Pleiades Change Log: 2012-12-01 - 2012-12-31

Acropolis?

The possible location of the acropolis of Makra Kome, according to Stählin (1924, 224) and Béquignon (1937, 316).
Creators: Robin Iversen Rönnlund
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Acropolis of Athens

The acropolis of the ancient city of Athens in Greece.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Tom Elliott

Agora of Athens

The marketplace of the ancient city of Athens in Greece.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott

'Ain Ghazal

A Neolithic settlement inhabited from ca. 7250 BC to 5000 BC; located in the northwest of Jordan.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Aristanis

A Byzantine site in western Sardinia, made important by the location of a bishopric there by Torcotorio in AD 1070; now the modern city of Oristano.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Ash Altar of Zeus Lykaios

The ash altar of Zeus Lykaios on the southern peak of Mt. Lykaion.
Creators: Dan Diffendale
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Baku

An ancient city located on the Caspian Sea. Baku, now in Azerbaijan, was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2000.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Basilica of Thyrsos

A fifth or sixth century AD (Early Christian) triple-aisled basilica including mosaic floors.
Creators: Dan Diffendale
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Boville Ernica

A hilltop settlement with megalithic fortifications.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Burgus Szentendre-Dera

Burgus Szentendre-Dera is a late antique Roman military encampment located along the Hungarian Danube at Szentendre (St. Andrae). The fort secured the Pannonian Limes.
Creators: Holger R.E. Jürgenliemk
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Çayönü

Çayönü was a Neolithic settlement located in southern Turkey. Its remains date ca. 7200 to 6600 BC. The site spans the entire Pre-pottery Neolithic sequence and recent investigations suggest that Çayönü may be the site of the first domestication of the pig (Sus scrofa).
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Crocifisso del Tufo necropolis

A major necropolis of Volsinii that reaches its maximum extent between 550 and 450 BC. The necropolis is especially noteworthy on account of its orthogonal layout.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Etchmiadzin Cathedral

A fourth century A.D. church located in Ejmiatsin, Armenia. This is the central cathedral of the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin of the Armenian Apostolic Church and was enrolled as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2000.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Göd-Bócsaújtelep

Göd-Bócsaújtelep is an unfinished late Roman fort from the reign of Valentinian along the Limes Sarmatiae.
Creators: Holger R.E. Jürgenliemk
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Marcellinus and Peter

An ancient Christian catacomb located at the third milestone of the Via Labicana. The name refers to two Christian martyrs.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Mausoleum of Lucilius Peto

A tumulus-type tomb discovered in 1887 belonging to the military tribune M. Lucilius Paetus of the gens Lucilia.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Monte d'Accoddi

A ramped, megalithic structure in Sardinia dated to around 2700-2000 BC.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Nuraghe Loelle

A nuragic site near Caput Tyrsi.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Nuraghe Santu Antine

A nuragic structure dating originally ca. 1,600 to 1,450 BC.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Patriarchal Basilica of Santa Maria Assunta of Aquileia

The Basilica di Santa Maria Assunta, Aquileia dates originally to the fourth century.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:

Piana di Monte Verna

An ancient Oscan center delimited by a megalithic fortification wall.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Polonnaruwa

An ancient city of the Kingdom of Polonnaruwa dating ca. AD 1070. Inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1982.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Post-Archaic necropolis at Poggio dei Cavallari

A necropolis located along a road that once led to the Mater Matuta sanctuary composed of approximately 50 tombs.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Roman amphitheater of Asisium

In the Porta Perlici of Assisi are the remains of a first century A.D. Roman amphitheater.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:

Saint Gayane Church

A seventh century AD church located in Vagharshapat (Etchmiadzin), Armenia and built by Catholicos Ezra I. The church was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2000.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Saint Hripsime Church

A fourth century AD church rebuilt in the seventh century AD in order to house remains of the eponymous saint. The church is located in the city of Vagharshapat (Etchmiadzin), in the Armavir Province of Armenia. Listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2000.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Adam Rabinowitz

Sanctuary of Dionysos

The Sanctuary of Dionysos, which includes a theater, choregic monument, statue bases, and at least one temple, formed part of the civic center of the Attic deme of Ikarion.
Creators: Dan Diffendale
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Santa Costanza

A fourth century AD structure along the Via Nomentana that was built by Constantine I as a mausoleum, originally housing the remains of his daughters Constantina and Helena. It was dedicated as a Christian church in the Middle Ages.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Sarazm

An ancient, proto-urban site located in north-western Tajikistan.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Sep. Scipionum

A family tomb of the Cornelii Scipiones near the Porta San Sebastiano in use from the third century B.C. to the first century A.D.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Brady Kiesling

Stoa in the sanctuary of Zeus Lykaios

A 62 m long stoa, probably of the fourth century BC.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Dan Diffendale
Contributors:

Temple of Mater Matuta at Satricum

A sanctuary dedicated to Mater Matuta that was in use between the seventh and fifth centuries B.C.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Theater of Tegea

The remains of the Hellenistic theater of Tegea are to be found beneath the tenth century A.D. Middle Byzantine church of Palaia Episkopi.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Dan Diffendale
Contributors:

Thracian Tomb of Kazanlak

A fourth century BC Thracian tomb near the ancient city of Seuthopolis discovered in 1944 and inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Thracian Tomb of Sveshtari

A third century B.C. Thracian tomb discovered in 1982 and inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Villa of the Mysteries

A Roman villa located northwest of Pompeii.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Villa of the Papyri

A suburban villa located northwest of Herculaneum that was originally owned by Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Villa rustica of Szentendre-Skanzen

A so-called Roman "Villa Rustica" covering some 5,200 square meters located at the Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeum (Skanzen), Szentendre.
Creators: Holger R.E. Jürgenliemk
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Zvartnots Cathedral

A seventh century AD church built by Catholicos Nerses the Builder (AD 641-653) and located in the Armavir Province of Armenia. The ruins of the church were listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2000.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Achelous (river)

A river of Western Greece. Its floods were noted by Herodotus.
Creators: W.M. Murray
Contributors: Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: add connection, reference; initial location
Actors: Sean Gillies

Achilleios Dromos

A strip of land northwest of Crimea and south of the mouth of the Dnieper river in Ukraine, running nearly due west and east.
Creators: David Braund
Contributors: R. Talbert, Diane Braund, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added name; added reference; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Addua (river)

The Adda river is a river in northern Italy and a tributary of the Padus fl. (Po river).
Creators: M. Pearce, P. Tozzi
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added name
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Aesernia

An ancient settlement (modern Isernia in Italy)
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, Jonathan Weiland, Sean Gillies
Modifications: added reference, category
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Aesis

An Umbrian town that became a colonia civium Romanorum under the name of Aesis in 247 B.C.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added name; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Aetna (mountain)

An active stratovolcano on the east coast of Sicily (known today as Mount Etna).
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Ryan M. Horne, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added location; baseline created; edited description; modified description, connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Agathyrnum

An ancient city of Siceliote origin on the north coast of Sicily.
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, Jonathan Prag, R. Talbert, Valeria Vitale
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ager Gallicus (region)

A region of Italy in which Gallic settlement had taken place after 400 BC. This territory was captured by Rome following the battle of Sentinum in 295 BC.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Aigeai

An ancient settlement most noted for the discovery, in 1977, of Macedonian royal tombs at the site.
Creators: E.N. Borza
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: initial revision
Actors: Tom Elliott

Ain Amour

A small oasis lying about 60 km north west of Kharga, on the escarpment outlining the depression. It was the only water source along the Darb Ain Amur, one of the two tracks that linked Kharga and Dakhla. The archaeological remains consist of a Late Period stone temple and a large cemetery. Surveyed between 2006 and 2011 by the North Kharga Oasis Survey project.
Creators: G. Wagner
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Bruno Bazzani, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: remove cruft from description
Actors: Sean Gillies

Akrathos Pr.

A promontory on the Akte/Athos peninsula, modern Cape Akrathos (Ákra Ákrathos).
Creators: E.N. Borza
Contributors: R. Talbert, G. Reger, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: initial revision; location, description, connections
Actors: Tom Elliott

Akrothooi

An ancient settlement on the Athos/Akte peninsula.
Creators: E.N. Borza
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, G. Reger, R. Talbert
Modifications: baseline created; connections, description
Actors: Tom Elliott

Alaca Höyük

A Neolithic and Hittite settlement located to the northeast of Boğazkale.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott, Valeria Vitale, Gabriel Bodard, Adam Rabinowitz
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Alba Fucens

A town of the Aequi along the Marsic frontier where the Romans established a Latin colony in 304/3 B.C. Alba Fucens was a significant center of the middle republican period and became a place where Rome kept state prisoners, including Syphax of Numidia, Perseus of Macedonia, and Bituitus, king of the Arverni.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references and category; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Albiana

A settlement in the interior of southern Corsica
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Stefano Costa, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: baseline created; description, connection
Actors: Stefano Costa, Tom Elliott

Aletrium

A Hernican hill town that formed part of a sixth century B.C. defensive league against Volscian and Samnite aggression and allied itself to Tarquinius Superbus. Rome eventually took Aletrium in 306 B.C.; by the first century B.C. the site was a Roman municipium.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Alexandria/Alexandropolis/Cufis

Now Kandahar in Afghanistan, Alexandria/Alexandropolis/Cufis is an ancient site founded by Alexander the Great ca. 330 BC. The indigenous people of the Hellenistic period were likely the Pakthas.
Creators: M.U. Erdosy
Contributors: R. Talbert, Jeffrey Becker, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp, Ryan M. Horne, Sean Gillies, B. Siewert-Mayer, David Mimno, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications:
Actors:

Alişar Höyük

A settlement with occupation from the Chalcolithic period (fourth millennium B.C.) until the Phrygian period (first millennium B.C.).
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Al(l)ifae

An ancient town of either Oscan or Samnite origin situated in the Volturno river valley.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Altamura

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 45 E3 Altamura
Creators: I.E.M. Edlund Berry, A.M. Small
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference, category
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Amastris/Sesamos

An ancient settlement on the Black Sea coast in Asia Minor, modern Amasra in Turkey.
Creators: C. Foss
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert
Modifications: description, connections, references
Actors: Tom Elliott

Ameria

Ameria, claimed by Cato the Elder as the oldest town in Umbria, was an important center that may have gained Roman municipal status as early as 338 B.C., following the Latin War.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added name; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ancon(a)

A port city founded by colonists from Syracuse in 387 BC.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ano Phteri

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 55 C3 Ano Phteri
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, G. Reger, Robin Iversen Rönnlund, Tom Elliott
Modifications:
Actors:

Antiochia/Theoupolis

A city founded ca. 300 BC by Seleucus I Nicator, a successor of Alexander the Great. Antioch was a great trading center and numbered as one of the four cities of the Syrian tetrapolis. Justinian I renamed the city 'Theoupolis' in the sixth century AD.
Creators: T. Sinclair, P.-L. Gatier
Contributors: M. Ballance, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp, DARMC, Francis Deblauwe, R. Warner, R. Talbert, B. Siewert-Mayer, Ryan M. Horne, Eric Kansa
Modifications: added references and connection; edited; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Antipatreia

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 49 B3 Antipatreia
Creators: J.J. Wilkes
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert
Modifications: added uwhs
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Antium

Antium ranked as one of the most important and most powerful centers of Latium and was captured by Rome at the close of the Latin War in the fourth century B.C. Imperial Antium was well known for a number of coastal villas.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added name; baseline created
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

An unnamed bridge

A bridge located north of Usel(l)is in western Sardinia
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references and connections; edited name, description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Aquae Calidae Neapolitanorum

A site of settlement connected to thermal springs, according to Ptolemy.
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added name; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Aquae Sulis

An ancient Roman thermal spa and site of the Temple of Sulis Minerva.
Creators: A.S. Esmonde Cleary
Contributors: Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, R. Warner, R. Talbert, Jonathan Fu
Modifications: added name; added references and category uwhs; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Arbela

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 69 C4 Arbela
Creators: E.M. Meyers, J.P. Brown
Contributors: R. Talbert, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp, DARMC, Sean Gillies, B. Siewert-Mayer, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: baseline created
Actors: Francis Deblauwe

Arbela

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 69 C4 Arbela (1)
Creators: E.M. Meyers, J.P. Brown
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: initial revision
Actors: Sean Gillies

Ardotalia (Zerdotalia)

A Roman fort of the first and second centuries A.D. at present day Melandra Castle.
Creators: A.S. Esmonde Cleary
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Scott Vanderbilt, R. Warner, Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: title, description, references
Actors: Tom Elliott

‘Argoos Limen’

A port on the island of Ilva (modern Elba), so named based on the resting place of the Argonauts, according to Strabo.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added name; added references and connection; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Arpinum

An ancient center that originated as early as the seventh century B.C. that became a civitas sine suffragio in 305 B.C. Arpinum was the birthplace of Caius Marius and Marcus Tullius Cicero.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Arx Fregellana

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 E2 Arx Fregellana
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added category; added name
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Asia Minor

An ancient region, coincident with a peninsula of the continent of Asia. It is bounded on the south by the Mediterranean Sea, on the west by the Aegean Sea, and on the north by the Black Sea. Today it is part of the territory of the modern country of Turkey.
Creators: Mary E. Downs, Brian Z. Lund, R. Talbert, M. Joann McDaniel
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: description, connections, reference
Actors: Tom Elliott

Asisium

A Roman settlement built over an Umbrian one on a western foothill of the Apennines, Asisium received municipal status and was assigned to the Tribus Sergia. Totila destroyed most of the city in A.D. 545.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications:
Actors:

Athos/Akte (peninsula)

A peninsula of Greece, projecting from the larger Chalcidice peninsula in the Aegean Sea.
Creators: E.N. Borza
Contributors: G. Reger, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: title, description, connections
Actors: Tom Elliott

Athos (mountain)

The Greek "holy mountain" of Athos.
Creators: E.N. Borza
Contributors: R. Talbert, G. Reger, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: baseline created; initial revision; title, description, connections, modern greek name
Actors: Tom Elliott

Atina

Atina was a Samnite hill town with a polygonal masonry fortification wall.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added reference, category
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Atina

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 45 C4 Atina
Creators: I.E.M. Edlund Berry, A.M. Small
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added name; added reference, category
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Augusta Praetoria

Augusta Praetoria (modern Aosta) was a settlement of the Salassi conquered by Rome in 25 B.C. From 24 B.C. a colony of 3,000 Roman military veterans occupied the city of Augusta Praetoria Salassorum and it became the capital of the province Alpes Graies from 11 B.C.
Creators: M. Pearce, P. Tozzi
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Johan Åhlfeldt
Modifications: added name; added reference; edited; edited description; edited description and details
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Augusta Taurinorum

Augusta Taurinorum (modern Turin), the settlement of indigenous Celto-Ligurian peoples, was re-settled as a Roman veteran colony in 28 BC.
Creators: M. Pearce, P. Tozzi
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added reference; edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

*Aurinia/Saturnia

An Etruscan town that Dionysius of Halicarnassus claimed had been founded by the Pelasgians, Saturnia received a Roman colony in 183 BC.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references and category; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

*Ausancalio

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 20 C5 *Ausancalio
Creators: M. Šašel Kos, P. Kos
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, James Cowey, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: reference to information about the site and associated documents (inscriptions) in cil
Actors: Tom Elliott

A(u)xoume

Present-day Aksum in Ethiopia. The center of the Aksumite Kingdom, a maritime trading power that flourished from the first to the tenth centuries AD. The city was listed as UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1980.
Creators: D.T. Potts
Contributors: DARMC, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added name; baseline created; description, connection, modern name
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Azoria

An archaeological site (ancient name unknown) overlooking the Gulf of Mirabello in eastern Crete, not far from the modern town of Kavousi.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Balatonoi

A pre-Roman people settled in south-eastern Corsica, mentioned by Ptolemy.
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: R. Talbert, Stefano Costa, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: description, connection, type
Actors: Tom Elliott

(B)Aletium

(B)Aletium (Alezio) was a Messapic center that had ties to the Iapyges, according to Pliny. Saracens destroyed the site ca. A.D. 1000.
Creators: I.E.M. Edlund Berry, A.M. Small
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Barium

A city of the Peucetii that came under Roman control in the third century BC.
Creators: I.E.M. Edlund Berry, A.M. Small
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, Gethin Rees, R. Talbert
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Benia Guedah Ceder

Benia Guedah Ceder is a late third century AD Roman outpost associated with the Limes Tripolitanus.
Creators: D.J. Mattingly
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Holger R.E. Jürgenliemk, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: initial revision
Actors: Holger R.E. Jürgenliemk

Bezereos

Bezereos is the site of a Roman fort along the Limes Tripolitanus.
Creators: D.J. Mattingly
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Holger R.E. Jürgenliemk, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: initial revision
Actors: Holger R.E. Jürgenliemk

Biora

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 48 B3 Biora
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Bithynia (region)

Bithynia was an ancient region, kingdom, and Roman province of northwestern Asia Minor.
Creators: C. Foss
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: initial revision
Actors: Tom Elliott

Bithynion/Claudiopolis/Hadriana

An ancient settlement in Bithynia, modern Bolu in Turkey.
Creators: C. Foss
Contributors: R. Talbert, Jeffrey Becker, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp, DARMC, Sean Gillies, B. Siewert-Mayer, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: description, connections
Actors: Tom Elliott

Bovillae

A town of ancient Latium along the line of the Via Appia, Bovillae is traditionally considered to be a colony of Alba Longa and was one of the thirty cities of the Latin League.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added reference, category
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Brixia

An ancient settlement. Modern Brescia in Italy.
Creators: M. Pearce, P. Tozzi
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: description, reference
Actors: Tom Elliott

Caiatia

A Samnite town that eventually became a Roman municipium of the tribus Falerna ca. 89 B.C.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added name; added reference, category
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Calepodius

A Christian catacomb originally containing the tombs of Pope Callixtus I and Pope Julius I, along with that of the eponymous Saint Calepodius.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Callifae?

A city of the Samnites that, according to Livy, was captured by the Romans in Republican times. Probably at or in the vicinity of modern Roccavecchia di Pratella in Italy.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference, category
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Campobasso

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 G2 Campobasso
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference, category
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Capena

An ancient urban center in Faliscan territory adjacent to Etruria, Capena was sacked by the Romans in 390 BC.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Caput Tyrsi

A Roman-era road station located at modern Buddusò on the island of Sardinia, presumably associated with the source of the Thyrsos river.
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Caralis

A city with its origins in a Phoenician settlement of the seventh century BC, Caralis comes under Roman control in 238 BC during the Punic Wars. Florus refers to it as urbs urbinum, or capital of Sardinia
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Carsulae

An ancient settlement originating the late fourth or third centuries BC and lying along the route of the Roman Via Flaminia.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Cartana/Karnasa/Tetrogonis

The site of Cartana/Karnasa/Tetrogonis remains unlocated, although scholars have advanced various theories as to its location.
Creators: M.U. Erdosy
Contributors: R. Talbert, Jeffrey Becker, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp, Sean Gillies, B. Siewert-Mayer, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: baseline created
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Casinum

A Volscian hilltop settlement that became a Roman colony in 312 B.C.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references and category; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Castro dei Volsci

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 D3 Castro dei Volsci
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added category
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Castrum Truentinum

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 F3 Castrum Truentinum
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Çatalhöyük

A Neolithic and Chalcolithic settlement of southern Anatolia, inabited ca. 7500 B.C. to 5700 B.C. In July 2012, it was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications: baseline created
Actors: Tom Elliott

Caudium

A city of Samnium located between Capua and Beneventum. In 321 B.C. the Samnites under C. Pontius encamped there before defeating the Romans at the battle of the Caudine Forks.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Cempsi

An ancient people whose territory is unlocated
Creators: Jr., F.H. Stanley, R.C. Knapp
Contributors: R. Warner, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Pierre Schneider
Modifications: baseline created; references
Actors: Pierre Schneider, Tom Elliott

Centenarium Tibubuci

A Late Roman fortlet in Tunisia, known today as Ksar Tarcine.
Creators: D.J. Mattingly
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Holger R.E. Jürgenliemk
Modifications: baseline created; description, modern name; initial revision
Actors: Holger R.E. Jürgenliemk, Tom Elliott

Centuripae

A city of the indigenous Sikels, Centuripae allied itself with Athens during the expedition against Syracuse.
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Valeria Vitale, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Jonathan Prag, R. Talbert
Modifications: added name; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Cephaloedium

An city founded on an imposing promontory on the northern coast of Sicily.
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: DARMC, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Johan Åhlfeldt, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added name; added reference to tp; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Cereatae Marianae

Cereatae Marianae, purported to have been the birthplace of Gaius Marius, is thought to have been located where the 13th century abbey church of Casamari now stands (in the modern province of Frosinone, Lazio, Italy).
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Cheremule

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 48 A2 Cheremule
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Choirokoitia

The prehistoric settlement at Choirokoitia, in Cyprus. The site was inhabited from the seventh to the fourth millennium B.C. and was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998.
Creators: Nate Nagy
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies
Modifications: improved description, added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Civita di Artena

The remains of an ancient fortified center close to the town of Artena, Italy. The original settlement, of uncertain name, may have been established by the Volsci; both Ecetra and Fortinum have been suggested. The modern village was known as Monte Fortino until 1873.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications:
Actors:

Clusiolum

Clusiolum is an unlocated site in Umbria. Pliny the Elder discusses it in connection with the Felginates who at one point held Clusiolum. Its location is described as being above Interamna.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added category
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Cluviae

A city of the Carricini Samnites.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references and category; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Cnidus

An ancient settlement located at Tekir on the western tip of the modern Datça peninsula in Turkey (ancient Knidia), which extends from the southwest corner of Asia Minor. In the later fourth century BCE, it grew markedly, succeeding the site at Burgaz as the political center of the peninsula.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Noah Kaye, Tom Elliott
Modifications: description, connections, references
Actors: Tom Elliott

Col. Tarraco

An Iberian site in contact with Greek and Phoenician merchants that became a major Roman center from the third century BC onward.
Creators: H.S. Sivan, S.J. Keay, R.W. Mathisen
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added uwhs tag
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Consentia

The capital city of the ancient Bruttii in Calabria.
Creators: I.E.M. Edlund Berry, A.M. Small
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added name; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Corbulonis Fossa

A canal between the Rhine and Mosa rivers constructed by Roman soldiers commanded by Corbulo.
Creators: J.H.F. Bloemers
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Corinthus/Korinthos

The ancient Greek and Roman city of Corinth, located in the Peloponnese, Greece. Also known today as Archaia Korinthos and not to be confused with the nearby modern town.
Creators: G. Reger, J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: DARMC, James Herbst, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: connection
Actors: Tom Elliott

Corsica/Kyrnos (island)

The island of Corsica, in the Mediterranean Sea.
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: description, title, connections
Actors: Tom Elliott

Corsica (Province)

The post-Diocletianic province of Corsica according to the Verona List (ca. AD 303-324); coincident geographically with the island in the Mediterranean.
Creators: J.J. Wilkes, S.T. Parker, R.S. Bagnall, W.V. Harris, A.S. Esmonde-Cleary, C.M. Wells, J.F. Drinkwater, R.C. Knapp, S. Mitchell
Contributors: Brian Z. Lund, R. Talbert, Mary E. Downs, M. Joann McDaniel, Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: description, connections
Actors: Tom Elliott

Cortona

An Umbrian city that, under Etruscan influence, expanded and came to be called 'Curtun'. Later it became the Roman colony of Cortino.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Cosa

A Latin colony in south Etruria founded ca. 273 B.C.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Elizabeth Fentress, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added category
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Croto(n)

An Achaean colony in Magna Graecia established in 710 BC by the oikist Myscellus from the city of Rhypes in the Peloponnese.
Creators: I.E.M. Edlund Berry, A.M. Small
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Johan Åhlfeldt
Modifications: added reference; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Crustumerium

An ancient town of Latium located at the headwaters of the Allia river, very close to the territory of the Sabines, Crustumerium figures in Rome's early history. The Romans conquered the site in 500 B.C. and formed the tribus Crustumina or Clustumina in 471 B.C.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Cuicul

A Berbero-Roman town of North Africa (modern Djémila in Algeria). Sometimes labeled on maps and in travel information as "Curculum".
Creators: E.W.B. Fentress
Contributors: Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Valeria Vitale, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Jonathan Fu, R. Warner, R. Talbert, Gabriel Bodard
Modifications: added name; added uwhs; baseline created; initial revision; names, descriptions, details
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Cumae/Kyme (Campanian)

An ancient settlement of Campania, Cumae was the first Greek colony established on the Italian mainland in the eighth century BC.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added reference; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Cuniculariae (islands)

The modern archipelago of Maddalena off northern Sardinia is comprised of seven main islands and numerous other small islets.
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: Sean Gillies, Perry Scalfano, R. Talbert, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location; description, location; edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Cyprus (island)

Third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.
Creators: D. Rupp
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: title
Actors: Tom Elliott

Cyrene

An ancient Greek city founded in eastern Libya ca. 630 B.C., Cyrene later became part of the Roman empire (ca. 74 B.C.). The site was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1982.
Creators: D.J. Mattingly
Contributors: Michelle Willoughby, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Adam Rabinowitz, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Noura Alavi, R. Talbert, Justin Charlton
Modifications: edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Damascus

The ancient city of Damascus, located in modern Syria, with some 125 monuments dating back to the Roman period. Inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979.
Creators: E.M. Meyers, J.P. Brown
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Adam Prins, Jeffrey Becker, W. Röllig, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp, DARMC, R. Talbert, B. Siewert-Mayer, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: description, references, locations
Actors: Tom Elliott

Deir Abou Menas

An ancient Christian pilgrimage site that grew into an active town centered around the monastery complex devoted to Saint Menas who is said to have been buried there. The town reached its peak as the most visited pilgrimage site in Egypt during the sixth century AD.
Creators: A. Bernand
Contributors: R. Talbert, Adam Prins, Jen Thum, Jeffrey Becker, Iris Fernandez, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Herbert Verreth, Sean Gillies, Mark Depauw
Modifications: remove cruft from description
Actors: Sean Gillies

Delos (island)

The Aegean island of Delos, part of the Cyclades island group.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger
Contributors: R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jonathan Fu, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added pecs reference; baseline created; description, connections
Actors: Tom Elliott

Delos (settlement)

The ancient settlement of Delos, located on the Aegean island of the same name.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger
Contributors: Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Danielle Hoyer, Adam Rabinowitz, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Danielle Hoyer, R. Talbert
Modifications: baseline created; description, connection; edited
Actors: Tom Elliott

Dertona

A city founded in the second century B.C. at the junction of the Via Postumia and Via Aemilia Scauri which merged to become the Via Julia Augusta.
Creators: M. Pearce, P. Tozzi
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Dianium/Hemeroskopeion

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 27 F3 Dianium/Hemeroskopeion
Creators: P.O. Spann
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, R. Warner
Modifications:
Actors:

Dikaiarcheia/Puteoli

A maritime city of Campania situated on the Phlegrean Peninsula. The settlement started as a Greek colony and became a Roman colony under the name Puteoli in 194 B.C.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, R. Talbert, Ryan M. Horne
Modifications: added name; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Dion

An ancient settlement, located on the Athos/Akte peninsula.
Creators: E.N. Borza
Contributors: DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, G. Reger, R. Talbert
Modifications: baseline created; description, connection
Actors: Tom Elliott

Emerita Augusta

An ancient settlement (modern Mérida, Spain).
Creators: Jr., F.H. Stanley, R.C. Knapp
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, R. Warner, Sean Gillies, Perry Scalfano, David Mimno, Jonathan Fu
Modifications: added uwhs
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Fanum Voltumnae

A shrine of Voltumna that served as the chief religious center of Etruria. The Etruscan League (duodecim populi Etruriae) was said to meet annually at the shrine.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Felsina/Bononia

A city of the Po Plain with important cultural phases related to Etruscan, Celtic, and Roman culture. Important evidence for the Iron Age Villanovan culture has been found in Bononia and its vicinity. The Romans established a Latin colony of 3000 settlers at Bononia in 189 BC. After changing hands several times following the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Bologna became an important Medieval center.
Creators: M. Pearce, R. Peretto, P. Tozzi
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Jonathan Prag, R. Talbert, David Mimno
Modifications: added reference; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ferentium

Ferentium (modern Ferento) was a city of Etruria first mentioned in the Liber Coloniarum ca. 123 BC that became a Roman municipium after the Social War. Substantial remains of the city remain; the site was the birthplace of Otho and noted for its fine stone monuments and statues.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ferraria

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 48 B3 Ferraria
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ferrazzano

A fortified ancient hilltop, Ferrazzano is usually identified as a Samnite site.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference, category
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ficaria (island)

An island off the southeast coast of Sardinia
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added connection; added location; baseline created; removed sardinia connection, added tyrrhenum mare connection, title
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Firmum Picenum

Firmum Picenum was founded as a Latin colony in 264 B.C. with 6,000 colonists. It received municipal status after 48 B.C.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added name; added reference; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Fons Clitumni

Originally the site of a shrine dedicated to the river god Clitumnus and later a paleochristian shrine. The temple was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2011.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: baseline created; description, details, location, names; references, including uwhl
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Formiae

An ancient settlement of likely Greek origin along the Via Appia. Cicero was assassinated near Formiae (now Formia) in 43 B.C.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added reference; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Forum Appii

An ancient road station on the Via Appia located 69 km southeast of Rome.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: edited references and description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Forum Aurelii

A settlement in Etruria situated on the Via Aurelia between Centumcellae and Cosa according to the Antonine Itinerary.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Forum Cornelii

An ancient city founded by Lucius Cornelius Sulla as a colony ca. 82 BC.
Creators: M. Pearce, R. Peretto, P. Tozzi
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added name; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Forum Decii

A town of the Sabines mentioned by Pliny the Elder.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Forum Flaminii

A town founded in 220 B.C. by Caius Flaminius during the construction of the Via Flaminia.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference; added references and category; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Forum Fulvii Valentinum

Forum Fulvii Valentinum was a small Roman settlement in Liguria that was established by M. Fulvius Flaccus (cos. 125 B.C.) along the Via Fulvia, a road running from Dertona to Hasta Pompeia.
Creators: M. Pearce, P. Tozzi
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Forum Gallorum

A town on the Via Aemilia that was the site of a battle waged between M. Antonius and Hirtius and Pansa during the siege of Mutina.
Creators: M. Pearce, R. Peretto, P. Tozzi
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Forum Livii

A town of Gallia Cispadana located on the right bank of the Montone river.
Creators: M. Pearce, R. Peretto, P. Tozzi
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added name; added reference; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Forum Popili

An important stop on the road (Via Popilia) from Capua to Reggio Calabria.
Creators: I.E.M. Edlund Berry, A.M. Small
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Forum Sempronii

An ancient Roman colony, founded in the time of Gaius Sempronius Gracchus.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Forum Vibii

A town of Liguria located near the source of the Po river (ancient Padus).
Creators: M. Pearce, P. Tozzi
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Forum Voconii

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 16 B3 Forum Voconii
Creators: S. Loseby, R. Häussler
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Fregellae

Fregellae was a city of Latium Adjectum that became a Roman colony in 328 B.C., but was subsequently captured by the Samnites; a Roman presence was re-established in 313 B.C. Loyal to Rome during the Second Punic War, Fregellae revolted in 125 B.C. and the site was razed.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Fregenae

An ancient town of Etruria, Fregenae was located between Alsium and the mouth of the river Tiber.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Fretum Oceani/Gallicum

The strait separating Gallia and Britannia.
Creators: A.S. Esmonde Cleary
Contributors: R. Talbert, Gabriel Moss, Jeffrey Becker, R. Warner, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added name; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Fucinus L.

A lake of ancient Italy, site of a major battle of 89 BC. Flood and drainage controls were attempted by both Claudius and Hadrian. The Torlonia family drained the lake in the nineteenth century.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, A. Horsting, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Fundus Cotronianus

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 48 A2 Fundus Cotronianus
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Gangra

Also known as Germanicopolis or Germanopolis. An ancient settlement in Paphlagonia, modern Çankırı in Turkey.
Creators: C. Foss
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Gethin Rees, R. Talbert
Modifications: baseline created; description, connections, references
Actors: Tom Elliott

Göbekli Tepe

The site of Göbekli Tepe, located in the Germuş mountains of south-eastern Anatolia, was the location of a Neolithic hilltop sanctuary. This sanctuary, thought to be a series of stone enclosures with T-shaped pillars carrying carving of wild animals, was built in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic and ranges in date from 9,600 to 8,200 B.C.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications: edited; edited references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Gouroulis Nea?

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 48 A2 Gouroulis Nea?
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added connection; added references; edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Graviscae

The port of the Etruscan city of Tarquinia.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added reference; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Great Mosque of the Umayyads

The Great Mosque of the Umayyads is located in the old city of Damascus and is one of the largest and oldest mosques in the world. It was completed in 715.
Creators: Adam Prins
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications:
Actors:

Grotte di Torri

Grotte di Torri is located on the left bank of the Tiber river in the modern comune of Montopoli di Sabina. It has been inhabited since pre-Roman times.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference, category
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

(H)Adriaticum/Superum Mare

A body of water separating the Apennine Peninsula of Italy from the Balkan Peninsula.
Creators: R. Talbert, Brian Z. Lund, Mary E. Downs, M. Joann McDaniel
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Neven Jovanovic, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: add wikipedia ref and connection to ionian
Actors: Sean Gillies

Hafa?

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 48 A2 Hafa?
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Hagno (spring)

A spring on Mount Lykaion, mentioned by Pausanias and associated in his narrative with the sanctuary of Zeus Lykaios. The exact location of the spring is uncertain today.
Creators: G. Reger, J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Dan Diffendale, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: baseline created
Actors: Dan Diffendale

Hatria (Picenum)

An ancient city of Picenum that may have originated as colony established by Etruscans from Adria in the Veneto region. An alternate narrative suggests that the city's origins may be as a late sixth century B.C. colony founded by Aegina.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jonathan Prag, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Hattusa

The Late Bronze Age capital of the Hittite empire (near modern Boğazkale in Turkey). The site was enrolled as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1986.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Néhémie Strupler, Max Gander, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Henchir el-Hadjar

Henchir el-Hadjar is the site of a Late Roman fortlet of Africa Proconsularis.
Creators: D.J. Mattingly
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker, Holger R.E. Jürgenliemk
Modifications: initial revision
Actors: Holger R.E. Jürgenliemk

(H)Enna

The origins of (H)Enna are unclear. Some sources claim it was founded by Syracuse in 664 B.C. but the archaeological record suggests it is likely a Hellenized Sikel settlement.
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Valeria Vitale, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Jonathan Prag, R. Talbert
Modifications: added references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Heraclea

An ancient settlement on the Black Sea coast of Asia Minor at modern Karadeniz Ereğli in Turkey. It is often referred to as Heraclea Pontica (or Heraclea in Pontus) to distinguish it from other cities with the same name.
Creators: C. Foss
Contributors: DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Johan Åhlfeldt
Modifications: description, connections, references
Actors: Tom Elliott

Herdoniae/Ardaneae/Civitas Serdonis

Herdonia was an ancient city of Apulia located along the via Minucia. The city was the site of two major engagements of the Second Punic War (212 and 210 B.C., respectively), both of which were Carthaginian victories. The city's extensive remains have been investigated by the Belgian Institute since the Second World War.
Creators: I.E.M. Edlund Berry, A.M. Small
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Hieron? (river)

A river in eastern Corsica that empties into the Tyrrhenian sea not far from Aleria (modern Fiumorbo).
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: R. Talbert, Stefano Costa, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: initial revision; title, description, location, connections
Actors: Stefano Costa, Tom Elliott

Hydata Lesitana

An ancient thermal site with both nuragic and Roman remains. Now the community of Benettuti on the island of Sardinia.
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added name; added reference; edited; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Ikarion

An ancient settlement and deme of Attica.
Creators: J.S. Traill
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Dan Diffendale, Tom Elliott
Modifications: baseline created; description, connection
Actors: Tom Elliott

Ilium/Troia

An ancient city of northwest Anatolia with occupation ranging from the Bronze Age to the Roman period. Troy features as the central setting of Homer's Iliad.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger, S. Mitchell
Contributors: DARMC, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Stefano Costa, Tom Elliott, Pierre Motylewicz, R. Talbert
Modifications: added name; added references; added uwhs and reference; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ilva/Aethalia (island)

The largest island of the Tuscan Archipelago, Ilva (modern Elba) is located in the Tyrrhenian Sea 50 km east of Corsica. It is the third largest Italian island.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added name; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Interamna Lirenas

A Latin colony founded ca. 312 B.C. along the Via Latina. The site was sacked by Samnites (ca. 294 B.C.) and subsequently by Hannibal (212 B.C.). It received Roman municipal status in 90 B.C.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: edited description, added references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Interamna Nahars

An Umbrian center founded in the seventh century B.C. that became an important Roman municipality along the Via Flaminia.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references and category; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Internum Mare

The Mediterranean Sea or Mare Nostrum is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean that is surrounded almost completely by land.
Creators: R. Talbert, Brian Z. Lund, Mary E. Downs, M. Joann McDaniel
Contributors: Francis Deblauwe, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott
Modifications: edited reference spelling error
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Interocrium

A Sabine town that was later known as a mansio on the course of the Via Salaria.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ionia (region)

The coast of Asia Minor between Aeolis and Caria.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger, S. Mitchell
Contributors: Pierre Motylewicz, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott
Modifications: edited
Actors: Tom Elliott

Ionia (settlement)

An ancient settlement, attested by literary or documentary sources, whose precise location cannot be determined today
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: R. Talbert, G. Reger, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: initial revision
Actors: Tom Elliott

Isola Sacra

An extensive second and third century A.D. necropolis located between the city of Ostia and Portus.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Jonathan Weiland, DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Italia (Diocese)

The post-Diocletianic diocese of Italia according to the Verona List (ca. AD 303-324). Italia was divided between the vicarius Italiae in the north and the vicarius of Rome in the south.
Creators: J.J. Wilkes, S.T. Parker, R.S. Bagnall, W.V. Harris, A.S. Esmonde-Cleary, C.M. Wells, J.F. Drinkwater, R.C. Knapp, S. Mitchell
Contributors: Brian Z. Lund, R. Talbert, Mary E. Downs, M. Joann McDaniel, Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: title, description
Actors: Tom Elliott

Katane/Catina

The colonial city of Katane (modern Catania) was founded by Chalcidian Greeks sometime after the foundation of Leontini in 730 B.C.
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added name; added references and connection; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kleonai

An ancient settlement, located on the Athos/Akte peninsula.
Creators: E.N. Borza
Contributors: DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, G. Reger, R. Talbert
Modifications: baseline created; description, connection
Actors: Tom Elliott

Knosos/Col. Iulia Nobilis Cnosos

A major ancient settlement of Crete located some 5 km southeast of Heraklion, Knossos was occupied from the Neolithic period to the time of the Roman empire.
Creators: J. Bennet, G. Reger
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Austin Banda, Patrick DeVarney, Tom Elliott, Adam Rabinowitz, DARMC, R. Talbert
Modifications: added references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kretea

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 58 unlocated Kretea
Creators: G. Reger, J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Dan Diffendale, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: baseline created
Actors: Dan Diffendale

Kriou Metopon Pr.

Kriou Metopon Pr. ("The Ram's Forehead) is the modern Cape Sarych, the southernmost point of the Ukraine.
Creators: David Braund
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Diane Braund, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert
Modifications: added name
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Labicum

Originally a member of the Latin League, the city of Labicum was taken by the Romans ca. 418 B.C. By the time of Augustus, the site was almost certainly deserted and its precise location remains debated today.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Laos/Lavinium?

Founded as a colony by survivors of Sybaris after the destruction of the city in 510 BC.
Creators: I.E.M. Edlund Berry, A.M. Small
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Larinum

A settlement of Apulia that originated with the Samnites and Frentani and later came under Roman influence. During the Second Punic War, the Romans defeated Hannibal at Larinum. The settlement eventually gained Roman municipal status.
Creators: I.E.M. Edlund Berry, A.M. Small
Contributors: DARMC, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Larisa Kremaste/Pelasgia

An ancient settlement of Achaea Phthiotis, located in the area of the modern town of Pelasgia in Greece.
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, G. Reger, Robin Iversen Rönnlund, Tom Elliott
Modifications: baseline created; initial revision; title, description
Actors: Robin Iversen Rönnlund, Tom Elliott

Lateran Basilica, Palace, and Castra Nova equitum singularium

Site of a basilica and palace from early Roman imperial times, as well as an military installation built by Septimius Severus for the Roman imperial cavalry bodyguard. Now the site of the Archbasilica of St. John Lateran (rebuilt in the 16th century): Complesso dei San Giovanni in Laterano (Basilica, Palazzo Apostolico Lateranense, edifici annessi) Holy See; listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1990.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications: edited
Actors: Tom Elliott

Latium Adiectum

A region of ancient Italy characterized as an area of Latin colonial expansion; also referred to as Latium Novum.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Latium (region)

The territory of the Latins.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added connection, type
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Lefkandi

A coastal village on the island of Euboea known especially for rich Bronze Age and Iron Age material.
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, G. Reger, Dan Diffendale, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; baseline created; edited description; edited details
Actors: Dan Diffendale, Jeffrey Becker

Leontini

A Greek colonial city founded by Naxians in 729 B.C., Leontini was reduced by Hippocrates of Gela in 498 B.C. Following the Sicilian Expedition, the city became subject to Syracuse. In Roman times it may have been of little importance and was destroyed by the Saracens in A.D. 848.
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, Jonathan Prag, R. Talbert, Valeria Vitale
Modifications: added name; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Leuca/Portus Sallentinus

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 45 inset Leuca/Portus Sallentinus
Creators: I.E.M. Edlund Berry, A.M. Small
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Ryan M. Horne, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Lilybaeum

Lilybaeum (modern Marsala) is located at the extreme westernmost point of Sicily. Lilybaeum was a Punic settlement that was conquered by the Romans in 241 B.C.
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Valeria Vitale, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Jonathan Prag, R. Talbert
Modifications: added reference and connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Lipara (island)

An island in the Tyrrhenian Sea, north of Sicily. Modern Isola Lipari.
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Frazer Brown
Modifications: description, connection
Actors: Tom Elliott

Lipara (settlement)

A Greek colony and long-time settlement on the island of the same name, located to the north of Sicily in the Tyrrhenian Sea. Modern Lipari.
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Valeria Vitale, Jeffrey Becker, Frazer Brown, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Jonathan Prag, R. Talbert
Modifications: references, description
Actors: Tom Elliott

Lupia(e)

A settlement of the indigenous Messapii that was refounded under Roman influence in the third century B.C.
Creators: I.E.M. Edlund Berry, A.M. Small
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added name; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Lydia (Byzantine province)

The Byzantine province of Lydia, succeeding a late Roman province of the same name.
Creators: J.J. Wilkes, S. Mitchell, R.S. Bagnall, S.T. Parker
Contributors: Brian Z. Lund, Sean Gillies, M. Joann McDaniel, R. Talbert, Mary E. Downs, Tom Elliott
Modifications: initial revision
Actors: Tom Elliott

Lydia/Maionia (region)

Lydia was a region in Western Asia Minor, situation between Ionia on the west, Caria on the south, Phrygia on the east, and Mysia on the north. It was home to an Iron Age kingdom (q.v), and gave its name to a succession of administrative areas of the Roman empire and other states.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger, S. Mitchell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: description
Actors: Tom Elliott

Lydia (province)

The Late Roman (post-Diocletianic) province of Lydia.
Creators: J.J. Wilkes, S.T. Parker, R.S. Bagnall, W.V. Harris, A.S. Esmonde-Cleary, C.M. Wells, J.F. Drinkwater, R.C. Knapp, S. Mitchell
Contributors: Brian Z. Lund, R. Talbert, Mary E. Downs, M. Joann McDaniel, Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: description, connection; edited
Actors: Tom Elliott

Makra Kome

An ancient settlement and fortification in the upper Spercheios river valley, located near modern Varibopi in Greece.
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Robin Iversen Rönnlund, Tom Elliott, DARMC, G. Reger, R. Talbert
Modifications: baseline created; description
Actors: Tom Elliott

Makrinoi

A pre-Roman people settled in north-eastern Corsica (modern Casinca), mentioned by Ptolemy.
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: R. Talbert, Stefano Costa, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: baseline created; passes review and will be published.; reviewed and approved.
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Stefano Costa, Sean Gillies

Malborghetto

The hamlet of Malborghetto, located on the ancient Via Flaminia, is traditionally linked with Constantine the Great and his visions of victory that occurred prior to the battle of Saxa Rubra on 28 October A.D. 312. The quadrifons arch, dating to the fourth century, marks the intersection of the Via Flaminia and the Via Tiberina.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Malloura

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 72 D2 Malloura
Creators: D. Rupp
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Mantua

Mantua (modern Mantova) is a city of Etruscan origin that received Roman citizenship in 49 B.C.
Creators: M. Pearce, P. Tozzi
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Johan Åhlfeldt
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Mareia

Mareia is a Late Antique settlement in Egypt, with remains of harbor and industrial installations, baths, shops, a funerary church, and a large basilica.
Creators: A. Bernand
Contributors: Nicola Aravecchia, Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Iris Fernandez, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Tom Elliott
Modifications: remove cruft from description
Actors: Sean Gillies

Marianon Akron

A southern promontory of Corsica (modern Capo di Feno).
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: R. Talbert, Stefano Costa, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: description, geonames reference; initial revision
Actors: Tom Elliott

Maşat Höyük

A Bronze Age Hittite center ca. 100 km east of Boğazkale/Hattusa.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Mausoleum of Caecilia Metella

A tomb on the Via Appia south of Rome belonging to Caecilia Metella, a daughter of Metellus Creticus. She was born ca. 100 BC. In 1303 the tomb was incorporated into the Castrum Caetani, serving as the main tower of the fortification.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Melita/Malta (island)

The island of Malta, located in the Mediterranean Sea between Sicily and Libya.
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Valeria Vitale, Jonathan Prag, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Mesembria

Originally a Thracian site known as Menebria, Mesembria (or Nessebar) was subsequently settled by Dorian Greeks in the early sixth century BC, eventually becoming an important trading colony on the Black Sea coast. Listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983.
Creators: A.G. Poulter
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added name; added references, uwhs; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Metapontum

An important city of Magna Graecia, Metapontum was located on the Gulf of Tarentum. The Achaeans were responsible for its foundation, perhaps as early as the eighth century B.C.
Creators: I.E.M. Edlund Berry, A.M. Small
Contributors: DARMC, Jonathan Weiland, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Misenum (promontory)

A promontory that sheltered the ancient Portus Julius, the harborage of the Roman western imperial fleet. The feature takes its name from Misenus, one of the sailors aboard Aeneas' ship.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Moenjodaro

An ancient (third millennium BC) city of the Indian sub-continent connected with the Harappan Civilization. It was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1980.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications: edited
Actors: Tom Elliott

Monte Cila

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 F3 Monte Cila
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference, category
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Monte d'Accoddi

A ramped, megalithic structure in Sardinia dated to around 2700-2000 BC.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications: added location; created place; edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Monte Sirai

A Phoenician–Punic and later Roman settlement in southwestern Sardinia, Monte Sirai also has evidence for nuragic settlement during the second millennium BC.
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Monte Urralidi

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 48 A3 Monte Urralidi
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: DARMC, Jeffrey Becker, R. Talbert, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies
Modifications: added connection; edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Morgantina

An indigenous Sicilian site founded by the Morgeti, according to Strabo, Morgantina was eventually defeated by Syracuse and thus, in turn, passed into Roman hegemony in the third century B.C.
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Valeria Vitale, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Jonathan Prag, R. Talbert
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Mylae

An ancient Greek settlement on the north-east coast of Sicily, located at the base of a peninsula that juts into the Tyrrhenian Sea. A colony of Zancle, it was probably founded in the eighth or seventh century BC. In 260 BC, during the First Punic War, the Romans won their first major naval battle against the Carthaginians in the waters off Mylae.
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, Jonathan Prag, R. Talbert, Valeria Vitale
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Mystras

A fortified town in Laconia, Peloponnese, Greece, named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1989.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications: added reference; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Myttianus Pagus

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 unlocated Myttianus Pagus
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Nemausus

Nemausus (modern Nîmes) was the ancient capital of the Volcae Arecomici and later a Roman colony.
Creators: S. Loseby
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, R. Talbert, Ryan M. Horne
Modifications: baseline created
Actors: Sean Gillies

Nemesis

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 59 D2 Nemesis
Creators: J.S. Traill
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Dan Diffendale, Tom Elliott
Modifications: initial revision
Actors: Dan Diffendale

Nemus Sorabense/Sorabile

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 48 B2 Nemus Sorabense/Sorabile
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference; edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Nepet

Nepet had become a Roman town before 396 B.C. when Livy dubs it, along with Sutrium, as one of the "keys" to Etruria. It became a Roman colony in 383 B.C. and a municipium after the Social War.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Nora

A pre-Roman and Roman site in southern Sardinia.
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Elizabeth Robinson, Tom Elliott
Modifications: edited description, added connection and refs
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Nuraghe Santu Antine

A nuragic structure dating originally ca. 1,600 to 1,450 BC.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications: added location; created place; edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Nymphaion Pr.

A promontory of the Athos/Akte peninsula.
Creators: E.N. Borza
Contributors: R. Talbert, G. Reger, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: initial revision; more accurate location
Actors: Tom Elliott

Ocriculum

An ancient Umbrian city that became allied with Rome in 308 B.C.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added name; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Oiniadai

A city at the former mouth of the Achelous river.
Creators: W.M. Murray
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Johan Åhlfeldt
Modifications: update description, references, connection
Actors: Sean Gillies

Olbia

A Phoenician, Carthaginian, and Roman center in northeast Sardinia.
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: descriptions, references
Actors: Tom Elliott

Olophyxos

An ancient settlement on the Athos/Akte peninsula.
Creators: E.N. Borza
Contributors: DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, G. Reger, R. Talbert
Modifications: baseline created; description, connection
Actors: Tom Elliott

Omboi

The Ptolemaic temple to Sobek and Horus the Elder at Kom Ombo.
Creators: T. Wilfong, S.E. Sidebotham, Nate Nagy, J. Keenan
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Adam Prins, Jen Thum, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Herbert Verreth, Jonathan Fu, R. Talbert, Mark Depauw
Modifications: remove cruft from description
Actors: Sean Gillies

Oppido Lucano

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 45 C3 Oppido Lucano
Creators: I.E.M. Edlund Berry, A.M. Small
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Orbetello

A city of Tyrrhenian Etruria that came under Roman control in 280 B.C.; the Latin colony of Cosa was established nearby in 273 B.C.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ortona

An ancient site in Italy that most likely originates with the Frentani.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ossaia

Site of a Late Republican and Imperial Roman villa (first to fifth centuries A.D.)
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ostia

The port city of ancient Rome located at the mouth of the river Tiber.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Ryan M. Horne, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: edited description, connections
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ostia Synagogue

The ancient synagogue located in Ostia Antica is one of the oldest known synagogues in the world. The structure's earliest phase dates to the reign of Claudius and it continued in use until the fifth century.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications:
Actors:

Othoca

The site of a Phoenician port on the Gulf of Oristano in western Sardinia.
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: baseline created; description, connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Pachynum Pr.

A promontory of extreme southeastern Sicily.
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Valeria Vitale, Jonathan Prag, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added location; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Palaiokastro

Settlement/fortress descibed by Stählin (1924, 224-225); Béquignon (1937, 322-324; Fig. 16).
Creators: Robin Iversen Rönnlund
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: edited
Actors: Tom Elliott

Palmyra

An ancient oasis and trading city with monumental remains, located in modern Syria. Inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1980.
Creators: J.P. Brown, P.-L. Gatier
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, H. Kopp, Thomas Carlson, B. Siewert-Mayer, Gabriel Bodard, R. Talbert, Adam Prins, Valeria Vitale, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, DARMC, David Michelson, R. Warner, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: add feature types and description.; description, locations, categories, references; initial revision; retitle to just "palmyra". other names remain searchable.
Actors: Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott

Panormos (harbor)

An ancient harbor (limen) on the north coast of the Pelopnnese, mentioned by Pausanias as lying 15 stadia to the east of the Rhion Pr. (modern Rio in Greece).
Creators: G. Reger, J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Tom Elliott
Modifications: description, connections; edited
Actors: Tom Elliott

Panormos (settlement, port)

An ancient settlement presumed to have been co-located with a harbor (limen) mentioned by Pausanias as lying 15 stadia east of the Rhion Pr. (modern Rio in Greece), on the north coast of the Peloponnese.
Creators: G. Reger, J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: initial revision; title, description, location, connections
Actors: Tom Elliott

Paphlagonia (region)

The ancient region as defined in the Barrington Atlas (BAtlas 86 C2 Paphlagonia)
Creators: C. Foss
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Sebastian Heath, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited
Actors: Tom Elliott

Peloponnesus/Peloponnesos/Peloponnese

The large peninsula protuding into the Mediterranean Sea that constitutes the southern part of Greece. It is largely separated from mainland Greece on the north by the Corinthian Gulf, joining it only in the northeast via the narrow Isthmus of Corinth.
Creators: G. Reger, J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: Pierre Motylewicz, R. Talbert, Gabriel Moss, Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: baseline created; description, connections
Actors: Tom Elliott

Pergamum

An important ancient settlement, located at modern Bergama in Turkey. It was first described in Xenophon's Anabasis and was later used as a treasury under Lysimachus. Pergamum became the administrative capital and principal city of the Attalid kingdom and dynasty (282-133 BCE) and was briefly the first capital of the Roman province of Asia. It later was a seat of a Christian bishopric and is listed in Revelation as one of the seven churches of Asia. It was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2014 under "Pergamon and its Multi-Layered Cultural Landscape".
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger, S. Mitchell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, W. Röllig, Adam Rabinowitz, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp, DARMC, Hanna Smith, Francis Deblauwe, Sean Gillies, B. Siewert-Mayer, Lewin Ernest Staine, Ryan M. Horne, Eric Kansa
Modifications: description, connection, references
Actors: Tom Elliott

Perusia

A city of ancient Umbrian and Etruscan origin, Perusia aided Rome during the Second Punic War but was sieged and reduced by Octavian in the first century B.C. during campaigns against Lucius Antonius. It was rebuilt by Augustus and became Colonia Vibia Augusta Perusia quite late, in A.D. 251-3, under Trebonianus Gallus.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Philadelpheia

An ancient settlement of Asia Minor, modern Alaşehir, Turkey.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger, S. Mitchell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: description, connections, references
Actors: Tom Elliott

Phocaea

An ancient settlement of Asia Minor, modern Foça in Turkey.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger, S. Mitchell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Ryan M. Horne, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: description, connections, references
Actors: Tom Elliott

Pisae

A city situated on the Tyrrhenian seaboard and likely of Etruscan origin. Its early nature was that of a mercantile center. The city became a Roman colony in 89 B.C.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added name; added reference; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Poggio Civitate (Murlo)

An Etruscan elite complex of the seventh and sixth centuries B.C. located at Poggio Civitate, a hill adjacent to the medieval town of Murlo and about 25 km south of Siena.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, Eric Kansa
Modifications: baseline created; initial revision; title
Actors: Tom Elliott

Polonnaruwa

An ancient city of the Kingdom of Polonnaruwa dating ca. AD 1070. Inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1982.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications: added connection; added location; created place
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ponte dell'Abbadia

An ancient bridge over the Fiora river (the ancient Armenta) near Vulci. Ancient name unknown.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited
Actors: Tom Elliott

Portus

The great ancient maritime port of Rome, located on the right-hand bank of the Tiber river.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Potentia

A city settled in an area subjugated by Rome during the fourth century B.C. The local populace rebelled against Rome after the defeat at Cannae (216 B.C.), however the defeat of the Carthaginians eventually led to Potentia's reincorporation into the Roman sphere.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added reference; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Praeneste

An ancient city of central Italy, the eighth and seventh century B.C. origins of which demonstrate high-level trade contact with the Eastern Mediterranean world. The city withdrew from the Latin League (499 B.C.) and opposed Rome in the Latin war; Cincinnatus eventually subdued Praeneste. Sulla founded a new colony there in the first century B.C.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added category; added reference; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Priscilla

A Christian catacomb within an ancient quarry on the Via Salaria that was in use from the second until the fourth centuries AD. The Catacomb of Priscilla was likely named for Priscilla, a member of the gens Acilia, and contains the oldest known Marian painting (third century AD).
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Puente Romano (Talamanca del Jarama)

A five span stone bridge (Talamanca over R. Jarama, W Arriaca).
Creators: H.S. Sivan, S.J. Keay, R.W. Mathisen
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jean Luc PIROUX, Tom Elliott
Modifications: remove cruft from description
Actors: Sean Gillies

Pyxous/Buxentum (settlement)

An ancient coastal settlement of south Italy, modern Policastro Bussentino.
Creators: I.E.M. Edlund Berry, A.M. Small
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Qalat al-Bahrain

An ancient settlement with evidence from occupation stretching from 2300 BC to the sixteenth century AD that was at one time the capital of the Dilmun civilization. Qal’at al-Bahrain was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2005.
Creators: D.T. Potts
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added name; baseline created; description, connections, references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Regis Villa/Regae

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 B4 Regis Villa/Regae
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference; edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Regium Pr.

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 46 C5 Regium Pr.
Creators: I.E.M. Edlund Berry, A.M. Small
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Ryan M. Horne, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location; added name
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Rhegion/Regium

A site with settlement origins in the Bronze and Iron ages, Rhegion was eventually colonized by Chalcis in either 730 or 743 BC.
Creators: I.E.M. Edlund Berry, A.M. Small
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Ryan M. Horne, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added name; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Roma

The capital of the Roman Republic and Empire.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Sebastian Heath, Tom Elliott, R. Talbert
Modifications: edited; updated references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Roman Villa and Medieval Settlement at Piazza Armerina

The so-called "Villa Romana del Casale" (of Roman date) and the nearby settlement of Piazza Armerina, which seems to have been occupied by survivors from the villa site after it was destroyed in an earthquake in the early middle ages. The villa is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, in part because of its famous mosaics.
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: DARMC, Robert Consoli, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications:
Actors:

Rubico (river)

A river in northeastern Italy that served, during the late Roman Republic, as the southern boundary of the province of Cisalpine Gaul and which Caesar famously crossed with an army in 49 BCE thereby precipitating the Roman Civil War. Its modern location is debated (see "Connections" and "Details" sections).
Creators: M. Pearce, R. Peretto, P. Tozzi
Contributors: R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added name; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Rufrae

A Samnite settlement at the margins of Campania.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added name; added references and category; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Rusellae

An Etruscan city captured by Rome in 294 B.C., Rusellae's >2 mile circuit of megalithic walls represent an important early instance of stone fortification walling in the Italian peninsula.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, R. Talbert, Ryan M. Horne
Modifications: added references and category; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sacrum Pr. (promontory)

An ancient cape, identified with the Corsican islets now known as the Îles Finocchiarola, which extend from a small, northeastern promontory of the island into the Tyrrhenian Sea.
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: initial revision; published externally
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

S. Agnese

A titular church on the Via Nomentana, S. Agnese houses the remains of the eponymous saint. The present church was built by Pope Honorius I in the seventh century AD, on the site of a fourth century basilica built by Constantine I.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sallentinum/Iapygia

Cape Leuca, known as Sallentinum and Iapygia in ancient sources, is a headland that forms the extreme southeastern point of Italy and separates the Gulf of Tarentum from the Adriatic Sea.
Creators: I.E.M. Edlund Berry, A.M. Small
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Samnite Sanctuary at Pietrabbondante

An ancient sanctuary on the slope of Monte Saraceno in the modern Italian comune of Pietrabbondante.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added category
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sanctuary of Apollo on Delos

The famous sanctuary of Apollo on the Cycladic island of Delos.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: baseline created; description, title
Actors: Tom Elliott

Sanctuary of Zeus Lykaios

The sanctuary of Zeus Lykaios on Mt. Lykaion.
Creators: G. Reger, J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Dan Diffendale, Tom Elliott
Modifications: baseline created; initial revision
Actors: Dan Diffendale

Sane/Ouranopolis

An ancient settlement, located on the Athos/Akte peninsula.
Creators: E.N. Borza
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, G. Reger, R. Talbert
Modifications: baseline created; description, connection
Actors: Tom Elliott

Sapinuwa

Bronze Age Hittite city at the location of modern Ortaköy, Turkey
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications:
Actors:

Sarcapos

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 48 B3 Sarcapos
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sardinia (island)

The second largest island in the Mediterranean Sea
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Satricum

An ancient settlement on the right bank of the river Astura, Satricum has a mixed heritage of Latins and Volscians. In 499 B.C. Satricum was a member of the Latin League, but was under Volscian control in 488 B.C. The site is noted for its sanctuary of Mater Matuta.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added name; baseline created; description, references, locations
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

S. Callisto

A large catacomb on the Via Appia south of Rome notable especially for its so-called 'Crypt of the Popes'. The catacomb covers approximately 15 hectares.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Jonathan Weiland, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Sean Gillies
Modifications: added name; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Segesta/Egesta

A center of the Elymian people in northwestern Sicily.
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Valeria Vitale, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Jonathan Prag, R. Talbert
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sena Gallica

Located at the mouth of the river Misa, Sena Gallica was founded by the Senonian Gauls in the fourth century B.C. and became the site of Rome's earliest Adriatic colony before 280 B.C. Pompeius Magnus destroyed the city in 82 B.C.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: initial revision
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Senones

An ancient Gallic tribe that entered Italy after 400 BC and settled on the Adriatic coast from Forlì to Ancona, marking the so-called Ager Gallicus.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added connection; added reference; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sentinum

An ancient town in the region of Italy now known as Le Marche, Sentinum is perhaps best known for the pivotal Battle of Sentinum of the Third Samnite War that took place nearby in 295 BC.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Johan Åhlfeldt, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Serrone di Bove

The small hill known as "Il Poggio di Serrone di Bove" is located in the hinterland of ancient Norba and was the site of settlement activity. Architectural remains on the site include those of a polygonal masonry sub-struction or platform as well as an ancient roadway that be part of the road tract from Norba to Cora.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added category
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Setia

A Volscian settlement of the fifth century B.C. that became a Latin colony in 382 B.C.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references and category; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sicilia (island)

Sicily is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea and has been the site of human habitation since ca. 8,000 BC. In historical terms Sicily has seen important settlement activity connected to numerous culture groups - Punic, Carthaginian, Greek, Roman, Vandalic, Ostrogothic, Byzantine, Arabic, and Norman.
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: Pierre Motylewicz, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added name; added references; edited; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Sicilia (Roman province)

The Roman province of Sicilia (Sicily) was initially organized in 241 BC as a territory with a proconsular governor. The territory fell to the Vandals in AD 440 but was reclaimed by the Byzantines.
Creators: J.J. Wilkes, S.T. Parker, R.S. Bagnall, W.V. Harris, A.S. Esmonde-Cleary, C.M. Wells, J.F. Drinkwater, R.C. Knapp, S. Mitchell
Contributors: Brian Z. Lund, R. Talbert, Mary E. Downs, M. Joann McDaniel, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: initial revision
Actors: Tom Elliott

Siculum Fretum

A strait separating the eastern tip of Sicily and the southern tip of Calabria in the south of Italy.
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: R. Talbert, Gabriel McKee, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sigiriya

The capital city of the parricidal King Kassapa I (A.D. 477–95). The site was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1982.
Creators: M.U. Erdosy
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Jonathan Fu, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added connection; added reference; added references and uwhs; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Signia

A city of Latium Adjectum established as a Latin colony ca. 494 B.C.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added category
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sinues(s)a/Sinope

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 E3 Sinues(s)a/Sinope
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Ryan M. Horne, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sipous/Sipontum

A Greek colony that fell first under Samnite control, then was later taken by Alexander of Epirus. The site became a Roman colony in 189 BC.
Creators: I.E.M. Edlund Berry, A.M. Small
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Smyrna/Eurydikeia

An ancient settlement of Asia Minor, modern Izmir in Turkey.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger, S. Mitchell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Ryan M. Horne, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: description, connections, references
Actors: Tom Elliott

Sora

An ancient city of Latium located in the valley of the Liris river that likely had Volscian origins. The Romans captured the city in 345 BC and later established a colony there in 303 BC after the Second Samnite War.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added category; added connection; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Soros

The tumulus (burial mound) of the Athenian dead at Marathon.
Creators: J.S. Traill
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Dan Diffendale, Tom Elliott
Modifications: baseline created; description; initial revision
Actors: Dan Diffendale, Tom Elliott

Speluncae

An ancient grotto, associated with the nearby Villa Tiberii, at the modern Italian town of Sperlonga.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Spoletium

An ancient city along the route of the Via Flaminia; an initial colony was established there in 241 BC.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

S. Sebastianus

San Sebastiano in the territory of Alatri originates in the late fifth century.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Statonia

An ancient city of south Etruria.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Stobi

An ancient town of Paeonia that eventually became the capital of the Roman province of Macedonia Salutaris.
Creators: E.N. Borza
Contributors: DARMC, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Johan Åhlfeldt, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Stratonicaea/Hadrianopolis

An ancient settlement of Lydia, located near modern Siledik in Turkey.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger, S. Mitchell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: description, connections, reference
Actors: Tom Elliott

Suessa Aurunca

The ancient center of the Aurunci, Suessa Aurunca was abandoned in 337 B.C. for a more favorable site (modern Sessa) where a Latin colony was established in 313 B.C.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sulci(s)

Modern Tortolì, Sardinia.
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: baseline created; description, connections
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Sulmo

A chief settlement of the Peligni that was ravaged by the Carthaginians during the Second Punic War.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added name; added reference; added references and category; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sutrium

An ancient settlement along the line of what would become the Roman Via Cassia and described by Livy, together with Nepet, as one of the keys to Etruria. A Latin colony was founded at the site after the fall of Veii.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sybaris/Thurii/Copia

Sybaris was an ancient city of Magna Graecia founded as an Achaean colony as early as 720 B.C. on a plain drained by both the Crati and Sybaris rivers.
Creators: I.E.M. Edlund Berry, A.M. Small
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added reference; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Tainaron (settlement)

An ancient settlement, located near the tip of a southern peninsula of the Peloponnese, known also by the name "Tainaron" in antiquity (modern Cape Matapon in Greece).
Creators: G. Reger, J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: title, description, connections
Actors: Tom Elliott

Taprobane/Palaisimoundou/Salike (island)

The island of Sri Lanka.
Creators: M.U. Erdosy
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference; edited; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Taras/Tarentum/Neptunia

A Greek colonial city founded in 706 B.C.
Creators: I.E.M. Edlund Berry, A.M. Small
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Tarracina(e)/Anxur

A strategic Volscian city that had come under Roman control by 509 B.C.; a Roman citizen colony was established there in 329 B.C. The site is particularly notable for the remains of the terraced sanctuary of Iuppiter Anxur.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references and category; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Tauromenium

Tauromenium was an ancient city in Sicily founded in 358 B.C.
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Valeria Vitale, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Tchogha Zanbil

An ancient Elamite complex founded ca. 1250 BC by the king Untash-Napirisha. Tchogha Zanbil was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1979.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Sean Gillies, Francis Deblauwe, B. Siewert-Mayer, Eric Kansa, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp
Modifications:
Actors:

Teanum Apulum

A town in ancient Apulia located between Larinum and and Sipontum. Rome took control of the site in 318 BC, granting it municipal status.
Creators: I.E.M. Edlund Berry, A.M. Small
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added reference and edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Tegula

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 48 A4 Tegula
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Tentyra

The Ptolemaic temple to Hathor at Dendera.
Creators: T. Wilfong, S.E. Sidebotham, J. Keenan
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Adam Prins, Jen Thum, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Herbert Verreth, R. Talbert, Nate Nagy, Mark Depauw
Modifications: remove cruft from description
Actors: Sean Gillies

Teos

An ancient Ionian settlement of Asia Minor, located at modern Siğacik in Turkey.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger, S. Mitchell
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, R. Talbert, Ryan M. Horne
Modifications: description, connections, references
Actors: Tom Elliott

Tharros

An ancient Phoenician settlement located in western Sardinia on a promontory in the Gulf of Oristano. While it originates as a Punic or Carthaginian settlement ca. 700 BC it continued as a major town in Roman times.
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert
Modifications: added name
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Thebai Phthiotides

A city located nend of the ancient Krokian plain
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, G. Reger, Robin Iversen Rönnlund, Tom Elliott
Modifications:
Actors:

Thyateira

An ancient settlement of Asia Minor, located at modern Akhisar in Turkey. Visible remains today are limited; they include the archaeological area of Tepe Mezarı in the center of the modern town.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger, S. Mitchell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: description, connections, references; edited
Actors: Tom Elliott

Thyssos

An ancient settlement, located on the Athos/Akte peninsula.
Creators: E.N. Borza
Contributors: DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, G. Reger, R. Talbert
Modifications: baseline created; description, connection
Actors: Tom Elliott

Ticinum

An ancient city of Gallia Transpadana, Ticinum lay along the line of the ancient Via Aemilia. Today Ticinum is the modern city of Pavia.
Creators: M. Pearce, P. Tozzi
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added name; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Tipasa

An ancient settlement and emporion.
Creators: D.J. Mattingly
Contributors: DARMC, Jonathan Fu, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added uwhs
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Tisavar

A Roman fortlet in Tripolitana (modern Ksar Ghilane in Tunisia).
Creators: D.J. Mattingly
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Holger R.E. Jürgenliemk, Tom Elliott
Modifications: baseline created; correct datas of this fortlet; initial revision; modern names, description, wikipedia reference, connection
Actors: Holger R.E. Jürgenliemk, Tom Elliott

Titianoi

A people settled on the coast of south-western Corsica (area of modern Tizzano).
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: R. Talbert, Stefano Costa, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: description, connection
Actors: Tom Elliott

Titianos Limen

A settlement on the coast of south-western Corsica, in the territory of the Titianoi.
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Stefano Costa, Tom Elliott
Modifications: baseline created; description, connection
Actors: Stefano Costa, Tom Elliott

Torre de Hércules

A lighthouse that has served as a marker for the La Coruña harbor since the late first century AD.
Creators: E.W. Haley
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added name; added references and uwhs; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Trapezus

An ancient settlement of Asia Minor on the south coast of the Black Sea. Modern Trabzon in Turkey.
Creators: T. Sinclair, David Braund
Contributors: Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp, DARMC, R. Talbert, B. Siewert-Mayer, Diane Braund, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: description, connection, references
Actors: Tom Elliott

Trebula Balli(ni)ensium

An ancient city of Campania that became enfranchised in the Roman system in the late fourth century B.C.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references and category; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Troizen

An ancient settlement, located in the Peloponnese.
Creators: G. Reger, J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: Pierre Motylewicz, DARMC, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: description, connections, pecs references
Actors: Tom Elliott

Turris Libisonis

A settlement of northwestern Sardinia, located at the mouth of the Mannu River. The site served as a port in Phoenician, Carthaginian, and Roman phases of occupation. The modern Porto Torres stands on the site, about 10 miles distant from Sassari.
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added name; initial revision; names, description, connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Ulcisia Castra/Castra Constantia

A Roman military camp on the Pannonian Limes, at modern Szentendre in Hungary.
Creators: M. Šašel Kos, P. Kos
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, Holger R.E. Jürgenliemk
Modifications: added wikipedia references, via holgerj; baseline created
Actors: Tom Elliott

Unnamed bridge over the Simbruina Stagna (Anio flumen) at Villa Neronis

Unlabeled feature captured from the Barrington Atlas
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Unnamed earthwork in the Tebaga Gap

The so-called "Tebaga clausura", a Roman earthwork located northeast of Bezereos at Tebaga in Tunisia.
Creators: D.J. Mattingly
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Holger R.E. Jürgenliemk, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: initial revision; title, description, reference (mattingly 2005, via holgerj), panoramio links, connection
Actors: Holger R.E. Jürgenliemk, Tom Elliott

Uria

An ancient city of the Messapii.
Creators: I.E.M. Edlund Berry, A.M. Small
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Johan Åhlfeldt
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Usel(l)is

A Roman colonia in western Sardinia.
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added name; baseline created; description, modern name, references, details, connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Vanacini

The name of an ancient people inhabiting the northeastern portion of Corscia
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: description, connections
Actors: Tom Elliott

Vatl/Vetulonia

The Etruscan Vatluna resisted Rome's influence in the seventh century, although the city may have been the source of Rome's adoption of the curule chair and the fasces.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Velia/Elea

The ancient city of Elea / Velia was said to have been founded by Phocaean Greeks in the sixth century B.C. and then became an ally of Rome in the third century B.C.
Creators: I.E.M. Edlund Berry, A.M. Small
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added category
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Velunia(te)

A Roman fort associated with the Antonine Wall at modern day Carriden House. It does not lie on the Wall itself, but rather is 1.3 km to the south east of the Wall's eastern terminus at Bridgeness.
Creators: A.S. Esmonde Cleary
Contributors: R. Talbert, Jeffrey Becker, Scott Vanderbilt, Tom Elliott, DARMC, James Cowey, R. Warner, Sean Gillies
Modifications: initial revision
Actors: James Cowey

Venafrum

Venafrum was an ancient town of Campania.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added reference, category
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Vercellae

Originally a captial of the Libici, a tribe of Ligurians, Vercellae became an important Roman municipium.
Creators: M. Pearce, P. Tozzi
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added name; added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Verulae

Verulae is an ancient city that became a Roman municipium in 90 B.C.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Vicalvi

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 E2 Vicalvi
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added category
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Villacidro

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 48 A3 Villacidro
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references; connection
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Villamagna

A large imperial Roman villa known from letters of Marcus Aurelius.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Elizabeth Fentress, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Villa Maxentii

A complex on the Via Appia constructed by Maxentius in the early fourth century A.D.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: baseline created; description, connection
Actors: Tom Elliott

Villa Pamphili

The church of San Pancrazio was founded in the sixth century A.D. by Pope Symmachus. It stands beyond the Porta San Pancrazio on the Ianiculum. Below the church is a massive catacomb referred to as S. Pancrazio or Ottavilla.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Villa Tiberii

A coastal villa at Sperlonga associated with the Roman emperor Tiberius.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Volubilis

A town of Mauretania Tingitana and a Roman colony.
Creators: M. Euzennat
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jean Luc PIROUX, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, R. Warner, R. Talbert, Jonathan Fu
Modifications: added uwhs
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Volusii

A villa associated with the Volusii Saturnini built ca. 50 B.C.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: baseline created
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Zancle/Messana

Zancle was founded as Greek colony in the eighth century B.C.
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, Jonathan Prag, R. Talbert, Valeria Vitale
Modifications: added references; edited description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker