francis Tassaux
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Parnassus (mountain)

A mountain of central Greece located north of the Gulf of Corinth. In Greek mythology Parnassus was sacred to Apollo and was the home of the Muses.
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: G. Reger, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Paropamisos/Caucasus M.

The Hindu Kush mountain range of Afghanistan and Pakistan.
Creators: M.U. Erdosy
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Paros (island)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 61 A3 Paros Ins.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger
Contributors: R. Talbert, Arthur De Graauw, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Parthyene/Parthia

A region of northeastern Iran connected with the Arsacid dynasty, rulers of the Parthian Empire.
Creators: M. Roaf, E.J. Keall
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pathyris/Aphroditopolis (settlement)

Pathyris/Aphroditopolis is known especially for its necropolis where material ranges in date from the Predynastic Period to the Middle Kingdom. In the 160s BC Ptolemy VI Philometor established a military outpost at the site that was destroyed in the first century BC.
Creators: T. Wilfong, S.E. Sidebotham, J. Keenan
Contributors: Hugh Cayless, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jen Thum, Jeffrey Becker, H. Kopp, Herbert Verreth, B. Siewert-Mayer, Mark Depauw, R. Talbert, Adam Prins, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: edited description, added references and cnnxn
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pauravas

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 6 C3 Pauravas
Creators: M.U. Erdosy
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added type
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pelinnaion (mountain)

A mountain on Khios.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger, S. Mitchell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Ryan M. Horne, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Ryan M. Horne

Pelousiakon Stoma

The easternmost ancient mouth of the Nile River, fed via the now-defunct "Pelusiakos potamos" branch of the river and emptying into the "Pelousiakos Kolpos", a bay on the Mediterranean near the ancient settlement of Pelusium/Pelousion.
Creators: A. Bernand
Contributors: R. Talbert, Jeffrey Becker, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp, Sean Gillies, B. Siewert-Mayer, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: added reference and connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pentelikon/Brilessos (mountain)

Pentelikon/Brilessos is a mountain to the northeast of Athens that was famous for its fine-grained marble.
Creators: J.S. Traill
Contributors: Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Peparethus (island)

An island of the western Aegean Sea (modern Skopelos).
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Arthur De Graauw, G. Reger, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added connection; added location; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Perge

An ancient Greek city of Asia Minor and capital of Pamphylia.
Creators: C. Foss, S. Mitchell
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, R. Talbert, Jonathan Fu
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Persicus Sinus/Erythr(ae)um Mare

The Persian Gulf is located in Western Asia between Persia and the Arabian Peninsula.
Creators: M. Roaf
Contributors: Sean Gillies, M. Joann McDaniel, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, Brian Z. Lund, R. Talbert, Mary E. Downs, Perry Scalfano
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Petaliai (islands)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 58 G2 Petaliai Inss.
Creators: G. Reger, J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: R. Talbert, Arthur De Graauw, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Petra

Capital city of the Nabataeans located on the slope of Mount Hor.
Creators: S.T. Parker
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Adam Prins, Jen Thum, Jeffrey Becker, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp, DARMC, Herbert Verreth, Mark Depauw, R. Talbert, B. Siewert-Mayer, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Phabra (island)

The island of Fleves in the Saronic Gulf.
Creators: J.S. Traill
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Arthur De Graauw, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added location; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Phaistos

An ancient settlement on Crete where occupation began ca. 3000 B.C., Phaistos was a major center of the Minoan civilization and continued to be a Greek city of the first millennium B.C.
Creators: J. Bennet, G. Reger
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Stefano Costa, Adam Rabinowitz, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Ciara L. Wisecup, Thomas Focht, R. Talbert, Lewin Ernest Staine
Modifications: added connection; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Phalacrinae

A Roman town in which the emperor Vespasian was born in A.D. 9.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Phatnitikon Stoma

The middle mouth of the Nile river in antiquity and a part of the Nile Delta.
Creators: A. Bernand
Contributors: R. Talbert, Jeffrey Becker, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp, Sean Gillies, B. Siewert-Mayer, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: added location; added references and connection; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Phoenice (region)

Ancient Phoenicia.
Creators: E.M. Meyers, J.P. Brown
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Phoenicium Mare

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 68 A2 Phoenicium Mare
Creators: J.P. Brown, P.-L. Gatier
Contributors: R. Warner, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added type
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Phoinikon

An ancient place.
Creators: D.J. Mattingly
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added type
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

P(h)ygela

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 61 E2 P(h)ygela
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Johan Åhlfeldt, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pianabella

A large Christian basilica discovered in 1976 several hundred meters southeast of the Porta Laurentina of Ostia. The original phase dates to the end of the fourth century A.D.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pide

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 81 unlocated Pide
Creators: S.M. Burstein
Contributors: R. Talbert, Adam Prins, Jen Thum, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, Herbert Verreth, D. Borough, Sean Gillies, Mark Depauw
Modifications: added connection; added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pikrai Limnai

The Small Bitter Lake is a salt water lake in the Sinai.
Creators: A. Bernand
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pikrai Limnai

The Great Bitter Lake is a salt water lake in the Sinai.
Creators: A. Bernand
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pindus (mountain range)

A large mountain range in north and central Greece.
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Ryan M. Horne, Jeffrey Becker, G. Reger, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pitinum

An ancient center of the Vestini.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pityoussa/Lampsacus

A Greek city located on the eastern side of the Hellespont.
Creators: E.N. Borza
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, G. Reger, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Plataea

Plataea is an ancient city of Boeotia, located south of Thebes. In 479 BC Plataea was the site of the Battle of Plataea, in which an allied Greek army defeated the Persians. Plataea was destroyed in the Peloponnesian War by Thebes and Sparta in 427 BC and rebuilt in 386 BC.
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, G. Reger, R. Talbert, Johan Åhlfeldt
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Polyaigos (island)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 60 C5 Polyaigos Ins.
Creators: J. Bennet, G. Reger
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Arthur De Graauw, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pompeo

A villa attributed to Cnaeus Pompeius.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pomptinae Paludes

The Pomptinae Paludes (Pontine Marshes) is an area of former marshland in Latium.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pons Aemilius

The Pons Aemilius was the first stone bridge across the Tiber river at Rome (241 B.C.). Its remains are known today as the 'Ponte Rotto'.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pons Mulvius

Pons Mulvius (the Milvian Bridge) is a Roman bridge over the Tiber river. The original phase of the bridge dates to the consulship of Gaius Claudius Nero in 206 B.C. The bridge is most famous as the site of a decisive battle between Maxentius and Constantine I fought in A.D. 312.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ponte Mammolo

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 43 C2 Ponte Mammolo
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added type, connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Por(d)oselene/Nasos

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 56 D3 Por(d)oselene/Nasos
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger, S. Mitchell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Porouaroi?

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 6 D5 Porouaroi?
Creators: M.U. Erdosy
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added type
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Portus

The great ancient maritime port of Rome, located on the right-hand bank of the Tiber river.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: updated description
Actors: Tom Elliott

Portus Pisanus?

The port city of Roman Pisa.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Poseidion Pr.

The southernmost cape of the Sinai Peninsula.
Creators: S.E. Sidebotham
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Ryan M. Horne, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Poseidon, Amphitrite, T.

A peripteral temple dedicated to Poseidon on the island of Tenos.
Creators: J. Bennet, G. Reger
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Praeneste

An ancient city of central Italy, the eighth and seventh century B.C. origins of which demonstrate high-level trade contact with the Eastern Mediterranean world. The city withdrew from the Latin League (499 B.C.) and opposed Rome in the Latin war; Cincinnatus eventually subdued Praeneste. Sulla founded a new colony there in the first century B.C.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Prati Fiscali

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 43 C2 Prati Fiscali
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Premis

Qasr Ibrim is an archaeological site in Lower Nubia. The site has a long history of occupation stretching from the eighth century B.C. to 1813.
Creators: S.M. Burstein
Contributors: Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Gabriel McKee, D. Borough, R. Talbert
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Prepesinthos (island)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 60 C5 Prepesinthos Ins.
Creators: J. Bennet, G. Reger
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Arthur De Graauw, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert
Modifications:
Actors:

Prestatyn

The modern-day site of a Romano-British settlement dating from first and second centuries A.D.
Creators: Scott Vanderbilt
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Scott Vanderbilt

Prifernum

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 unlocated Prifernum
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Prile (river)

The Bruna river flows some 70 km from the Colline Metallifere to the Tyrrhenian Sea, passing to the south of Massa Marittima. Its mouth is located at Castiglione della Pescaia.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Privernum

A Volscian center that Rome reportedly destroyed in the late fourth century B.C.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Probatas

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 58 G4 Probatas
Creators: G. Reger, J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Ryan M. Horne, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: baseline created
Actors: Ryan M. Horne

Proconnesus (island)

An island in the Sea of Marmara known especially for its high quality, fine-grained marble dubbed Proconnesian marble.
Creators: C. Foss
Contributors: R. Talbert, Arthur De Graauw, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications:
Actors:

Proerna

An ancient city in Tetras or Achaia Phthiotis in Greece.
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, G. Reger, R. Talbert
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pronnoi

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 54 C5 Pronnoi
Creators: W.M. Murray
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Propontis

The Sea of Marmara.
Creators: C. Foss
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Prote (island)

An island in the Ionian Sea, located to the of the Peloponnese that Thucydides mentions.
Creators: G. Reger, J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: R. Talbert, Arthur De Graauw, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications:
Actors:

Prusa

Settlement at Prusa began as a site called Cius that came under the control of the king of Bithynia in 202 BC. The city was renamed Prusias and was eventually willed to the Roman Empire in 74 BC by Nicomedes IV, the last King of Bithynia.
Creators: C. Foss
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Francis Deblauwe, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Eric Kansa, Brady Kiesling, H. Kopp, W. Röllig, B. Siewert-Mayer, R. Talbert, Johan Åhlfeldt
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pseira (island)

Pseira is a small island of the Gulf of Mirabello of the northeastern coast of Crete where the archaeological remains of Bronze Age civilizations have been excavated.
Creators: J. Bennet, G. Reger
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Stefano Costa, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pselchis

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 81 C2 Pselchis
Creators: S.M. Burstein
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Adam Prins, Jen Thum, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Herbert Verreth, D. Borough, R. Talbert, Mark Depauw, Gabriel Moss
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Psyra (island)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 56 B4 Psyra Ins.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger, S. Mitchell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Arthur De Graauw, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications:
Actors:

Ptoios, T.

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 55 E4 Ptoios, T.
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, G. Reger, Dan Diffendale, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ptolemais/Barkes Limen

An ancient capital of Cyrenaica, Ptolemais was probably named after Ptolemy III Euergetes. The city was founded in either the seventh or sixth century BC.
Creators: D.J. Mattingly
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Ryan M. Horne, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Johan Åhlfeldt
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ptolemais Hermiou/Psoi

A city founded by Ptolemy I Soter as the capital of Upper Egypt.
Creators: M. Drew Bear
Contributors: R. Talbert, Johan Åhlfeldt, Adam Prins, Jen Thum, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Herbert Verreth, Sean Gillies, Mark Depauw
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Puntone Vecchio

A Roman villa that was likely in use from the first century BC until the third century AD.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pyrgi

Pyrgi is an ancient Etruscan port city on the Tyrrhenian coast of Italy. A Roman colony was established at the site by 191 B.C. In 1964 the bi-lingual 'Pyrgi Plaques' were discovered during the course of excavations.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, R. Talbert, Ryan M. Horne
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Quintilii

A suburban villa built by Sextus Quintilius Maximus and Sextus Quintilius Condianus (consuls in A.D. 151).
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, Jonathan Fu, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added reference and connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ramesseum

The funerary temple of Ramesses II, built within the area known as the Ipet-isut, "The Most Selected of Places", along the Nile River.
Creators: Nate Nagy
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications:
Actors:

Re-Buried Hellenistic Temple and Workshops

Excavations on site of post office at 49 Ben Ami St. revealed Hellenistic remains, including a dedication to Zeus Soter on behalf of Antiochos VII by a courtier (SEG XIX 9094). This inscription was associated with Hellenistic architecture of a temple-like character. Nearby workshops also uncovered.
Creators: Noah Kaye
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies
Modifications: initial revision
Actors: Noah Kaye

Regillus? L.

An ancient lake in Latium that was the site of a Roman military victory in 496 BC; the precise location of the lake cannot be determined, although some scholars place its location at Pantano Secco near Frascati, Italy.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Regium Pr.

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 46 C5 Regium Pr.
Creators: I.E.M. Edlund Berry, A.M. Small
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Ryan M. Horne, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications:
Actors:

Rhaga(i)/Europos/Arsakia/Ray

Rhaga(i), now the city of Rey in Iran, was an important settlement of the Medes that declined after the Mongol invasions.
Creators: A. Hausleiter, M. Roaf, E.J. Keall
Contributors: R. Talbert, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp, DARMC, Sean Gillies, B. Siewert-Mayer, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Rheneia (island)

A Cycladic island just west of Delos in the Aegean Sea. It consists of two parts linked by a narrow isthmus.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger
Contributors: Sean Gillies, nkeay, Jeffrey Becker, Arthur De Graauw, Tom Elliott, Pierre Motylewicz, R. Talbert, Noah Kaye
Modifications: added connection; added location; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Rhinocolura

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 70 D3 Rhinocolura
Creators: B. Isaac
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Francis Deblauwe, Mark Depauw, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Eric Kansa, Brady Kiesling, H. Kopp, Adam Prins, W. Röllig, B. Siewert-Mayer, R. Talbert, Jen Thum, Herbert Verreth
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Rhodos (island)

The island of Rhodes has an area of some 1,400 square km and sits 18 km from the coast of Asia Minor. The island has been inhabited by humans since the Neolithic period.
Creators: J. Bennet, G. Reger
Contributors: Sean Gillies, Rajas Pradhan, Jeffrey Becker, Jeff Mayfield, Tom Elliott, Benjamin M Crowther, Faith Lubeck, Kali Kocian, R. Talbert
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Roma

The capital of the Roman Republic and Empire.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Sebastian Heath, Tom Elliott, R. Talbert
Modifications: added references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Roman Theater at Bosra

The Roman Theater at Bosra dates to the second century A.D.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Adam Prins
Contributors:
Modifications:
Actors:

Rotunda of Galerius

A brick rotunda of the fourth century AD ordered by the emperor Galerius for use as either a tomb or temple; later incorporated into the Christian Church of Agios Georgios. Listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications:
Actors:

Rough Castle

A Roman fort on the Antonine Wall.
Creators: A.S. Esmonde Cleary
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Scott Vanderbilt, R. Warner, Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: baseline created
Actors: Scott Vanderbilt

Roxolani

A nomadic Sarmatian people who occupied territory between Don and Dnieper rivers, later migrating toward the Danube, to what is now the Baragan steppes of Romania.
Creators: A.G. Poulter
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sabate

An ancient settlement, attested by literary or documentary sources, whose precise location cannot be determined today
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sacer Mons

Sacer Mons is a hill on the banks of the Anio river and is connected, traditionally, with the episode of the secession of the Roman plebs of 494 BC.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Saena

Saena was an Etruscan city that received a Roman colony (Saena Iulia) in the time of Augustus.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sagrus (river)

A river of eastern Italy (modern Sangro).
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications:
Actors:

Sakastan(e)

Sakastan(e) was a region located between Arachosia and Drangiana.
Creators: M.U. Erdosy
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited type
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Salamis (island)

Salamis is the largest island of the Saronic Gulf.
Creators: J.S. Traill
Contributors: R. Talbert, Perry Scalfano, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications:
Actors:

Salebro?

An ancient coastal town with Etruscan origins near Lacus Prelius.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference; added references; edited; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Samos (island)

The island of Samos.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger
Contributors: Pierre Motylewicz, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Arthur De Graauw, Tom Elliott
Modifications:
Actors:

Samothrace (island)

Samothrace is an island of the northern Aegean Sea.
Creators: E.N. Borza
Contributors: G. Reger, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: initial revision
Actors: Tom Elliott

Sanctuary of Isis and Magna Mater

The Sanctuary of Isis and Magna Mater at Roman Mogontiacum (modern Mainz, Germany) was active between the first century and the third century A.D.
Creators: C. Haselgrove, J. Kunow
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sanctuary of Monte Sant'Angelo

A Catholic sanctuary on Mount Gargano, in northern Apulia, Italy. Listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2011.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications:
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Santa Costanza

A fourth century AD structure along the Via Nomentana that was built by Constantine I as a mausoleum, originally housing the remains of his daughters Constantina and Helena. It was dedicated as a Christian church in the Middle Ages.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sardis/Hyde?

Sardis was the capital of the Lydian Empire located in western Turkey. In 188 B.C. Sardis became a part of the Attalid kingdom and thus it passed with the territory of Attalus III to Rome in 133 B.C.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger, S. Mitchell
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, W. Röllig, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp, DARMC, R. Talbert, B. Siewert-Mayer, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sarpedonion Pr.

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 66 D4 Sarpedonion Pr.
Creators: S. Mitchell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

S. Callisto

A large catacomb on the Via Appia south of Rome notable especially for its so-called 'Crypt of the Popes'. The catacomb covers approximately 15 hectares.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Jonathan Weiland, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Sean Gillies
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Schedia/Chaireon/Menelais?

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 74 C2 Schedia/Chaireon/Menelais?
Creators: A. Bernand
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Mark Depauw, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, Adam Prins, R. Talbert, Jen Thum, Herbert Verreth
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Scyrus (island)

The island of Skyros in the Aegean Sea.
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: R. Talbert, G. Reger, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location; added references; edited; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Scythopolis/Nysa

A settlement located at the juncture of the Jordan and Jezreel valleys, Scythopolis/Nysa had important Egyptian through Roman phases.
Creators: E.M. Meyers, J.P. Brown
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Valeria Vitale, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Gabriel McKee, Jonathan Fu, R. Talbert, Gabriel Bodard
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sebennytikon Stoma

The third western-most ancient mouth of the Nile river.
Creators: A. Bernand
Contributors: Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp, R. Talbert, B. Siewert-Mayer, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: added reference and connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sep. Bibuli

The tomb of C. Publicius Bibulus, a plebeian aedile, located at Rome at the foot of the Capitoline hill. It most likely dates to the close of the Republican period.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: added connection; added location; created place; updated references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sep. Geta

A Roman tomb along the Via Appia that is traditionally believed to be that of Publius Septimius Geta, the younger son of Septimius Severus.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Serbonitis L.

A large, saline lake in Egypt on the north coast of the Sinai Peninsula; the "Serbonian Bog" described by Herodotus.
Creators: B. Isaac
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

S. Ermete

S. Ermete is the site of a Paleochristian basilica and catacomb; the catacombs are also referred to as the Catacombs of Bassilla, and both names occur in the documentary sources.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sibrium

The Roman fort of Sibrium, known today as Castelseprio or Castel Seprio, became a significant Lombard town of the early Middle Ages. It was destroyed and abandoned in 1287. In 2011, the site, including the church of Santa Maria 'foris portas', the castrum and its Torba Tower, was enrolled as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Creators: M. Pearce, P. Tozzi
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: baseline created
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sicilia (island)

Sicily is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea and has been the site of human habitation since ca. 8,000 BC. In historical terms Sicily has seen important settlement activity connected to numerous culture groups - Punic, Carthaginian, Greek, Roman, Vandalic, Ostrogothic, Byzantine, Arabic, and Norman.
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: Pierre Motylewicz, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sikinos (island)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 60 D5 Sikinos Ins.
Creators: J. Bennet, G. Reger
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Arthur De Graauw, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert
Modifications: added connection; added location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Simitthu

A city of Africa Proconsularis, Simitthu is especially noted for its marble quarries.
Creators: R.B. Hitchner
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, R. Warner, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sirenes/Seirenoussai Inss.

Sirenes/Seirenoussai Inss. (modern Le Sirenuse or Li Galli) is an archipelago off the Amalfi Coast of Italy. In Greek mythology, the islands were home to the Sirens who tempted sailors, including Odysseus.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Arthur De Graauw, Perry Scalfano, Tom Elliott
Modifications: new place
Actors: Arthur De Graauw

Skanderion Pr.

Cape Skandari is the northernmost point of the island of Kos.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Ryan M. Horne, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added connection; added location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker