Pleiades Change Log: 2024-01-01 - 2024-01-31

Aedes Salus

While consul in 311 BCE, Caius Iunius Bubulcus Brutus vowed the temple of Salus; he would later dedicate it as dictator in 302 BCE. While no physical remains of the temple are known, textual and epigraphic testimony suggest that it would have been located near the present-day Piazza del Quirinale.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Aedes Serapis

Caracalla dedicated a temple to Serapis in Regio VI. Its dedication is confirmed via epigraphic elements and some of its architectural elements are also known. It was located on the Collis Latiaris, which is the southern most part of the Quirinal Hill.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Alazlı

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Armalausi

An ancient people whose territory is unlocated. Attested on the Peutinger map, the ethnonym Armalausi is likely related to the river called Armisa.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Bitwātā

Find site for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Castle of Astypalaia

Remains of a Venetian castle atop the former ancient citadel of Astypalaia.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Church of the Nativity

A church that many claim marks the birthplace of Jesus Christ is located in Bethlehem, now in the State of Palestine in the West Bank. The original church built on the site was commissioned by Constantine I and dedicated in May 339 CE. The church was destroyed by fire, likely in 529, and replaced by Justinian I.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Clivus Salutis

The Clivus Salutis was a street of ancient Rome located on the southwest end of the Quirinal Hill. Its name - Clivus Salutis - is attested in Symmachus and is thought to be the same as the epigraphically attested vicus Salutis or Salutaris.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Colonnacce

Le Colonnacce refers to preserved elements of the lateral, north-south Corinthian-order colonnades that flanked the Forum Transitorium.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Dicle Tüneli

Tigris tunnel, a cave of about 750m in which are rock reliefs.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Emporium

The river port of the ancient city of Rome that was located between the Aventine Hill and the Rione Testaccio, formally established perhaps in 193 BCE.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Brady Kiesling

Guadalimar

The River Guadalimar is a right-bank tributary of the Guadalquivir.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

heroon of Aeneas

A tumulus at Lavinium located near the Latin federal sanctuary that has been associated with the tomb of Aeneas and/or a heroön dedicated to him.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Hither Province (Pylos)

The Hither Province of Mycenaean Pylos, containing nine settlements as recorded in the Linear B tablets.
Creators: Maija Gierhart
Contributors:

Ishān al-Sama‘a

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Kārībahīn

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Knaresborough

The Knaresborough hoard was discovered in 1864. It contained the largest hoard of Romano-British copper-alloy vessels discovered to date in Roman Britain.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Kocapınar

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Kūy Sīnjāq

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Military Bath House at Vindolanda

One of two Roman Bath Houses known at Vindolanda.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Mura greche di Hipponion

The Greek walls of the city of Hipponion, later Vibo Valentia, were established in the sixth century BCE. They originally stood to some 10 meters in height and had a circuit of 6 to 7 kilometers. The extant tracts were rediscovered in the early twentieth century and excavated by Paolo Orsi.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Ōdzaberd

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Qā`lah Arbīl

Citadel mound of modern Erbil, find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Roman forum of Iulium Carnicum

The Roman forum and civic basilica at Iulium Carnicum (modern Zuglio)
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Sa‘ad wa Sa‘ayd

Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Salve necropolis

A Chalcolithic necropolis with tumulus-type tombs.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Santo Stefano al Monte Celio

The Basilica of Saint Stephen in the Round on the Caelian Hill is an ancient titular church located on the Caelian Hill in Rome. Its earliest phase belongs to the reign of Pope Simplicius (468-483). The early martyr Saint Stephen was honored in the church's consecration. Its circular plan is highly unusual.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Sārabtā

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Sardarapat

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Sarıkamış

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Sarmaç

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Savacık

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Sepolcro dei Pancrazi

Sepolcro dei Pancrazi is a Roman tomb on the Via Latina dated to the late first or early second century CE. It belonged to a collegium funerarium (funerary college) of the Pancratii, a name attested in two extant inscriptions. The burial chambers are well-appointed with floor mosaics and frescoed walls, as well as stucco decorations.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Shahdād

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Shephela

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Shīshīn

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Sihke

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Siyah Chas̱mah

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Spandaryan

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Statua Valeriana

A statue included in the Regionary Catalogue for Regio XIV, the Statua Valeriana evidently honored some members of the gens Valeria. It is possible that this statue in the Transtiberim replaced a bronze equestrian statue that depicted Cloelia or perhaps Valeria, the daughter of Valerius Poplicola, that had stood in summa Sacra Via until it was destroyed by fire prior to the time of Dionysius of Halicarnassus. Based on a Trajanic inscription (CIL 6, 975), the statue lent its name to a vicus.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Suhairy

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Süngütaşı

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Surkh Dum Lurī

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Tabor

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Tall Abū Ṣālabīkh

The find spot for a cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Tall Afghanī

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Tall al-‘Agāmiyya

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Tall al-A‘shārnah

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Tall al-Farḥa

Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Tall al-Majātil

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Tall al-Sifr

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Tall ‘Atij

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Tall Faqūs

Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Tall-i Spīd

FInd place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Tall Sabā

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Tall Saka

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Tall Shimshārah

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Tall Siānū

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors: rrattenobrg

Tall Sītak

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Tall Suwaiyhat

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Tall Umm al-ʻAjarib

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Tall Warīsh

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Tall Yalkhī

Mound and find place for cuneiform inscription, partly submerged.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Tall Yārah

Mound and find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Tall Zubīdī

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Tʻanahat

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Tapah Barmī

Mound and find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Tapah Gārān

Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Tapah Mūsiyān

Find site for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Tapah Sīyalk

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Tapah Sofālīn

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Tappeh Graziani

Small settlement located approximately 10km southeast of Shahr-i Sokhta in the Sistan Plain, eastern Iran, inhabited from the first half of the 3rd millennium BCE until approximately 2350 BCE.
Creators: Gabriel Mckee
Contributors:

Tarjān

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Ṭarṭūs

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Taşburun

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Ṭashtepe

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Taşköprü

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Ṭawīlān

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Tell Ba'arura Shargi

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Tell Johfiyeh

Settlement in northern Jordan dated to the Iron Age.
Creators: Gabriel Mckee
Contributors:

Theban Tomb 320

Theban Tomb 320, known as the "Royal Cache," was constructed during the 18th Dynasty near Deir el-Bahari. It was used as a secondary burial site for over 50 royal and noble mummies during the New Kingdom period.
Creators: Gabriel Mckee
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Thermae Constantinianae

The last of the great imperial baths of the ancient city of Rome, the Thermae Constantinianae were constructed in Regio VI, perhaps replacing the pre-existing Balineum Claudianum. They were located at the southern end of the Quirinal Hill, between the Vicus Longus and the Alta Semita. Substantial remains existed until the sixteenth century and they were sketched by A. Palladio and E. Du Pérac. The completion of the Palazzo Pallavicini-Rospigliosi in 1621 eliminated the majority of the ancient remains.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Tilbes Höyük

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Tilmen Höyük

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Tsovak

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Ṭūbzāwah

Find place for stele with cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Tūl-i Gīlān

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Tulūl ‘Adāy

FInd place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Ṭulūl al-Ḥumr

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Tulūl al-Khāldiyah

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Tulūl Yassir

Mound and find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Ṭūz Khūrmātū

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Umm al-Ḥafriyāt

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Umm al-Wawiya

Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Unnamed road

An unnamed road included in Barrington Atlas map 42
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Richard Talbert; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott

Unnamed road

An unnamed road included in Barrington Atlas map 42
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Richard Talbert; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott

Unnamed road

An unnamed road included in Barrington Atlas map 42
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Richard Talbert; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott

Unnamed road

An unnamed road included in Barrington Atlas map 42
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Richard Talbert; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott

Unnamed road

An unnamed road included in Barrington Atlas map 42
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Richard Talbert; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott

Unnamed road

An unnamed road included in Barrington Atlas map 42
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Richard Talbert; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott

Vardatsor

The findspot for a cuneiform inscription, Vardadzor is a village located in the Gegharkunik Province of Armenia.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Visigothic necropolis, Duratón

A Visigothic necropolis at Duratón, Spain, that was discovered in 1929.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Wingate

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Yalçınkaya

Yalçınkaya is a modern settlement about 8km to the south of Patnos in the Ağrı province in eastern Turkey. In the courtyard of Kızılkaya Church (today Yalçınkaya) a stele with an inscription of the Urartian king Minua (9th / 8th century BCE) was found.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors: Birgit Christiansen; Tom Elliott

Yalındüz

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Yassi Höyük

Mound and find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Yāsūj

The findspot for a cuneiform inscription, Yasuj is a city located in Iran's Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Yazılıtaş

Find place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Yeşilağaç

FInd place for cuneiform inscription.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:

Ziggurat at Nippur

A Ziggurat in the city of Nippur that was constructed under Ur-Nammu during the 21st century BCE and renovated under Esarhaddon and Assurbanipal during the 7th century BCE.
Creators: Gabriel Mckee
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Abasenoi

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 4 B3 Abasenoi
Creators: D.T. Potts
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: RE Abasenoi
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Abaton

An ancient site designated as the burial place of Osiris-Serapis.
Creators: J. Keenan; S.E. Sidebotham; T. Wilfong
Contributors: Gabriel Mckee; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Abra

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 27 A4 Abra
Creators: P.O. Spann
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Achillikos

An ancient settlement, attested by literary or documentary sources, whose precise location cannot be determined today
Creators: C. Foss; G. Reger
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: created connection "Astypalaia (island)"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Ad Calorem

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 45 A2 Ad Calorem
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ad Canales

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 unlocated *Ad Canales
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: add TP reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Addume (river)

A river attested in ancient sources between Cissi and Rusuccuru, it is perhaps to be identified with the modern Oued Sebaou.
Creators: T.W. Potter
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: modified OSM location of Sebaou River (uncertain, less certain); created OSM location of Sebaou River; modified name "Oued Sebaou" (Initial revision, Create, Submit for review)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Ad Fines?

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 66 D3 Ad Fines?
Creators: S. Mitchell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; modified name "Ad Fines" (add TP name, TP reference)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Ad Fines

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 41 C3 Ad Fines
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references, add ItMiller
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ad Fines/Ad Casas Caesarianas

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 B1 Ad Fines/Ad Casas Caesarianas
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ad Fines (Laktaši)

An attested Roman road station that modern scholars have associated with Laktaši near Banja Luka in Bosnia.
Creators: M. Šašel Kos; P. Kos
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: summary; title; update references; modified DARE Location (associated modern); created OSM location of modern Laktaši
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Ad Fluvium Angitulam

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 46 D4 Ad Fluvium Angitulam
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; created name "Annicia"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Ad Fonteclos

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 39 F4 Ad Fonteclos
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ad Fretum Ad Statuam

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 46 unlocated Ad Fretum Ad Statuam
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ad Ladios

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 20 E5 Ad Ladios
Creators: M. Šašel Kos; P. Kos
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ad Mallias

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 46 unlocated Ad Mallias
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: RE Ἀβάλας λιμήν
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ad Mallias

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 46 C5 Ad Mallias
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ad Pyrum/Ad Pyr

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 unlocated Ad Pyr(um)
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: TM GEO ID 41852: Ad Pyrum
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ad Salices

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 22 unlocated Ad Salices
Creators: A.G. Poulter
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Aeclanum

An ancient settlement in Samnium that came to be associated with the Hirpini.
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: edited; update references; modified OSM location of Parco Archeologico Aeclanum (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Aelana/Aila

The city of Aqaba on the Red Sea.
Creators: D.F. Graf
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Eric Kansa; Francis Deblauwe; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; B. Siewert-Mayer; DARMC; H. Kopp; R. Talbert; W. Röllig
Modifications: modified name "Aila" (removed invalid romanized forms); modified name "Aila" (removed invalid romanized forms); modified name "Aila" (removed invalid romanized forms)
Actors: Tom Elliott

Aemate

An ancient community located in the area of modern Dobrnja in the municipality of Banja Luka, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It appears (possibly as a road station) in the Antonine Itineraries, the Peutinger Map, and the Ravenna geographer.
Creators: M. Šašel Kos; P. Kos
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; Ewan Coopey; R. Talbert
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ager Cosanus survey area

The term "Ager Cosanus" refers to the territorium (territory) of the Latin right colony of Cosa, reportedly established by Rome in south Etruria in 273 B.C. following conflict with the Etruscan city of Vulci. The colonial center of Cosa has been the subject of ongoing archaeological inquiry since the late 1940s. Beginning in the 1970s, the hinterland of the city was subjected to intensive archaeological field survey. The Wesleyan University survey of the rural hinterland of Cosa identified approximately 132 sites.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: Ciampoltrini 1981
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Agunia (river)

Agunia fl. (Agogna river) is a river of northern Italy and a tributary of the Padus fl. (Po river).
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ain Toukria

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 29 G1 Ain Toukria
Creators: T.W. Potter
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ake/Ptolemais

The Phoenician city of Akko was re-founded by Ptolemy II Philadelphos from ca. 285-246 B.C.
Creators: E.M. Meyers; J.P. Brown
Contributors: Adam Prins; Brady Kiesling; Eric Kansa; Francis Deblauwe; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Jamie Novotny; Noah Kaye; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; B. Siewert-Mayer; DARMC; H. Kopp; Herbert Verreth; Jen Thum; Mark Depauw; R. Talbert; W. Röllig
Modifications: Brody 2023
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Akrai?

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 55 B3 Akrai?
Creators: J. Fossey; J. Morin
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; G. Reger; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Akrai?

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 55 A3 Akrai?
Creators: J. Fossey; J. Morin
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; G. Reger; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

[Akrokos]

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 62 B3 [Akrokos]
Creators: T. Drew Bear
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Akropolis Passaron

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 54 C2 Akropolis Passaron
Creators: W.M. Murray
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; created OSM location of Ακρόπολη Πασσαρώνας
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Alabon (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 47 G4 Alabon fl.
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified OSM location of Torrente Cantera (associated modern); created OSM location of Torrente Cantera
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Alba Fucens

A town of the Aequi along the Marsic frontier where the Romans established a Latin colony in 304/3 B.C. Alba Fucens was a significant center of the middle republican period and became a place where Rome kept state prisoners, including Syphax of Numidia, Perseus of Macedonia, and Bituitus, king of the Arverni.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; update references; update references; created OSM location of Alba Fucens
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Albinia (river)

The Albegna is a river of southern Tuscany and flows from Monte Amiata to the Tyrrhenian Sea.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: edited; modified OSM location of Albegna river course (Reimported full relation geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Albula (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 F3 Albula fl.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references, add Pliny reference; modified location of Torrente Albula (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance); modified name "Albula" (Baseline created, add Latin name, add Pliny reference)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Alfaterni

An ancient people whose territory is unlocated
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Algidus (mountain)

Algidus (mons) refers to the eastern rim of the dormant Alban volcano in the Alban Hills of central Italy, known today as Monte Artemisio.
Creators: L. Quilici; S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Alma (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 41 D4 Alma fl.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Alsium

Alsium served as a port for Caere, together with Fregenae.
Creators: L. Quilici; S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: add arachne, tgn references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Alta Semita

The Alta Semita was an urban street running along the spine of the Quirinal Hill. The Alta Semita also lent its name to the sixth Augustan region of the city.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ameria

Ameria, claimed by Cato the Elder as the oldest town in Umbria, was an important center that may have gained Roman municipal status as early as 338 B.C., following the Latin War.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: TGN 7005148: Amelia (inhabited place); update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ametinum

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 unlocated Ametinum
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: created name "Amitinenses"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Aminaion

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 unlocated Aminaion
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Amiternum

Amiternum was an ancient settlement of the Sabines that Rome captured in 293 BC. The settlement was situated at the intersection of four Roman roads: the Via Caecilia, the Via Claudia Nova, and the two branches of the Via Salaria. The historian Sallust was born at Amiternum in 86 B.C.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: TGN 7009082: San Vittorino (inhabited place); update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ammonos Balithonos Akra/Caput Vada

This promontory, known today as Ras Kaboudia, is the easternmost point of the coast of Tunisia.
Creators: R.B. Hitchner
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Néhémie Strupler; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: summary; cleaned up references; added RE, Geonames, Wikidata and Arabic Wikipedia references; Add description; created BAtlas location of Ammonos Balithonos Akra/Caput Vada; created location "OSM Location: Caput Vada"; created Geonames Location of Rass Kaboudia, Tunisia; modified name "Brachodes Akra" (greek, Baseline created, dates, Ptolemy reference); modified name "Ras Kaboudia" (Baseline created, added alternate romanized forms, arabic); created name "Ras Kaboudia"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Néhémie Strupler; Tom Elliott

Amphilysos (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 61 unlocated Amphilysos fl.
Creators: C. Foss; G. Reger
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: created connection "Samos (island)"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Amphitheater of Pompeii

The Amphitheater of Pompeii is the earliest known surviving example of a Roman amphitheater. It was built between 80 and 70 B.C.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; add arachne; created OSM location of Amphitheatre of Pompeii
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Anatho

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 91 C3 Anatho
Creators: M. Roaf; St J. Simpson
Contributors: Carolin Johansson; Jeffrey Becker; Rune Rattenborg; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; created CIGS location of ‘Anah; created name "‘Anah"
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Tom Elliott

Ancon(a)

A port city founded by colonists from Syracuse in 387 BC.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: edited; created connection "Unnamed road"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Anemo (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 40 B4 Anemo fl.
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi; R. Peretto
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; created OSM location of Lamone
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Angelum

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 unlocated Angelum
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Angitula (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 46 D4 Angitula fl.
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; modified OSM location of Fiumara Angitola (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance); created connection "Lametikos Kolpos"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Anneianum

Now unlocated, Anneianum was located in Venetia, along the road from Aquileia to Bononia.
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi; R. Peretto
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Antiocheia pros Tauro

Antiocheia pros Tauro or Antiochia ad Taurum was a Hellenistic city located in Cilicia. Some modern scholarship places the ancient city at the site of modern Gaziantep, Gaziantep Province, Turkey.
Creators: P.-L. Gatier; T. Sinclair
Contributors: Francis Deblauwe; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; Francis Deblauwe; M. Ballance; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: wikidata Antiochia ad Taurum (Q303856)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Apitami

An ancient people of Arabia.
Creators: D.T. Potts
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Apollo Delios, T.

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 61 unlocated Apollo Delios, T.
Creators: C. Foss; G. Reger
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: created connection "Naxos (island)"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Apollonia

An ancient road station and settlement along the Via Egnatia in Mygdonia, between Amphipolis and Thessaoniki. Located near the modern municipality of Nea Apollonia in the Thessaloniki province of Greece. Possibly at a location now called Polina (Papazoglou) or a site between Nea Apollonia and Kokkalou excavated by Hatzopoulos in the early 1990s.
Creators: E.N. Borza
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: created connection "Mygdonia"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Apuani

The Apuani were a Ligurian tribe of northwest Italy.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Michael Heubel; Ryan Horne; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; Richard Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Aqua Antoniniana

The Aqua Antoniniana was a branch of the Aqua Marcia that carried water to the Baths of Caracalla.
Creators: L. Quilici; S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Aqua Crabra

An aqueduct supplying villas in the area of the city of Tusculum, mentioned by both Cicero and Frontinus.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: RE Crabra aqua; wikipedia reference as source; TM GEO ID 62256: Aqua Crabra; modified connection "Tusculum" (add reference)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Aquae Apollinares

The Aquae Apollinares were thermal springs located between Careiae and Tarquinii, perhaps to be associated with the Bagni di Stigliano or Bagni di Vicarello.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Ryan Horne; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: created connection "Unnamed road"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Aquileia

An ancient Roman city initially founded ca. 181/180 B.C., Aquileia is especially important in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.
Creators: H. Bender
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Stefano Costa; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; G. Moosbauer; M. Puhane; R. Talbert
Modifications: Basso 2024
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Aquinum

Aquinum was a municipium by the time of Cicero. It was thought to be the place of birth for the satirist Juvenal and the emperor Pescennius Niger.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Arabicus Sinus/Erythr(ae)um/Rubrum Mare

Arabicus Sinus/Erythr(ae)um/Rubrum Mare (The Red Sea) is an inlet of the Indian Ocean located between Africa and Asia.
Creators: D.T. Potts
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Perry Scalfano; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Aradarum/Hardea/Ardea

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 3 unlocated Aradarum/(H)Ardea
Creators: M. Roaf
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; Brian Z. Lund; M. Joann McDaniel; Mary E. Downs; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified name "Aradarum" (add TP reference)
Actors: Tom Elliott

Araghju

A prehistoric site of the Torrean civilization in Corsica.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: created OSM location of Castellu d’Araghju
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Arcinazzo

An imperial villa of the Trajanic and Hadrianic periods located on the Altipiani di Arcinazzo.
Creators: L. Quilici; S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: edited; edited; update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Argentarius (mountain)

A promontory stretching towards the Tyrrhenian Sea in correspondence of the two southernmost islands of the Tuscan Archipelago.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Argiletum

The Argiletum was a street of ancient Rome that passed from the Forum Romanum and crossed the Suburra. Its route more or less followed that of the modern streets Via Leonina and Via della Madonna dei Monti.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: created OSM location of Argiletum; created name "Argiletum"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Argilos

An ancient Greek colony on the Thracian coast, established according to literary sources in the 7th century BCE. The latest archaeological evidence for activity at the site dates to the late third century BCE. The site is located about 3km southwest along the coast from the modern mouth of the Strymon river, near the modern Greek town of Sikia.
Creators: E.N. Borza
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; G. Reger; R. Talbert
Modifications: RE Argilos
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Armenokhori

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 61 C4 Armenokhori
Creators: C. Foss; G. Reger
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: created connection "Astypalaia (island)"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

*Armisa (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 12 C4 *Armisa fl.
Creators: H. Bender
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; G. Moosbauer; M. Puhane; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; modified OSM Location of the modern Erms river (Reimported full relation geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ar(r)olos

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 50 D2 Ar(r)olos
Creators: E.N. Borza
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Artemis

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 52 H4 Artemis
Creators: C. Foss
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Artemision

The possible site of the temple of Artemis Proseoa beneath the Ag. Georgios chapel, Artemision (Kourbatsi) Euboea.
Creators: J. Fossey; J. Morin
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; G. Reger; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Artemision

A famous temple of Artemis Phakelitis at Mylae, now unlocated.
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Artemision (mountain)

A mountain located between Argolis and Arcadia, with a temple of Artemis at its summit.
Creators: G. Reger; J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; modified OSM location of Artemisio (Reimported full node geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Artemision? Pr.

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 65 A4 Artemision? Pr.
Creators: C. Foss; S. Mitchell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; modified OSM location (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ashqelon/Ascalon

Ashqelon/Ascalon was an ancient city in coastal Palestine, located midway between Azotus and Gaza. It became independent in 104 B.C. and remained the only free city in Palestine. Strabo refers to it, while Pliny calls it a free city (oppidum libera).
Creators: B. Isaac
Contributors: Adam Prins; Brady Kiesling; Carolin Johansson; Eric Kansa; Francis Deblauwe; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Jamie Novotny; Rune Rattenborg; Sarah Bond; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; B. Siewert-Mayer; DARMC; H. Kopp; Herbert Verreth; Jen Thum; Mark Depauw; R. Talbert; W. Röllig
Modifications: created OSM location of אשקלון; created CIGS location of Isqalluna; created name "Isqalluna"
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Astura

Astura was once a coastal island of Latium and is now a small peninsula at the southeastern edge of the Bay of Antium.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Asturica (Augusta)

Asturica (Augusta) was the capital of the Conventus Asturum. An Augustan colony was established in 14 B.C.
Creators: E.W. Haley
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ateste

Ateste was a city of northern Italy, located in the interior of Venetia.
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi; R. Peretto
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Athenon Akron

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 87 F3 Athenon Akron
Creators: David Braund; T. Sinclair
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; Diane Braund; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Atrianorum Paludes

Lagoons of the Po (Padus) river delta near (H)Atria
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi; R. Peretto
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; modified name "Atrianorum Paludes" (add Latin name, add Pliny reference)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Aufidus (river)

The Aufidus is the longest of the rivers in Apulia.
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Gabriel Mckee; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Augusta Bagiennorum

Augusta Bagiennorum was a chief settlement of the Bagienni, a Ligurian tribe. A Roman colony was established at the site in the time of Augustus. Remains of structures are found to the northeast of the modern town of Bene Vagienna, Italy.
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Aveia

Aveia was a settlement of the Vestini in the valley of the Aterno river.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: RE Aveia, Wikidata; update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

‘Aventia’ (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 41 C1 ‘Aventia’ fl.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Ryan Horne; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: add TM GEO ID 42420: Aventia; modified OSM location of Torrente Carrione (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Baebiana

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 43 A2 Baebiana
Creators: L. Quilici; S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: RE Baebiana 1; wikidata Baebiana (Q21074142); update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

B(a)edunia

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 24 F2 B(a)edunia
Creators: E.W. Haley
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Bambakajat

Find spot for inscribed Urartian rock artefacts.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors:
Modifications: ; modified CIGS location of Bambakajat (Baseline created, edited)
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Tom Elliott

Barbarikon

Barbarikon was a port city near modern-day Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan, that was important in the Hellenistic period in Indian Ocean trade.
Creators: M.U. Erdosy
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Basilica Hilariana

A basilica erected on the Caelian Hill in Rome under the patronage of Manius Publicus Hilarus and connected to the cult of Cybele and Attis.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: update references; modified OSM location of Basilica Hilariana (Reimported full node geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Basilica Neptuni

A building in the Campus Martius that originally dates to ca. 25 BCE.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Brady Kiesling
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Basilica of Santa Pudenziana

A palaeo-Christian church dedicated to St. Pudentiana located in Rome and, perhaps, the earliest site of Christian worship in the city. The church is located along the Via Urbana, which follows the course of the ancient vicus Patricius.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: modified connection "Roma" (ctype)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Batavodurum/(Ulpia) Noviomagus

An ancient settlement of the Batavi. Modern Nijmegen in the Netherlands.
Creators: J.H.F. Bloemers
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; David Mimno; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; ryanfb
Modifications: modified connection "Untitled" (add reference)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Batinus? (river)

The Batinus? is mentioned by Pliny and may correspond to the Tordino river.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified OSM location of Tordino (river) (Reimported full relation geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Bedyndia

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 49 unlocated Bedyndia
Creators: J.J. Wilkes
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Beneventum/Maleventum

Beneventum/Maleventum (modern Benevento) was an ancient city of Campania of Samnite origin.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Gethin Rees; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Bersiba

Bersiba was an ancient site in Syria, inhabited as early as the Neolithic period. To the Hittites the site was known as Masuwari.
Creators: P.-L. Gatier; T. Sinclair
Contributors: Carolin Johansson; Eric Kansa; Francis Deblauwe; Jeffrey Becker; Jamie Novotny; Ryan Horne; Rune Rattenborg; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; B. Siewert-Mayer; DARMC; H. Kopp; M. Ballance; R. Talbert; R. Warner; W. Röllig
Modifications: add TGN 7032835: Tell Ahmar (archaeological site); created CIGS location of Tall Aḥmar; created OSM location of Til Barsip; created name "Tall Aḥmar"
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Bibola

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 39 unlocated Bibola
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Bigis/Bestia Desolata/Parabeste

An ancient settlement, located at modern Lashkargāh (formerly Bost/Boost) in Helmand province, Afghanistan.
Creators: M.U. Erdosy
Contributors: Carolin Johansson; Jeffrey Becker; Rune Rattenborg; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; update references; modified CIGS location for Bust (Baseline created, edited); modified name "Bestia Desolata" (Initial revision, Baseline created, add TP reference)
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Birakellon

An ancient settlement, attested by literary or documentary sources, whose precise location cannot be determined today
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Bithynia et Pontus

A province of the Roman Empire on the Black Sea coast that was formed when the former kingdoms of Bithynia (annexed by Rome in 74 B.C.) and Pontus (annexed in 63 B.C.) were joined together.
Creators: A.S. Esmonde-Cleary; C.M. Wells; J.F. Drinkwater; J.J. Wilkes; R.C. Knapp; R.S. Bagnall; S. Mitchell; S.T. Parker; W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; Brian Z. Lund; M. Joann McDaniel; Mary E. Downs; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Boaris (island)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 48 unlocated Boaris Ins.
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Bobenia (island)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 48 unlocated Bobenia Ins.
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: add TP reference; created name "Insula Bovena"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Boreion Akron

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 2 unlocated Boreion Akron
Creators: A. Bursche; R. Warner
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Borgo Medievale

The post-Roman settlement at Alba Fucens became an administrative center ca. A.D. 870 and remained significant as a center in Marsica until ca. 1143. The area was later subsumed by the Duchy of Spoleto.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott
Contributors:
Modifications: modified OSM location of Borgo Medievale (Reimported full node geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Boron

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 82 D4 Boron
Creators: N.B. Millet
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Boron

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 41 unlocated Boron
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Bottino

A lead and silver vein deposit in Italy's Apuane Alps region, mined most extensively in the 16th and 19th centuries of the modern era. Scholars have long accepted a history of exploitation here going back to the Etruscan period. Metallurgical analysis of artifacts from the late Villanovan settlement at Veii may indicate early iron extraction in this vicinity as well (Saviano 2006).
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified OSM Location of modern Ex Miniera del Bottino (Reimported full node geometry and updated provenance); modified OSM Location of modern Fosso del Bottino (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Bovianum

Bovianum was a Samnite center and the capital of the Pentri tribe. It received Roman municipium status ca. 87 B.C. By the late first century A.D. it was occupied by veterans of Legio XI and known as the "colonia Bovianum Undecimanoruin".
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Briej

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 28 C2 Briej
Creators: M. Euzennat
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Brinta? (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 40 B1 Brinta? fl.
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi; R. Peretto
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Ryan Horne; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; add TP reference; modified OSM location of Fiume Brenta (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Buca

Buca was an ancient settlement of the Frentani.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Bullia

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 41 unlocated Bullia
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Buri?

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 13 H3 Buri?
Creators: A. Bursche; L.F. Pitts
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Michael Heubel; Ryan Horne; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; E. Krekovič; P. Kaczanowski; R. Madyda‑Legutko; R. Talbert; Richard Talbert
Modifications: update references; update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Caborinio

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 25 H2 Caborinio
Creators: H.S. Sivan; R.W. Mathisen; S.J. Keay
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Caelius Mons

The Caelian Hill in Rome.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott
Modifications: Haynes 2024
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Caldaccoli aqueduct

A first century A.D. Roman aqueduct that carried water from the locality known as "Caldaccoli" to baths in Pisa.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Ryan Horne; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified OSM location of Acquedotto romano di Caldaccoli (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Calydon

An ancient Greek city of Aetolia that derives its name from its founder Calydon, son of Aetolus.
Creators: J. Fossey; J. Morin
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Ryan Horne; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; G. Reger; R. Talbert
Modifications: Frederiksen 2021
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Camarum (island)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 4 B2 Camarum Ins.
Creators: D.T. Potts
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified OSM location of Jazirat Kamaran (Reimported full node geometry and updated provenance, update title)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Campobasso

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 G2 Campobasso
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: TM GEO ID 32803: Campobasso
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Campo del Fico

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 43 C3 Campo del Fico
Creators: L. Quilici; S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Campus Agrippae

"Campus Agrippae" describes an area within regio VII of ancient Rome that is connected to the building activities of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa in the first century BCE.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: RE Agrippae campus
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Campus Martius

The Campus Martius or "field of Mars" is the name given to the level ground between the slopes of the Capitoline, the Quirinal, and Pincian hills, and the Tiber river.
Creators: L. Quilici; S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Campus Stellas

The name for a region of Campania that adjoined the Ager Falernus.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Michael Heubel; Ryan Horne; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; Richard Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Capareas

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 68 unlocated Capareas
Creators: J.P. Brown; P.-L. Gatier
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Capodifiume

Remains of a fourth-century B.C. sanctuary situated at a spring known as Caput aquae, from which the modern toponym is most likely derived.
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Capo di Sorrento

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 F4 Capo di Sorrento
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; edited; update references; created OSM location of Regina Giovanna Roman villa
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Carovilli

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 F2 Carovilli
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Casalbore

At modern Casalbore, Italy, archaeological evidence includes a significant temple structure and associated material from the Samnite and Roman periods.
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references, add wikidata
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Casale Martellona

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 43 C2 Casale Martellona
Creators: L. Quilici; S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Casali Vitriano

T. Ashby notes the presence of a villa platform to the west of the "upper Casale Vitriano". This platform seems to be a terrace at least 34 m in length.
Creators: L. Quilici; S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Casal Rotondo

A Roman tomb that supports a Medieval farmhouse (casale) at the sixth mile of the Via Appia. The tomb originally dates ca. 30 BC; it was a large, circular tomb with a diameter of approximately 35 m.
Creators: L. Quilici; S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Ryan Horne; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: add arachne
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Casperia

An ancient settlement, attested by literary or documentary sources, whose precise location cannot be determined today
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Castel Fiorentino

The castle was the site of the Holy Emperor Frederick II's death in 1250.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: modified OSM location of Castel Fiorentino (Reimported full node geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Castellum Amerinum

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 unlocated Castellum Amerinum
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; update references; created name "Castello Amerino"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Castellum Tingitanum

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 30 B4 Castellum Tingitanum
Creators: T.W. Potter
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references; modified name "Castellum Tingitanum" (update references)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Castelvetere

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 45 A2 Castelvetere
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Castiglione del Lago

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 C2 Castiglione del Lago
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Castola

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 false name Castola
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references per BATL DIR
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Castra

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 20 E5 Castra
Creators: M. Šašel Kos; P. Kos
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Castra Germanorum

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 30 C3 Castra Germanorum
Creators: T.W. Potter
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Castra Herculis?

Castra Herculis? (modern Arnhem)
Creators: J.H.F. Bloemers
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: created connection "Untitled"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Castra Lapidariorum

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 80 unlocated Castra Lapidariorum
Creators: J. Keenan; S.E. Sidebotham; T. Wilfong
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Castra Manuaria

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 24 unlocated Castra Manuaria
Creators: E.W. Haley
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Castra Samaritanorum

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 69 unlocated Castra Samaritanorum
Creators: E.M. Meyers; J.P. Brown
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Castro

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 B3 Castro
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Ryan Horne; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Castroreale S. Biagio

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 47 G2 Castroreale S. Biagio
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: arachne; modified OSM location of Villa romana di San Biagio (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Cati fons

The Cati fons was a spring located on the western flank of Rome's Quirinal Hill. It was the source of the water carried by the brook known as Petronia amnis. The location of the spring remains debated and uncertain.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Caudium

A city of Samnium located between Capua and Beneventum. In 321 B.C. the Samnites under C. Pontius encamped there before defeating the Romans at the battle of the Caudine Forks.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Caumatis/Kanate/Kanthatis

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 3 unlocated Caumatis/Kanate/Kanthatis
Creators: M. Roaf
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; Brian Z. Lund; M. Joann McDaniel; Mary E. Downs; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Caurium

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 26 D2 Caurium
Creators: F.H. Stanley; Jr.; R.C. Knapp
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: add Pliny reference; add TM GEO ID 19875: Caurium (Coria)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Cellole

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 41 D3 Cellole
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Centcelles Roman villa

A Roman villa located in the municipality of Constantí, in Catalonia. Among its finds are a dome mosaic with a Christian theme that numbers among the earliest known examples in the Roman world (4th century AD.)
Creators: H.S. Sivan; R.W. Mathisen; S.J. Keay
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Centuriation at Opitergium

Roman centuriation in the area of Opitergium (modern Oderzo in Italy).
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi; R. Peretto
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Centuriation (Frusino)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 D2 unnamed centuriation (Frusino)
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Centuriation (Venafrum)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 F3 unnamed centuriation (Venafrum)
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Centuripae

A city of the indigenous Sikels, Centuripae allied itself with Athens during the expedition against Syracuse.
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Jonathan Prag; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; Valeria Vitale; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Chianciano Terme

Chianciano Terme begins as an Etruscan site, with a temple located near the natural springs. By the first century B.C. the site was popular with Romans as a healing spa.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Chiauci

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 F2 Chiauci
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Chiuse delle Grotte

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 46 B1 Chiuse delle Grotte
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Chiyāpuykah

Bronze Age site, low mound in Lorestan where cuneiform brick inscription has been found.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications: modified CIGS location of Chiyāpuykah (Baseline created, edited)
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Tom Elliott

Choaspa

An ancient settlement, attested by literary or documentary sources, whose precise location cannot be determined today
Creators: M.U. Erdosy
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; modified name "Choaspa" (add Latin name, Ammianus Marcellinus reference)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Circeii 2

A port on the Tyrrhenian coast. In myth, the site was considered to be one of the stopping points of the hero Odysseus.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Arthur De Graauw; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Cissyros

An ancient island or island group, attested by literary or documentary sources, whose precise location cannot be determined today
Creators: E.N. Borza
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; G. Reger; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified name "Cissyros" (add Latin name, add Pliny reference)
Actors: Tom Elliott

City wall of Ameria

The polygonal masonry circuit wall of ancient Ameria.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications: modified OSM location of city wall (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Civita di Artena

The remains of an ancient fortified center close to the town of Artena, Italy. The original settlement, of uncertain name, may have been established by the Volsci; both Ecetra and Fortinum have been suggested. The modern village was known as Monte Fortino until 1873.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Civitana

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 43 D3 Civitana
Creators: L. Quilici; S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Civitanova

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 F2 Civitanova
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Clusiolum

Clusiolum is an unlocated site in Umbria. Pliny the Elder discusses it in connection with the Felginates who at one point held Clusiolum. Its location is described as being above Interamna ("supra Interamnam").
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: wikidata Clusiolum (Q124156569); update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Cocullo

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 E1 Cocullo
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Coliacum/Kalligikon Pr.

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 5 D4 Coliacum/Kalligikon Pr.
Creators: M.U. Erdosy
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; modified name "Coliacum" (update references, add Latin name)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Colle d’Armi

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 45 B1 Colle d’Armi
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Colle delle Carbonaie

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 41 C1 Colle delle Carbonaie
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Colle delle Fate

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 F4 Colle delle Fate
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; update references; created OSM location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Colle Lecinone

Remains of a villa built on several terraces.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: add Arachne
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Colle Mitra

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 E1 Colle Mitra
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Colle Nocello

A plaform villa at Colle Nocello.
Creators: L. Quilici; S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: wikidata Colle nocello villa (Q124172424); vici.org 69896: Colle Nocello; update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Colle Rosa

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 43 D2 Colle Rosa
Creators: L. Quilici; S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Colle Rotondo

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 47 C4 Colle Rotondo
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Colle Rotondo

Colle Rotondo was the site of a prehistoric settlement inhabited from the Bronze Age until the early Iron Age.
Creators: L. Quilici; S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Colle Tassito

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 E1 Colle Tassito
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Col. Lindum

An Pre-Roman Iron Age settlement of Britain that became the site of a Roman colony after A.D. 71; its full name was Domitiana Lindensium.
Creators: A.S. Esmonde Cleary
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references add topostext
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Colonnata

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 41 C1 Colonnata
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Column of Trajan

The Column of Trajan (or Trajan's Column) is a victory column that was erected in the Forum of Trajan at Rome ca. 113 in order to commemorate Trajan's victories in the Dacian Wars. The column is particularly noted for its helical historiated bas relief frieze decoration.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Brady Kiesling
Modifications: modified OSM location of Trajan's Column (Reimported full relation geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Compsa

Compsa was a city of the Hirpini, located near the sources of the Aufidus river.
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; idai gaz. 2071532: Conza della Campania; modified name "Compsa" (add Latin name, Caesar reference, Baseline created)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Consuegra Dam

A Roman dam, known today as the Puente de Urda or the Consuegra Dam, is located about 4 miles southwest of Consuegra on the Rio Amarguillo.
Creators: P.O. Spann
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: modified OSM location of Presa Romana (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Contenebra

An Etruscan settlement, now unlocated, in the territory of Tarquinii that the Romans razed in 388 B.C.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: add wikidata Contenebra (Q3688820)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Corneli

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 45 B1 Corneli
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Cornetus Campus

According to Vitruvius, Cornetus Campus is located on the via Campana in the Ager Faliscus.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: add RE Cornetus campus
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Corogemates gens

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 39 unlocated Corogemates gens
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Cortuosa

An Etruscan settlement, whose precise location cannot be determined today. Cortuosa was razed by the Romans in 388 B.C. It was likely located in the territory of Tarquinii.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: add wikidata, RE references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Cosa

A Latin colony in south Etruria founded ca. 273 B.C.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Elizabeth Fentress; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: De Giorgi 2024
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Crepaddosso

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 43 D3 Crepaddosso
Creators: L. Quilici; S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: edited; modified OSM location of tempio di Muracci di Crepaddosso (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Cretone

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 C1 Cretone
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Crixia

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 39 C5 Crixia
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: edited; update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Crocia (island)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 48 unlocated Crocia Ins.
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Crypta Balbi

The Crypta Balbi, mentioned by name only in the Regionary Catalogues, most likely refers to a vaulted passageway built in the Campus Martius by the proconsul Lucius Cornelius Balbus in 15 BC, who also dedicated a theater there in the same year.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications: geonames 10303132: Crypta Balbi; update references; modified OSM location of Crypta Balbi (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Cuniculariae (islands)

The modern archipelago of Maddalena off northern Sardinia is comprised of seven main islands and numerous other small islets.
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Perry Scalfano; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: add TP reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Cupra Montana

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 E2 Cupra Montana
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Curia Iulia

Construction of the Curia Julia was begun by Julius Caesar and completed by Augustus in 29 BCE. It replaced the former senate house, the Curia Hostilia.
Creators: Kelly Petrarca; Laura Elizabeth Alderson; Mary Cooper
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott
Modifications: update references; modified OSM location of Curia Iulia (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Curicta (island)

A large island in the Adriatic Sea.
Creators: M. Šašel Kos; P. Kos
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: TM GEO ID 42451: Curicta (Krk)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Cutina

An ancient settlement, attested by literary or documentary sources, whose precise location cannot be determined today
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: add wikidata Cutina (Q11916329); edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Damecuta

An Imperial villa excavated by A. Maiuri in the 1930s, Damecuta was connected to the Iulio-Claudian emperors. The construction of later Medieval and Bourbon fortifications on the site significantly damaged the ancient remains. The Medieval Damecuta tower stands atop part of the Roman villa.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: Dierichs 2002; update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Decennovium

Decennovium refers to a 19-mile stretch of the Via Appia from the Forum Appii to Tarracina that continued through the paludes Pontinae.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: wikidata Decennovium (Q78998849); Str. 5.3.6; Treccani DECENNOVIO Enciclopedia Italiana (1931); RE Decennovium; update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Digentia (river)

A stream in the ager Sabinus.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Diniktum

Tell Muhammad, as suggested by textual evidence in the form of diplomatic letters, may have been ancient Diniktum, a Middle Bronze Age settlement located in the Diyala region of Mesopotamia. One of its Old Babylonian kings was Sin-Gamil.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Carolin Johansson; Jeffrey Becker; Rune Rattenborg
Modifications: created CIGS location of Tall Muḥamad; created name "Tall Muḥamad"
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Tom Elliott

Divorum

A porticus constructed by Domitian in A.D. 80 on the eastern Campus Martius on the site of the Villa Publica, whose northern entry—a triumphal arch—was flanked by two small temples in honor of Titus and Vespasian.
Creators: Joshua Rosenheim
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: modified OSM location of Divorum (Reimported full node geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Dolates Sallentini

An ancient people of Umbria whose territory is now unlocated.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: edited; update Livy reference; update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Domitiana

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 41 E5 Domitiana
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

‘Donatianis’?

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 20 F4 ‘Donatianis’?
Creators: M. Šašel Kos; P. Kos
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Drekon (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 21 E4 Drekon fl.
Creators: J.J. Wilkes
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Dreros

An ancient Greek settlement near modern Neapoli in the Lasithi region of Crete (about 15km northwest of Agios Nikolaos).
Creators: G. Reger; J. Bennet
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Catherine Bouras; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; rconsoli
Modifications: RE Dreros
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Dribykes

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 96 unlocated Dribykes
Creators: E.J. Keall; M. Roaf
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Drilon (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 49 B2 Drilon fl.
Creators: J.J. Wilkes
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Noah Kaye; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: RE Drilon
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Dur-Bel-Harran-belu-uṣur

A city founded by the Assyrian palace herald Bēl-Harrān-bēlu-uṣur in the mid-8th century B.C. The discovery of a stele there identifies ancient Dūr-Bēl-Harrān-bēlu-uṣur with modern Tell ʿAbṭa (Tell Abtah).
Creators: Claudia Horst
Contributors: Carolin Johansson; Jeffrey Becker; Jamie Novotny; Rune Rattenborg
Modifications: created name "Tall ‘Abṭah"
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Tom Elliott

Duria (river)

One of two tributaries of the Po river named Duria, the modern Dora Riparia.
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Ryan Horne; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; created location "OSM location: Dora Riparia"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Duria (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 20 E2 Duria fl.
Creators: M. Šašel Kos; P. Kos
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Duronia

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 F2 Duronia
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Durriae

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 39 D3 Durriae
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Eanna

The temple of the god Anu and the goddess Ištar at Uruk. The Sumerian ceremonial name Eanna means "House of Heaven."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: modified OSM location of the Eanna district (Reimported full node geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Egimoron (island)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 48 unlocated Egimoron Ins.
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

El Castillet

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 27 E4 El Castillet
Creators: P.O. Spann
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Emporion

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 46 C5 Emporion
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: RE Emporium 1; created connection "Medma"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Emporium Discoduraterae

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 22 C5 Emporium Discoduraterae
Creators: A.G. Poulter
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: wikidata Emporium Discoduraterae (Q124370324); update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Epope

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 58 unlocated Epope
Creators: G. Reger; J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Eranusa (island)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 46 unlocated Eranusa Ins.
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; modified name "Eranusa" (update references)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ergitium

A Daunian settlement located between Teanum Apulum and Sipontum in northern Apulia. The site also served as a road station on the via Traiana.
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: ItMiller 219; TM GEO ID 41107: Ergitium (Brancia); update references; created name "Ergitiu"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Etruria/Tuscia (region)

Etruria/Tuscia was an ancient region of Central Italy inhabited by the Etruscans. Its spatial footprint was roughly equivalent to the modern Italian regions of Toscana and northern Lazio.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Greta Hawes; Jeffrey Becker; R. Scott Smith; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: TrecEnc Etruria; add TGN 7024113: Etruria (former group of nations/states/cities); update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Eupilis (lake)

Modern Lake of Pusiano.
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: summary; title; update references; created OSM location of Lake Pusiano; created name "Lago di Pusiano"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Falerii

A fortified town located some 6 km from Falerii Veteres and established by the ancient Romans ca. 241 B.C.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Falerii Veteres

Falerii Veteres was the principal city of the Faliscans. It is located on a tuff outcropping at the point where several tributaries of the Treia join to flow into the Tiber. After rebelling against Rome in 241 B.C., Falerii suffered serious reversals of fortune.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Carolin Johansson; Jeffrey Becker; Rune Rattenborg; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: add TGN 7006788: Civita Castellana (inhabited place)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Falinates

An ancient people of Umbria whose territory is now unlocated.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: RE Falinates
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Faustianum?

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 E3 Faustianum?
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: TM GEO ID 32467: Faustianum (Falciano del Massico)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ferentinae Lucus

A sacred grove and fountain, likely on the slopes of the Alban Mount, that was the site of the assembly of the Latin League.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ferentinum Novum

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 unlocated Ferentinum Novum
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ferrarium/Tenebrium (promontory)

A promontory on the east coast of the Iberian peninsula, modern Cabo de la Nao in Spain.
Creators: P.O. Spann
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references; modified OSM location (Reimported full node geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Fertur (river)

Fertur fl. (Fortore river)
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; modified location of Fortore (river) (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Fibrenus (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 E2 Fibrenus fl.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; modified location of Fibrenus fl. (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Fidentia

Fidentia (modern Fidenza) began as a Roman castrum and in 41 BC it became a municipium. The settlement is located along the Via Aemilia, between Parma and Placentia.
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Fificulanus Pagus

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 unlocated Fificulanus Pagus
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; RE Fificulanus pagus
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Fioccaglia di Flumeri

Fioccaglia di Flumeri was the site of a Gracchan colony.
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; created OSM location of Fioccaglia - Area Archeologica
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Fiscellus M.

A high mountain forming part of the central and most elevated chain of the Apennines. Pliny indicates that it was the source of the river Nar.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: edited; RE Fiscellus mons
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Fisternae

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 E4 Fisternae
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: add RE, Nissen II references; update TP reference add tm geo id
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Flavinia arva

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 unlocated Flavinia arva
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Florenti(ol)a

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 39 F4 Florenti(ol)a
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; update references; modified name "Florentia" (add TP reference)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Flosis (river)

A small coastal river in Picenum located between Ancona and Firmum.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: edit summary; RE Flosis
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Flusor (river)

The Potenza river.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; Guenther Goerz; R. Talbert
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Fortifications at Civita di Artena

The polygonal masonry fortifications of the ancient settlement now known as Civita di Artena. These fortifications today measure more than 2.5 km in length.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: modified OSM location of polygonal masonry fortifications (Reimported full node geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Fortinum

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 unlocated *Fortinum
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Forum Boarium (at Pompeii)

The so-called "Forum Boarium" in Pompeii was erroneously named by its 1755 excavators who discovered the bones of large bovids and assigned the name that still is used to describe this insula in Pompeii's Regio II (II, 5).
Creators: Athanasia Varveri
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott
Modifications: modified OSM location of so-called "Foro Boario" (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Forum Brentani/Brentanorum

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 unlocated Forum Brentani/Brentanorum
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: add wikidata Forum Brentani (Q106625757)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Forum Cassii

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 C4 Forum Cassii
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Forum Gallorum

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 25 E3 Forum Gallorum
Creators: H.S. Sivan; R.W. Mathisen; S.J. Keay
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: TM GEO ID 40271: Forum Gallorum; update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Forum Gallorum

A town on the Via Aemilia that was the site of a battle waged between M. Antonius and Hirtius and Pansa during the siege of Mutina.
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi; R. Peretto
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: ItMiller 208; RE Forum Gallorum 2; update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Forum Suarium

A forum venalium of ancient Rome linked to the sale of pork, the Forum Suarium is mentioned in two inscriptions dating ca. 200 CE. The forum lay near the barracks of the urban cohorts (cohortes urbanae) in the northern portion of the Campus Martius, perhaps near the location of the present Via di Propaganda in metropolitan Rome.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Forum Subertanum

A site in South Etruria mentioned by Livy in connection with the year 211 B.C.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Forum Traiani

Imperial forum constructed at Rome under Trajan between 105-112 CE.
Creators: Gabriel Mckee
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: modified OSM location of Foro di Traiano (Reimported full relation geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Fossae (island)

Attested in ancient sources, an island named Fossae is possibly to be identified with modern S. Stefano, located off the northern coast of Sardinia.
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Michael Heubel; Ryan Horne; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; Richard Talbert
Modifications: summary; title; created OSM location of Santo Stefano; modified name "Fossae" (Latin, certain)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Fossae Marianae?

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 15 D3 Fossae Marianae?
Creators: S. Loseby
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Fossae Marianae

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 15 D3 Fossae Marianae
Creators: S. Loseby
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Fosso della Crescenza

John Ward-Perkins identified the archaeological site at Fosso della Crescenza during the South Etruria Survey. Excavations of a Iulio-Claudian mausoleum were undertaken in 1962. Additional excavation revealed portions of the Via Veientana. Post-excavation work did not occur until the 1980s, by which time Fentress 1983 notes that the archaeological landscape had been largely eradicated by the burgeoning growth of suburban Rome.
Creators: L. Quilici; S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: edit summary
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Fratte

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 G4 Fratte
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Fraxinum

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 26 unlocated Fraxinum
Creators: F.H. Stanley; Jr.; R.C. Knapp
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Fraxinum?

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 27 B4 Fraxinum?
Creators: P.O. Spann
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: RE Fraxinum 2; update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Fregellae

Fregellae was a city of Latium Adjectum that became a Roman colony in 328 B.C., but was subsequently captured by the Samnites; a Roman presence was re-established in 313 B.C. Loyal to Rome during the Second Punic War, Fregellae revolted in 125 B.C. and the site was razed.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: Diosono 2024; add BTCGI VII, 505-513
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Fregellanum

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 E2 Fregellanum
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: add url; update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Frigidus (river)

The modern Vipava river in Slovenia.
Creators: M. Šašel Kos; P. Kos
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: add wikipedia Battle of the Frigidus; TM GEO ID 42416: Frigidus; add TP reference; edited; modified OSM Location of modern 2219646 (Reimported full relation geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Frosolone

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 F2 Frosolone
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Frusino

Frusino (modern Frosinone) was a town in Latium along the Via Latina that was originally a Volscian settlement.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Gadaum Castra

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 29 F1 Gadaum Castra
Creators: T.W. Potter
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Gallinaria (island)

An island in the Ligurian Sea.
Creators: R. Häussler; S. Loseby
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Gallinaria Silva

An evergreen thicket of the area around Cumae.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: add wikidata Silva Gallinaria (Q3960587), RE Gallinaria silva references; Strabo; update references; modified name "Gallinaria hule" (update Strabo reference)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Gasr Banat

Gasr Banat (also Qasr Banat or Qasr Isawi) was the site of a Roman-period fortified farmstead referred to as a "centenarium".
Creators: D.J. Mattingly
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Sean Manning; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: Linked Qasr el Banat; summary, references; edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Manning

Gaurus (mount)

An eruptive volcanic vent in the Phlegraean Fields. Modern Monte Gauro (also known as Monte Barbaro).
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: summary; title; created OSM location of Monte Gauro; created name "Monte Barbaro"; created name "Monte Gauro"; modified connection "Campi Phlegraei" (Initial revision)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Genava

Genava (modern Geneva) was originally an oppidum of the Allobroges that passed into Roman control after the campaigns of Iulius Caesar.
Creators: G.D. Woolf
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Genua

Genua was an ancient settlement of Liguria that came to be destroyed by Carthage in 209 BC. Thereafter it received Roman municipal privileges and was rebuilt.
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Stefano Costa; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Gereonium?

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 45 A1 Gereonium?
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Gerga/Leukai Stelai?

An ancient settlement of Caria located near Ovacik, 12 km S-SE of Çine.
Creators: C. Foss; G. Reger
Contributors: Daniel C Browning Jr; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: edited; modified OSM location of Gerga (Reimported full node geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Giffoni Valle Piana

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 45 A3 Giffoni Valle Piana
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Granicus (river)

Granicus fl. (modern Biga Çayı) is a river in Asia Minor that flows from Mount Ida to the Sea of Marmara.
Creators: C. Foss
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: add TGN 6002329: Biga Çayı (river), update references; created OSM location of Biga Çayı
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Green Ore

Site of a Roman lead-working settlement at Rookery Farm, and findspot of a group of four lead ingots excavated in the 1950s.
Creators: Scott Vanderbilt
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: modified OSM location of Green Ore Roman metal-working site (Reimported full node geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Grotta di Paris

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 43 D2 Grotta di Paris
Creators: L. Quilici; S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Grotte di Seiano a Pietramelara

A ruined, terraced megalithic complex covering an area of some 900 square meters. The complex likely dates to the second century B.C. and was destroyed in the time of Sulla. The complex is interpreted as a Samnite sanctuary.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; modified OSM location of Grotte di Seiano (Reimported full node geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Hadid/Ad(d)ida

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 70 F2 Hadid/Ad(d)ida
Creators: B. Isaac
Contributors: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; created location "CIGS Location: Tel Hadid"; created name "Tel Hadid"
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Tom Elliott

*Hadriani

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 40 C3 *Hadriani
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi; R. Peretto
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ḫafāǧa

A Sumerian city located on the Diyala River known for its Early Dynastic temples.
Creators: B. Siewert-Mayer; H. Kopp; W. Röllig
Contributors: Carolin Johansson; Eric Kansa; Francis Deblauwe; Jeffrey Becker; Rune Rattenborg; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott
Modifications: edited; modified OSM location of Mound A of Tutub (Khafajah) (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance); created CIGS location of Khafājī; created name "Khafājī"
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Hales (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 61 E1 Hales fl.
Creators: C. Foss; G. Reger
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Hatria (Picenum)

An ancient city of Picenum that may have originated as colony established by Etruscans from Adria in the Veneto region. An alternate narrative suggests that the city's origins may be as a late sixth century B.C. colony founded by Aegina.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Jonathan Prag; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: add TGN reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Haza de la Torre

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 26 D5 Haza de la Torre
Creators: F.H. Stanley; Jr.; R.C. Knapp
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Hellenistic-Roman theater at Sarno

An ancient theater.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: modified OSM location of teatro antico Greco-Romano (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Helvia Ricina

An ancient settlement in Picenum at modern Villa Potenza in Marche, Comune di Macerata, Italy.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: add arachne; update references; add wikidata; add topostext, update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

[(H)Eraclia]

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 40 D1 [(H)Eraclia]
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi; R. Peretto
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Herakleion Akroterion

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 37 E1 Herakleion Akroterion
Creators: D.J. Mattingly
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Herculis Petra

An islet in the Gulf of Naples.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: created OSM location of Scoglio di Rovigliano
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

‘Herculis Rani’?

A large fanum sacred to ‘Herculis Rani’? at Campochiaro, the name of which is then preserved in the station mentioned on the Peutinger Table. Scholars like A. La Regina support linking this fanum to a place mentioned by Livy, although see discussion by Oakley.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Herna

An ancient settlement, attested by literary or documentary sources, whose precise location cannot be determined today
Creators: P.O. Spann
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Herodeion

Herodeion or Herodium refers to an archaeological site located in what is now the West Bank, some 12 km south of Jerusalem and 5 km southeast of Bethlehem. In antiquity, Herod the Great established the fortress after defeating his rival Antigonus II Mattathias in 40 BCE.
Creators: B. Isaac
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Gabriel Mckee; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; updated Locations; edited; update references; summary, references, change place type to = fort; created OSM location of Herodion Ruins; created name "Jabal al-Fureidis"; created name "Herodium"; modified name "Herodeion" (added Greek name, added Josephus reference)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Heroonpolis

Heroonpolis, located at Tell el-Maskhuta, was an ancient Egyptian city of the Nile Delta.
Creators: A. Bernand
Contributors: Adam Prins; Brady Kiesling; Carolin Johansson; Gabriel Mckee; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Rune Rattenborg; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; Herbert Verreth; Jen Thum; Mark Depauw; R. Talbert; jfu
Modifications: created CIGS location of Tall al-Maskhūṭa; created name "Tall al-Maskhūṭa"
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Jeffrey Becker

Herpis

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 29 unlocated Herpis
Creators: T.W. Potter
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Hieron Akron

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 23 E2 Hieron Akron
Creators: David Braund
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; Diane Braund; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Himella (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 D4 Himella fl.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; created OSM location of Fiume Salto
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Hipponion/Vibo Valentia

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 46 D4 Hipponion/Vibo Valentia
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: add arachne, add getty; update references; update references; modified name "Hipponion" (update Strabo reference); modified name "Ouibôna Oualentía" (update Strabo reference); created name "Vibona Balentia"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Hjar Zerbotta

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 28 C2 Hjar Zerbotta
Creators: M. Euzennat
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: vici.org 49335: Hjar Zerbotta; update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Horomos

Armenian monastery constructed in the 10th century CE.
Creators: Gabriel Mckee
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott
Modifications: add Wikidata Horomos (Q2727504)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Horta

The Etruscan settlement of *Hurta (the modern Orte) was close to the Vadimonis Lacus where the Romans fought, and won, two engagements against Etruscan armies.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

House of Julia Felix

The so-called House of Iulia Felix (II, 4, 3) is situated on the south side of the Via dell'Abbondanza, near the Palaestra and the Amphitheater. The estate was formed from two complete insulae that were merged. About one-third of the area was occupied by the house, the remainder by a large garden. Following the AD 62 earthquake the proprietress seems to have leased out portions of the property.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Ryan Horne; Tom Elliott
Modifications: modified OSM location of so-called "House of Julia Felix" (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

House of Messius Ampliatus

A Pompeian domus excavated in 1916, 1918, and 1921. (II.2.4).
Creators: Yuyao Liu
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: modified OSM location of House of Messius Ampliatus (II.2.4) (Reimported full node geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

House of the garden of Hercules

The so-called "House of the Garden of Hercules" (II, 8, 6) is an example of an early "rowhouse" atrium building (third-second centuries BC) that was renovated in the first century BC.
Creators: Athanasia Varveri
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: modified OSM location of so-called "Giardino di Ercole" (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance); modified OSM location of so-called "Casa del Giardino di Ercole" (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

House of the Moralist

The so-called House of the Moralist, also known as the House of M. Epidius Hymenaeus, is located on the Via dell'Abbondanza. The house was formed from two connecting properties that belonged to two related wine-merchants, T. Arrius Polites and M. Epidius Hymenaeus ( III, 4, 2-3).
Creators: Athanasia Varveri
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: update references; created OSM location of House of the Moralist
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

House of the outdoor triclinium

A Roman domus in Pompeii facing on to the Via Nocera.
Creators: Athanasia Varveri
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Valeria Vitale
Modifications: modified OSM location of so-called "Casa del Triclinio all'aperto" (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

House of Venus in the shell

Located on the Via dell'Abbondanza, the so-called "House of Venus in the shell" is also known as the House of D. Lucretius Satrius Valens.
Creators: Athanasia Varveri
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: modified OSM location of so-called "Casa della Venere in Conchiglia" (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

[Hulwan]/Valashfarr/Beth Lashpar/Chala/Albania

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 92 A2 [Hulwan]/Valashfarr/Beth Lashpar/Chala/Albania
Creators: A. Hausleiter; E.J. Keall; M. Roaf
Contributors: Gabriel Mckee; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Hyllikes/Taurios (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 58 unlocated Hyllikes/Taurios fl.
Creators: G. Reger; J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Iabakchos (river)

Iabakchos fl. (Zarqa River (Arabic: نهر الزرقاء‎, Hebrew: נחל יבוק, Yabok river)) is the second largest tributary of the Jordan River.
Creators: E.M. Meyers; J.P. Brown
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; created OSM location of Zarqa River; modified connection "Iordanes (river)" (ctype)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Iac(c)a

Iac(c)a was a town of the Vascones in Hispania Tarraconensis.
Creators: H.S. Sivan; R.W. Mathisen; S.J. Keay
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; modified OSM location of Jaca (Reimported full node geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ianus Quadrifons

A quadrifrons triumphal arch at Rome that is located at a crossroads in the area of the Velabrum and the Forum Boarium. It dates to the early fourth century AD; its construction employed spolia and it likely honored either Constantine I or Constantius II.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Tom Elliott
Modifications: created name "Arch of Janus"
Actors: Tom Elliott

Iconium/Claudiconium

Iconium/Claudiconium (modern Konya) was an important city in Lycaonia that later became part of the Roman province of Galatia.
Creators: S. Mitchell
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Eric Kansa; Francis Deblauwe; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Noah Kaye; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; B. Siewert-Mayer; DARMC; H. Kopp; R. Talbert; W. Röllig
Modifications: ItMiller 691, 722, 731, 728; ItMiller 691, 722, 731, 728
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Icosium

Icosium (modern Algiers) was a Punic and, later, Roman settlement in coastal north Africa. Legend holds that 20 of Herakles' companions founded the original town.
Creators: T.W. Potter
Contributors: Gabriel Bodard; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; Valeria Vitale; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references; update references; update references; modified name "Icosium" (add Latin name, add Pliny reference)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Idex (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 40 B3 Idex fl.
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi; R. Peretto
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: TM GEO ID 42431: Idex; created OSM location of Idice (river)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Igilium (island)

An island in the Tyrrhenian Sea with Etruscan and Roman occupation.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: created OSM location of Isola del Giglio
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

In Monte Tauro

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 66 unlocated In Monte Tauro
Creators: S. Mitchell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: add TP reference; modified name "In Monte Tauro" (add TP reference)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

In Portu

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 41 unlocated In Portu
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: add TP reference; modified name "In Portu" (add TP reference)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Interamna Lirenas

A Latin colony founded ca. 312 B.C. along the Via Latina. The site was sacked by Samnites (ca. 294 B.C.) and subsequently by Hannibal (212 B.C.). It received Roman municipal status in 90 B.C.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: Launaro 2024; modified OSM location of Interamna Lirenas (edited, Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

‘Invinias’

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 F4 ‘Invinias’
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; modified name "Invinias" (add TP reference)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Iobus (island)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 48 unlocated Iobus Ins.
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Iomnium

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 30 H3 Iomnium
Creators: T.W. Potter
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: TGN 1087591: Tigzirt-s-Mer (inhabited place); wikidata Iomnium (Q113827285); Miller, Cuntz, Ptolemy; add arachne; modified OSM location of Ruines Romaines Tigzirt (Location from OSM created by Products.PleiadesEntity.browser.osm.OSMLocationFactory, added osm location, Create, Submit for review)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Irchester

At Irchester, a Roman settlement that is superimposed over an Iron Age settlement has been discovered. The first Roman settlement may have been the ficus of a Claudian fort (ca. A.D. 43). The settlement endured until the fifth century A.D.
Creators: A.S. Esmonde Cleary
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Iria/Forum Iulii Iriensium

Iria/Forum Iulii Iriensium (modern Voghera) was located along the road from Placentia to Dertona. An Augustan colony was established there (colonia Forum Iulium Iriensium) that was then destroyed in the first century AD.
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: TM GEO ID 31771: Iria (Voghera); update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Iria (river)

Iria fl. (Staffora river) is a river of northern Italy that flows from the Ligurian Apennines to the Padus fl. (Po river).
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: add TP reference; modified location of Iria fl. (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Irno (river)

The Irno river is a river of Campania that flows into the Tyrrhenian Sea. While its ancient name is unknown, the river valley is the site of first millennium B.C. settlement and also the site of numerous clay beds exploited for pottery production.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: update references; modified OSM location of Fiume Irno (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Isola del Tinetto

An island in the Ligurian Sea.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; update references; created OSM location of Isola del Tinetto
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Isola Sacra

An extensive second and third century A.D. necropolis located between the city of Ostia and Portus.
Creators: L. Quilici; S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Jonathan Weiland; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: add TGN, add Arachne Isola Sacra Rom (Metropolitanstadt), Italien, Europa
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Iulium Carnicum

Iulium Carnicum (modern Zuglio) was a Roman settlement built atop an indigenous settlement after 52 BC. It was a dependency of Aquileia.
Creators: H. Bender
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; G. Moosbauer; M. Puhane; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; TGN 7036172: Zuglio (inhabited place); update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ivarus? (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 12 F4 Ivarus? fl.
Creators: H. Bender
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Ryan Horne; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; G. Moosbauer; M. Puhane; R. Talbert
Modifications: add TM GEO ID 42412: Ivarus, add TP Reference, add ItMiller, update references; created location "OSM location: Salzach (river course)"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Jabal ‘Ārūdah

Uruk period settlement located on the bank of the Euphrates river.
Creators: Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors: Gabriel Mckee; Tom Elliott
Modifications: created OSM location of Jebel Aruda
Actors: Gabriel McKee; Tom Elliott

Kainys (promontory)

Modern Punta del Pezzo on the Calabrian coast of Italy, opposite Sicily and north of Rhegion. According to Strabo, the promontory was located near the Scyllaean rock, opposite the Pelorus promontory in Sicily.
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: wikidata Punta Pezzo (Q608369); TGN 7051474: Pezzo, Punta (point); modified location of Kainys Pr. (Reimported full node geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Karmir-blur

Karmir Blur (or "Red Hill") is the ancient Urartian site of Teishebaini, a fortified city of the seventh century BC built by Rusa II.
Creators: David Braund
Contributors: Carolin Johansson; Jeffrey Becker; Rune Rattenborg; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; Diane Braund; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified OSM location of Teishebaini (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance); created location "CIGS location: Karmir blur"; created name "Karmir blur"
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Tom Elliott

Kaulonia

Kaulonia is an Achaean colony of Magna Graecia founded in the eighth or seventh century BC.
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kelsilon

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 41 unlocated Kelsilon
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Keraunioi (mountain)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 unlocated Keraunioi M.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ketaion Akron

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 5 unlocated Ketaion Akron
Creators: M.U. Erdosy
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Khaybar

An ancient, fortified oasis settlement in the western Arabian peninsula that has produced archaeological evidence for occupation from prehistoric times to today. It is named "Hibra" in an inscription of Nabonidus, dating to the 6th century BCE, and features as the site of a Mohammedan conquest in the early years of Islam. Recent discoveries nearby of large "desert kites" (putative animal capture structures), neolithic campsites, and megalithic tombs have received significant press and highlight the site's importance at an early date.
Creators: D.F. Graf
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: DARMC 21187; summary; added wikidata and geonames references; added associated modern location, which supersedes currently published DARMC location; added associated modern Name; title; cleaned up references; added Charloux 2022 and 2024; created location "OSM Location: modern خيبر"; created name "Khaybar"; modified name "Hibra" (alternate romanization, references, language)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Kition

Kition was an ancient city founded on the southern coast of Cyprus in the thirteenth century B.C.
Creators: D. Rupp
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Carolin Johansson; Elizabeth Robinson; Gabriel Mckee; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Jamie Novotny; Rune Rattenborg; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: Maillard 2023
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Korodamon? Akron

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 3 G5 Korodamon? Akron
Creators: M. Roaf
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; Brian Z. Lund; M. Joann McDaniel; Mary E. Downs; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Koronta

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 54 D4 Koronta
Creators: W.M. Murray
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; cleaned up references; created OSM location of Αρχαιολογικός Χώρος Κόροντα
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Korsoula

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 unlocated Korsoula
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. (Perseus: Jacoby); modified name "Korsoula" (add Greek name Dion. Hal. reference)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Koukoulon

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 false name ‘Koukoulon’
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kouriannon? Akroterion

Kouriannon? Akroterion is a headland or spit that separates that Atlantic Ocean from Arcachon Bay.
Creators: H.S. Sivan; R.W. Mathisen
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: Ptol. 2.7.1; RE Curianum; update references; modified location of Kouriannon? Akroterion (Reimported full node geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Krabrasia

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 27 unlocated Krabrasia
Creators: P.O. Spann
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Krateia/Flaviopolis/*Agrippeia?

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 86 C3 Krateia/Flaviopolis/*Agrippeia?
Creators: C. Foss
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ksar el Kaoua

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 29 G1 Ksar el Kaoua
Creators: T.W. Potter
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; update references; edited; created OSM location of Ksar el Kaoua
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Kunulua/Tell Tayinat

Tell Tayinat (ancient Kunulua) is a large site (comprising both a sizeable citadel and a sprawling lower town) located at the northern bend of the Orontes River, ca. 30 km southeast of Antakya (ancient Antioch). Strategically located, this fortified city served as a royal capital for various historically-attested Bronze and Iron Age kingdoms (ca. 3200-600 B.C.). In 738 B.C., the Assyrian king Tiglath-pileser III conquered Kunulua (alternately called Kinalua), then the royal city of Syro-Hittite kingdom of Patina, annexed it, and transformed it into an important provincial administrative center. Textual evidence found at the site (e.g., a large tablet inscribed with a copy of Esarhaddon’s Succession Treaty) leaves little doubt that Kunulua should be identified as Tell Tayinat.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker; Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Carolin Johansson; Clifflena Tiah; Elizabeth Robinson; Rune Rattenborg; Tom Elliott
Modifications: created CIGS location of Tall Ṭa‘iynāt; created name "Tall Ṭa‘iynāt"
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Tom Elliott

Kydonia

An ancient settlement on Crete inhabited since the Neolithic period, Kydonia has been a major center of Minoan, Greek, and Byzantine civilization.
Creators: G. Reger; J. Bennet
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Elias Kolovos; Jeffrey Becker; Maija Gierhart; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: cleaned up references; modified name "Kydonia" (Baseline created, evidence, greek); modified name "Chania" (associated modern); modified connection "Creta (island)" (located on)
Actors: Tom Elliott

La Cabañeta

A Roman-style settlement at modern El Burgo de Ebro, located on the south bank of the Ebro river, southeast of Zaragoza, Spain. The settlement appears to have been founded in the second century BCE and permanently destroyed in the first century, likely during the Sertorian War (82-72 BCE).
Creators: John Muccigrosso; Tom Elliott; David Meadows
Contributors:
Modifications: fixed typo in summary
Actors: Tom Elliott

La Cecchina

The so-called "Torraccio della Cecchina" is a Roman funereal monument dating to the second century A.D. It is located at the ninth kilometer of the modern Via Nomentana.
Creators: L. Quilici; S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Lago dell’Accesa (archaeological site)

The archaeological site of Lago dell’Accesa, in the locality known as "La Pesta", is situated nearby the lake of Lago dell'Accesa. The site was situated so as to exploit local mineral resources and the archaeological remains provide extensive evidence for habitation from the ninth through sixth centuries B.C.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; modified OSM location of Rovine Etrusche (Reimported full node geometry and updated provenance); created connection "Lago dell'Accesa (lake)"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Lago dell'Accesa (lake)

Lago dell'Accesa is a lake located in the Colline Metallifere.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications: add wikidata Lago dell'Accesa (Q3825868), tgn 7056842: Accesa, Lago dell' (lake); modified OSM location of Lago dell'Accesa (lake) (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Lambrus (river)

Lambrus fl. (Lambro river) is a river of Lombary and a tributary of the Padus fl. (Po river).
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: add TP reference; created OSM location of Lambro
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

La Mesa

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 25 B3 La Mesa
Creators: H.S. Sivan; R.W. Mathisen; S.J. Keay
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Laneia

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 72 B3 Laneia
Creators: D. Rupp
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; update references add topostext; created OSM location of Laneia rock-cut chambers at Akrotiri
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Large Theater

The so-called "Large Theater" at Pompeii was built in the Greek style during the second century B.C. Its capacity was approximately 5,000 spectators.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott
Contributors:
Modifications: update arachne; modified OSM location of the Large Theater (Reimported full node geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Largo di Torre Argentina

A square in the Campus Martius of Rome, at the center of which lies an archaeological site that includes the remains of four temples of the Republican period, as well as elements of the first century B.C. theater complex of Cnaeus Pompeius.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Latis (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 39 unlocated Latis fl.
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Laus Pompeia

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 39 E3 Laus Pompeia
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Lavinium

An ancient city of Latium on the Numicus river that was founded, according to Virgil, by Aeneas.
Creators: L. Quilici; S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Lavinius? (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 40 A4 Lavinius? fl.
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi; R. Peretto
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Ryan Horne; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; modified OSM location of Samoggia (river) (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Levigliani

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 41 C1 Levigliani
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ligures Corneliani?

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 45 B2 Ligures Corneliani?
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: add TM GEO ID 33022: Ligures Cornelii (Roseto Valfortore)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ligusticum Mare

Ligusticum Mare (Ligurian Sea).
Creators: R. Häussler; S. Loseby
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: Str. 2.1.40; update references; modified location of Ligusticum Mare (Reimported full node geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Lingeus

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 41 false name Lingeus fl.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Lista

An ancient settlement, attested by literary or documentary sources, whose precise location cannot be determined today
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: wikidata Lista (Q21095149)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Lixus

Lixus was an ancient settlement of Mauretania Tingitana. It was founded as a Punic port settlement as early as the eighth century B.C. Under the Roman emperor Claudius Lixus was elevated to the rank of colonia.
Creators: M. Euzennat
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; WHTL 456: Ville de Lixus; edited; summary, references; created OSM location of Lixus; modified name "Lixos" (update Strabo reference)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Lixus (river)

Lixus fl. (Loukkos River) is a major river of northern Morocco.
Creators: M. Euzennat
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: GeoNames 2543440: Oued Loukos; wikidata Loukkos River (Q52598); update references; modified OSM location of Lixus fl. (associated modern, Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance); created name "Oued Loukos"; modified connection "Atlanticus Oceanus" (flows into)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Locharna

An ancient settlement, attested by literary or documentary sources, whose precise location cannot be determined today
Creators: M.U. Erdosy
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Londobris (island)

Londobris Ins., the modern Berlenga Grande Island, is the largest of the islands of the Berlengas Archipelago.
Creators: F.H. Stanley; Jr.; R.C. Knapp
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Lounarion Akron

An ancient promontory listed in Ptolemy's Geography. Thought to be the modern Cap Begur on the so-called Costa Brava: a section of the Mediterranean coast of modern Spain (Catalunya).
Creators: H.S. Sivan; R.W. Mathisen; S.J. Keay
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified OSM location of Cap de Begur (associated modern); created OSM location of Cap de Begur; modified name "Cap Begur" (associated modern)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Lourinon?

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 48 D2 Lourinon?
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Lucentum

Lucentum was a Phoenician and then Roman settlement in Tarraconensis that was largely abandoned after the third century.
Creators: P.O. Spann
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Javier Martínez Jiménez; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references; modified OSM location of Ciudad Ibero Romana de Lucentum (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Luceres

An early Roman tribe from the time of Romulus.
Creators: Vasiliki Papathanasiou
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Lucus Feroniae

A sanctuary and grove of Feronia and an associated settlement located along the Via Tiberina in the territory of Capena.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jonathan Weiland; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Luna

Luna (the modern Luni) is an ancient settlement of Liguria. It was re-founded by the Romans as a colonial settlement in 177 BC.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Stefano Costa; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: Banti 1937; update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Lymphaeum

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 46 unlocated Lymphaeum
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Macalla

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 46 unlocated Macalla
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Macra (river)

The Magra river of northern Italy.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Ryan Horne; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: add TP reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Maltezana

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 61 C4 Maltezana
Creators: C. Foss; G. Reger
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: created connection "Astypalaia (island)"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Manliana

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 26 unlocated Manliana
Creators: F.H. Stanley; Jr.; R.C. Knapp
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Manliana

Now unlocated, Manliana was situated along the Via Aemilia Scauri near Populonia.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: created connection "Unnamed road"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Marciana Marina

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 41 C4 Marciana Marina
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Mariana

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 27 C3 Mariana
Creators: P.O. Spann
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Marica

Marica, an Italic goddess, was worshipped in a sacred grove located between Minturnae and the estuary of the Liris river.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Marsiliana d’Albegna

An ancient settlement located near the confluence of the rivers Albegna and Elsa.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: TGN 7032328: Marsiliana (inhabited place)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Marta (river)

The Marta river flows from Lake Bolsena to the Tyrrhenian Sea. Its course flows past both Tuscania and Tarquinia and enters the Tyrrhenian Sea near Lido di Tarquinia.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified location "OSM relation Marta" (Reimported full relation geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Massa Veternensis

A town of Etruria overlooking the Maremma plain.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: wikidata Massa Veternensis (Q11936119)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Massieni

An ancient people whose territory is unlocated
Creators: F.H. Stanley; Jr.; R.C. Knapp
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: Initial revision
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Maternum

Maternum was a settlement of ancient Etruria that is known from the Peutinger Table. It is located along the Via Clodia between Saturnia and Tuscana.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Matrinum

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 G3 Matrinum
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Mauretania Tingitana (Roman province)

The Roman imperial province of Mauretania Tingitana. Located in northwest Africa, the province stretched from the Mulucha river (modern Oued Moulouia in Morocco) westward to the Atlantic.
Creators: A.S. Esmonde-Cleary; C.M. Wells; J.F. Drinkwater; J.J. Wilkes; R.C. Knapp; R.S. Bagnall; S. Mitchell; S.T. Parker; W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; Brian Z. Lund; M. Joann McDaniel; Mary E. Downs; R. Talbert
Modifications: Arachne Mauretania Tingitana (Römische Provinz) Marokko; TGN 7030336: Mauretania Tingitana (province)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Mediana

An extensive late-Roman villa used as a temporary imperial residence in the suburbs of ancient Naissus. Located in the modern village of Brzi brod, within the municipality of Niš, Serbia (BAtlas 21 E6 Mediana).
Creators: J.J. Wilkes
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Roko Rumora; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: arachne
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Mediana/Meziana

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 68 unlocated Mediana/Meziana
Creators: J.P. Brown; P.-L. Gatier
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Medma

Medma (Rosarno) was an ancient settlement founded from Lokroi Epizephyrioi.
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: TGN 7902178: Medma (deserted settlement)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Medma (river)

The Mesima river of southern Italy.
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: wikidata Mesima river (Q603862); created connection "Tyrrhenum/Inferum Mare"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Meduacus Maior (river)

The Brenta river flows from near Trentino to the Adriatic Sea.
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi; R. Peretto
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Ryan Horne; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: edited; created OSM location of Brenta (river course)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Meloessa (island)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 46 unlocated Meloessa Ins.
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; modified name "Meloessa" (add time period, add Latin name, add Pliny the E reference)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Meloukome

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 56 G4 Meloukome
Creators: C. Foss; G. Reger; S. Mitchell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Melpum

Melpum was an Etruscan town of northern Italy that was taken by the Celts in 386 B.C. It is now unlocated.
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; modified name "Melpum" (update references)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Metapinum? Ostium

Metapinum? Ostium, the mouth of the Rhone river.
Creators: S. Loseby
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Mignano

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 E3 Mignano
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Milreu

A Roman peristyle villa located in Lusitania.
Creators: F.H. Stanley; Jr.; R.C. Knapp
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: add arachne
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Minturnae

Originally an Ausonian town that fought against Rome in 314 B.C., Minturnae became a colony in 296 B.C. The site is located on the Garigliano river (ancient Liris) and served an important economic function. The Via Appia passes through the city.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Misco? (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 E2 Misco? fl.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Ryan Horne; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; modified OSM location of Musone (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Molee/Meleissa (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 46 unlocated Molee/Meleissa fl.
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Mondragone

A Renaissance villa (Villa Mondragone) was built atop the platform of a Roman villa dating to the first century B.C.
Creators: L. Quilici; S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Monte Castellone 2

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 F3 Monte Castellone 2
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Monte Castellone (Torcino)

A fortified center located in the comune of Ciorlano.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Montecatini Val de Cécina

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 41 D3 Montecatini Val de Cécina
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Montedoro

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 43 C2 Montedoro
Creators: L. Quilici; S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Montefortino

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 D2 Montefortino
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Monte Frascara

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 E3 Monte Frascara
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Montelibretti

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 D4 Montelibretti
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Monterano

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 C4 Monterano
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Ryan Horne; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Monteroni

Monteroni, near Ladispoli, is the site of an Etruscan necropolis.
Creators: L. Quilici; S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Monte Testaccio

An artificial mountain on the banks of the Tiber river at Rome composed of 580,000 cubic meters of broken amphorae.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications: created OSM location of Monte Testaccio
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Monte Tosto

An Etruscan and Roman site lying 4 km to the west of Caere along the monumental road leading to Pyrgi. Until the early 1960s, the site was known for the monumental tumulus that Mengarelli had excavated in the 1920s. Subsequent excavation revealed other evidence, including an elite compound that served as a sanctuary.
Creators: L. Quilici; S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: created OSM location of Tumulo di Montetosto; created OSM location of Santuario di Montetosto
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Monumental complex of Sant'Ilario a Port' Aurea

An architectural complex associated with the nearby Longobard church of Sant'Ilario. The complex included a monastery and is built atop Roman Imperial remains.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott
Contributors:
Modifications: update references; created OSM location of so-called "Complesso Monumentali di Sant'Ilario a Port' Aurea"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Moulouya (river)

The modern Moulouya River, which flows from the Atlas Mountains to the Mediterranean Sea, is probably to be identified with the attested ancient names Malva and Mulucha.
Creators: T.W. Potter
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: modified OSM location of Moulouya River (representative location); created OSM location of Moulouya River; modified name "Oued Moulouya" (Initial revision, edited, Create, Submit for review)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Moura

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 61 C4 Moura
Creators: C. Foss; G. Reger
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: created connection "Astypalaia (island)"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Municipium Faustianum

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 20 unlocated Municipium Faustianum
Creators: M. Šašel Kos; P. Kos
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: RE Faustianum municipium
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Murus Servii Tullii

The Republican city wall of Rome.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Brady Kiesling
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Mysaris Akra

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 23 E2 Mysaris Akra
Creators: David Braund
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; Diane Braund; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Naharcer

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 D3 Naharcer
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Michael Heubel; Ryan Horne; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; Richard Talbert
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Nellos

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 54 unlocated Nellos
Creators: W.M. Murray
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Nepet

Nepet had become a Roman town before 396 B.C. when Livy dubs it, along with Sutrium, as one of the "keys" to Etruria. It became a Roman colony in 383 B.C. and a municipium after the Social War.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: add TGN 7011176: Nepi (inhabited place)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Nequinum/Narnia

Nequinum/Narnia (modern Narni) was an ancient settlement in Umbria. It became a Latin colony in 299 BC.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Jonathan Prag; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: add Lackner 2008; add TGN 7005121: Narni (inhabited place)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Newport Arch city gate

The remains of a third century A.D. city gate.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: modified OSM location of Newport Arch city gate (Reimported full node geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Nicia

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 49 D2 Nicia
Creators: J.J. Wilkes
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Nicotera

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 46 C4 Nicotera
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Niphanda

An ancient settlement, attested by literary or documentary sources, whose precise location cannot be determined today
Creators: M.U. Erdosy
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Nippur/Nufar/‘Hippareni’

An ancient Sumerian settlement whose ruins lie at Nuffar in modern Iraq. Under various names it persisted as a settlement throughout the periods of Greek and Roman engagement in Babylonia.
Creators: A. Hausleiter; M. Roaf; R. Wenke; St J. Simpson
Contributors: Carolin Johansson; Eric Kansa; Francis Deblauwe; Jeffrey Becker; Jamie Novotny; Rune Rattenborg; Sebastian Heath; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; B. Siewert-Mayer; DARMC; H. Kopp; P. Flensted Jensen; R. Talbert; W. Röllig
Modifications: add arachne Nippur Vorderasien, Irak, Asien
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Noctilucae (island)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 27 unlocated Noctilucae Ins.
Creators: P.O. Spann
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Nostana

An ancient settlement, attested by literary or documentary sources, whose precise location cannot be determined today
Creators: M.U. Erdosy
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Novilara

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 D1 Novilara
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Nuceria

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 39 unlocated Nuceria
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Nuraghe Biunisi

A single-tower nuraghe with a likely associated village.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: modified OSM location of Nuraghe Biunisi (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Nuraghe Sa Bosa

The remains of a nuraghe near an industrial zone near Sassari.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: modified OSM location of Nuraghe Sa Bosa (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Nursia

Nursia was the northernmost city of the Sabines.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: created connection "Unnamed road"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Nymphaeus (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 C3 Nymphaeus fl.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ogygia/Calypsus

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 46 unlocated Ogygia/Calypsus Ins.
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Arthur De Graauw; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ogygia (island)

An ancient island or island group, attested by literary or documentary sources, whose precise location cannot be determined today
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references, update title, add 'unlocated' to type
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Opis

Opis was an ancient city of Babylonia located on the Tigris river close to the site of modern Baghdad.
Creators: M. Roaf; St J. Simpson
Contributors: Carolin Johansson; Eric Kansa; Francis Deblauwe; Jeffrey Becker; Rune Rattenborg; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; B. Siewert-Mayer; DARMC; H. Kopp; R. Talbert; W. Röllig
Modifications: create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; created CIGS location of Ūbīs; created name "Ūbīs"
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Tom Elliott

Oplontis

An ancient place (modern Torre Annunziata in Italy), lying between Pompeii and Herculaneum and buried by the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 CE. Its ancient name is known only from Peutinger's Roman Map.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: arachne; add Arachne
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Orbe Gallo-Roman Villa

The site of a palatial Roman villa dating to the first and second centuries A.D. Discovered in 1841, the site is noted for its extensive in situ mosaic pavements.
Creators: G.D. Woolf
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: Arachne
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Orbetello

A city of Tyrrhenian Etruria that came under Roman control in 280 B.C.; the Latin colony of Cosa was established nearby in 273 B.C.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: De Giorgi 2024; add TGN 7006176: Orbetello (inhabited place); update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Oriza/Oruba/Oresa

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 68 G3 Oriza/Oruba/Oresa
Creators: J.P. Brown; P.-L. Gatier
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: modified name "Oruba" (add TP reference)
Actors: Tom Elliott

Orouinion

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 unlocated Orouinion
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; modified name "Orouinion" (add Greek name Dion. Hal. reference)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Orto della Regina

An archaeological site located on Monte La Frascara at Roccamonfina that is enclosed by a megalithic fortification executed in polygonal masonry.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ostia

The port city of ancient Rome located at the mouth of the river Tiber.
Creators: L. Quilici; S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Ryan Horne; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: edited; added TGN x 2; update arachne reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ostium Caprasiae

Ostium Caprasiae, one of the mouths of the Po river.
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi; R. Peretto
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ostium Carbonaria

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 40 C2 Ostium Carbonaria
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi; R. Peretto
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ostium fluminis Anae

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 26 C4 Ostium fl. Anae
Creators: F.H. Stanley; Jr.; R.C. Knapp
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ostium Fossiones

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 40 C2 Ostium Fossiones
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi; R. Peretto
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: Pliny
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ostium Philistina

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 40 C2 Ostium Philistina
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi; R. Peretto
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ostium Sagis

Ostium Sagis was a mouth of the ancient Po river.
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi; R. Peretto
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ostium Volane

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 40 C3 Ostium Volane
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi; R. Peretto
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; modified name "Ostium Volane" (update references)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ostra

Ostra was an ancient town of Umbria.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ouaunia

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 39 unlocated Ouaunia
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ouenniknion Akron

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 2 unlocated Ouenniknion Akron
Creators: A. Bursche; R. Warner
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Oxilla

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 39 unlocated Oxilla
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Paganica

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 E4 Paganica
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pallia (river)

The Pallia is a tributary of the Tiber river.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: TM GEO ID 42433: Pallia (Paglia); update references; created OSM location of Paglia; modified connection "Tiberis (river)" (ctype to flows into)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Palmaria (island)

The second largest of the Pontine Islands, the modern Palmarola.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: TM GEO ID 62940: Palmaria; TM GEO ID 62940: Palmaria
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Paludes Tartari

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 40 A2 Paludes Tartari
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi; R. Peretto
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; jabecker
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Panormos

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 61 C4 Panormos
Creators: C. Foss; G. Reger
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: created connection "Astypalaia (island)"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Parma (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 39 G4 Parma fl.
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: add TP reference, add TM GEO ID, add Wikipedia; modified OSM Location of the Parma river (Reimported full relation geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Paropos

An ancient settlement, attested by literary or documentary sources, whose precise location cannot be determined today
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Parsiana/Parsia

An ancient settlement, attested by literary or documentary sources, whose precise location cannot be determined today
Creators: M.U. Erdosy
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Passaron

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 54 C2 Passaron
Creators: W.M. Murray
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Passo Corese

Passo Corese is located near Cures (Fara in Sabina). The site is often connected with Titus Tatius' march on Rome in 747 B.C.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Ryan Horne; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Patavium

An ancient settlement of the Veneti, Patavium became a Roman municipium in 45 BC. It was the birthplace of several famous Romans including Titus Livius, Valerius Flaccus, Asconius Pedianus and Thrasea Paetus.
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi; R. Peretto
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Gabriel Mckee; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pecoli/Paccolicus (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 46 unlocated Pecoli/Paccolicus fl.
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Peithesa

An ancient settlement, attested by literary or documentary sources, whose precise location cannot be determined today
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: wikidata Peithesa (Q124157929); update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Perusia

A city of ancient Umbrian and Etruscan origin, Perusia aided Rome during the Second Punic War but was sieged and reduced by Octavian in the first century B.C. during campaigns against Lucius Antonius. It was rebuilt by Augustus and became Colonia Vibia Augusta Perusia quite late, in A.D. 251-3, under Trebonianus Gallus.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; John Muccigrosso; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Phalakrion Akron

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 47 H2 Phalakrion Akron
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; created OSM location of Capo Rasocolmo
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Phykous Akron

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 38 C1 Phykous Akron
Creators: D.J. Mattingly
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Piano Tondo

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 B2 Piano Tondo
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pierre Ecrite

A monumental Latin inscription of the fifth century AD dedicated by Caius Postumus Dardanus, a praetorian prefect.
Creators: R. Häussler; S. Loseby
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; vici.org 73291: Inscription de la Pierre Écrite; update references; update references; created OSM location of La Pierre-Écrite
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Pietrastretta

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 45 C3 Pietrastretta
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pinna

Pinna (modern Penne) was a center of the Vestini. The site came under Roman control after the Social War (89 BC).
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: add wikidata
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pisae

A city situated on the Tyrrhenian seaboard and likely of Etruscan origin. Its early nature was that of a mercantile center. The city became a Roman colony in 89 B.C.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Piscina Mirabilis

A freshwater cistern at Bacoli on the Gulf of Naples, the Piscina Mirabilis likely provided sailors of the Roman fleet with drinking water. Its capacity is estimated at 12,600 cubic meters.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications: update arachne
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pitinum Pisaurense

An ancient settlement in Umbria, known mostly via its inclusion in the texts of Pliny the Elder and Ptolemy, as well as by means of various epigraphic evidence.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Plangenses

An ancient people whose territory is unlocated
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: RE Plangenses
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pnigeus Akroterion

An ancient place, cited: None
Creators: D.J. Mattingly
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Poggio Capalbiaccio

The hill known as Poggio Capalbiaccio is located in the Maremma plain.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: edit summary; modified OSM location of Poggio Capalbiaccio (Reimported full node geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Poggio Pellicia

An isolated tumulus with grave goods ranging in date from the seventh to the fourth centuries B.C.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: edited; modified OSM location of tumulus (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Poggio Sommavilla

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 D4 Poggio Sommavilla
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pollition

Mentioned only by Diodorus, Pollition is described as "a city of the Marroukinoi" against which Rome conducted military operations ca. 312 BCE. The Marrucini were an Italic tribe centered around Teate in the Abruzzo, but the precise location of Poliltion cannot be determined today.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: summary; added Tataranni 2004; added Thayer note reference; cleaned up Diodorus reference; added RE reference; replaced pro forma BAtlas reference with precise BAtlDir references for both map 42 and 44; update references; created name "Pollitium"; modified name "Pollition" (Baseline created, Diodorus reference, greek); created connection "Marrucini"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Pomarico Vecchio

A fortified center of Lucania founded in the fifth century B.C. or earlier, Pomarico Vecchio was influenced by its close contacts with the Greek cities of Magna Graecia.
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; update references; created OSM location of Pomarico Vecchio
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Ponte alle Conche

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 41 C2 Ponte alle Conche
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ponte Capo d’Acqua

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 D4 Ponte Capo d’Acqua
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: vici.org 59552: Ponte Capo d’Acqua; update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ponte Molino

A Roman segmental arch bridge across the Bacchiglione river in Padua, Italy.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: modified OSM location of Via Ponte Molino (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ponte Nomentano

A Roman bridge over the Aniene river.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: add wikidata; modified OSM location of Ponte Nomentano (Roman bridge) (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pontiae (islands)

An archipelago in the Tyrrhenian Sea off the west coast of Italy.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Porcibera (river)

A river, flowing from the Apennines and emptying in the Ligusticum Mare near Genua.
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Stefano Costa; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; modified OSM location of Torrente Polcevera (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Porta Trigemina

Now lost, the Porta Trigemina was one of the main gates of the Servian Wall.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Brady Kiesling
Modifications: update references; update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Porto

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 E3 Porto
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Portus Herculis

Portus Herculis is located on the eastern side of the Monte Argentario peninsula, about 40 km south-east of Grosseto and about 7 km south-west of Orbetello. and about 12 km from Porto Santo Stefano. The site is in use as a port in the Etruscan, Roman, and Late Antique phases of occupation. It is included on the Peutinger map and in the Itinerarium Maritimum.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: summary; ItMarit 499,6 ItMiller 246; modified name "Portus Herculis" (add TP reference)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Posideion

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 68 A2 Posideion
Creators: J.P. Brown; P.-L. Gatier
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

‘Praesidio’

Possibly originally named Praesidium, this small Roman fort located in modern Jordan is known today as Khirbet al-Khalde.
Creators: D.F. Graf
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: add DARMC 8205 and 22746 as related to maintain resource alignment; summary; added Wikipedia, Wikidata, and vici references; place type = fort; provided correct page link for NotDig reference; added Steding 2023, Khirbet al-Khalde Archaeological Project, and Surveying Khirbet al-Khalde references; cleaned up references; created location "OSM Location: Castrum Khirbet el-Khalde"; modified name "Praesidio" (Not Dig reference, Latin); created name "Praesidio"; created name "Praesidium"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Praetuttii

The Praetuttii were an ancient tribe of central Italy.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Michael Heubel; Ryan Horne; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; Richard Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Prifernum

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 unlocated Prifernum
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: wikidata Prifernum (Q124158074); update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Priniatikos Pyrgos

Priniatikos Pyrgos is located on a limestone headland jutting out into the southwest corner of the Gulf of Mirabello in East Crete. Ongoing survey and excavation in the vicinity is producing evidence of occupation from at least the Late Neolithic down through the Late Roman and Byzantine periods. Whatever ancient names may have been applied to these settlements are as yet unknown.
Creators: Frank Lynam
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Stefano Costa; Tom Elliott
Modifications: update; update references; modified OSM location of Priniatikos Pyrgos (Reimported full node geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Prolaqueum

A statio on the road from Nuceria to Ancona.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pteron Akron

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 22 unlocated Pteron Akron
Creators: A.G. Poulter
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Puente de Génave Roman Bridge

Known locally as the Puente Romano or Puente Viejo, this single-arched bridge crosses the modern Río Guadalimar at Puente de Génave in Andalusia, Spain.
Creators: P.O. Spann
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: created connection "Guadalimar"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Puente Mocho (Río Guadalimar)

A Roman bridge located between Chiclana and Beas de Segura, S Mariana.
Creators: P.O. Spann
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: created connection "Guadalimar"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Pullariae (islands)

Pullariae Inss. (the modern the Brijuni or the Brionian Islands).
Creators: M. Šašel Kos; P. Kos
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Perry Scalfano; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: created OSM location of Veliki Brijun
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Pullion

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 41 B1 Pullion
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pullion

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 39 unlocated Pullion
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Puntone Vecchio

A Roman villa that was likely in use from the first century BC until the third century AD.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pyrgi

Pyrgi is an ancient Etruscan port city on the Tyrrhenian coast of Italy. A Roman colony was established at the site by 191 B.C. In 1964 the bi-lingual 'Pyrgi Plaques' were discovered during the course of excavations.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Ryan Horne; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: add Arachne, TGN references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Qaryat al-Lak

Qaryat al-Lak (formerly called Tulul al-Lak) is a small village in northern Iraq that is located between the Assyrian cities Nimrud and Mosul. The modern village is built on top of the ruin mound. The ancient name of the settlement is not known.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Carolin Johansson; Jeffrey Becker; Rune Rattenborg
Modifications: created CIGS location of Tulūl al-Lak; created name "Tulūl al-Lak"
Actors: Carolin Johansson; Tom Elliott

Quintianum

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 B4 Quintianum
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Quinto Fiorentino

Quinto Fiorentino is a place located in the plain of the Arno River to the west of Florence. Its location corresponds to the fifth mile of the Roman road. The site is especially known for two Etruscan tholos-type tombs a thòlos, one of which is the Tomba della Mula, and the other the Tomba della Montagnola.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Raiano

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 F4 Raiano
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Rapinium

Rapinium is located on the coast of Etruria between Centumcellae and Graviscae, at modern Bagni Sant'Agostino.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Raudii Campi

Raudii Campi (or Campus Raudius) is the name of a plain located in Cisalpine Gaul where, in 101 BC, Caius Marius and Catulus defeated the Cimbri. The precise location, perhaps near Verona, is not certain.
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Regilla

An ancient settlement, attested by literary or documentary sources, whose precise location cannot be determined today.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: Dion Hal Ant Rom 5.40.3; RE Regillum; created name "Regillum"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Reginum/Castra Regina

Reginum/Castra Regina was a Roman military installation on the Danube established ca. A.D. 179 for Legio III Italica.
Creators: H. Bender
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; G. Moosbauer; M. Puhane; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; created OSM location of Römermauer (Castra Regina)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Regio III (Isis et Serapis)

The third Augustan administrative region of the city of Rome was centered on the Oppian Hill and derived its name from the Isis et Serapis on the Via Praenestina. In addition to the named monuments, the region included 12 streets, 12 shrines, 2,757 blocks of flats, 60/160 houses, 17 horrea, 80 bathhouses, 65 cisterns, and 16 bakeries or mills. The region had 48 magistrates and two curators. The perimeter of the region was 12,350 Roman feet.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ricina

A Roman road station along the Via Aemilia Scauri on the Mediterranean coast of Italy, thought to have been located in the vicinty of modern Recco.
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Stefano Costa; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Road station at Foce del Fosso Grande

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 43 C3 no. 51 (road station at Foce del Fosso Grande)
Creators: L. Quilici; S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Robogdion Akron

A promontory attested in ancient sources, Robogodion Akron is possibly to be identified with modern Fair Head.
Creators: A.S. Esmonde Cleary
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: summary; title; update references; created OSM location of Fair Head; modified name "Robogdion Akron" (Greek, certain)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Roma

The capital of the Roman Republic and Empire.
Creators: L. Quilici; S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sebastian Heath; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Roman amphitheater at Amiternum

A Roman amphitheater dating to the first century A.D.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott
Contributors: Ryan Horne
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Roman amphitheater at Frusino

The Roman amphitheater at Frusino measures ca. 78 by 57 meters.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: update references; modified OSM location of Roman amphitheater (Reimported full node geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Roman amphitheater at Lixus

The ruins of a Roman amphitheater at Lixus, one of only a few such structures known in Berber North Africa.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: wikidata Lixus amphitheatre (Q18640103); created OSM location of Lixus Roman amphitheater
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Roman amphitheater at Patavium

The Roman amphitheater at Patavium dates to the Augustan period.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: modified OSM location of Roman amphitheater (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Roman amphitheater at Rudiae

The Roman amphitheater at Rudiae is part of the complement of Roman buildings dating to the imperial period.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: created OSM location of Anfiteatro romano di Rudiae
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Roman amphitheater at Sipous/Sipontum

The Roman amphitheater at Sipous/Sipontum.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: wikidata; modified OSM location of Roman amphitheater (Reimported full node geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Roman amphitheater at Sopron

The Roman amphitheater at Sopron dates to the later first century A.D.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: update references; modified OSM location of Roman amphitheater (Reimported full node geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Roman amphitheater at Suasa

The Roman amphitheater at Suasa dates to the first century A.D.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: modified OSM location of Anfiteatro romano di Suasa (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Roman amphitheater at Viminacium

The Roman amphitheater at Viminacium could accommodate roughly 12,000 spectators.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications: update references; created OSM location of Viminacium amphitheatre
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Roman amphitheater at Volaterrae

The archaeological remains of an amphitheater were discovered at Volterra in 2015. Preliminary work suggests that the structure measured ca. 70 x 90 meters and had three tiers of seats that could accommodate 8,000 to 10,000 spectators.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott
Contributors:
Modifications: created OSM location of Anfiteatro romano di Volterra
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Roman theater at Helvia Ricina

Helvia Ricina flourished under Augustus and Tiberius and its theater is the largest in Picenum.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: add arachne
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Roman theater at Spoletium

The Roman theater at Spoletium dates to the first century B.C.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: add arachne, update references; modified OSM location of Teatro Romano (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Roman theater of Suasa

The Roman theater of Suasa was discovered in 2003 during excavations near the amphitheater. The semicircular structure measures ca. 55 meters in diameter and dates to the first century A.D.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: add wikidata Ancient Roman theatre of Suasa (Q123562246); modified OSM location of Teatro della città romana di Suasa (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Roman villa at Artena

A Roman villa built atop the terraced platform of the so-called "Civita di Artena".
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: modified OSM location of Roman villa (Reimported full node geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Roman Villa at Lago di Nemi

A Roman Villa on the shores of Lago di Nemi.
Creators: L. Quilici; S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: edited; modified location of Roman Villa at Lago di Nemi (Reimported full node geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Roman villa of Capo di Massa

A villa at the Capo di Massa that has frequently been associated with Pollius Felix, a magistrate from Puteoli.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: Filser et al. 2017; created location "OSM location: Villa romana Capo di Massa"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Romechium

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 46 unlocated Romechium
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; created name "Romethium"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Rostrata Villa

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 C4 Rostrata Villa
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Ryan Horne; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified OSM location of Roman villa (Reimported full node geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Rubico (river)

A river in northeastern Italy that served, during the late Roman Republic, as the southern boundary of the province of Cisalpine Gaul and which Caesar famously crossed with an army in 49 BCE thereby precipitating the Roman Civil War. Its modern location is debated (see "Connections" and "Details" sections).
Creators: M. Pearce; P. Tozzi; R. Peretto
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified location of Rubico fl. (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Rudiae

An ancient Messapic town, Rudiae was the birthplace of the poet Ennius.
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: PECS RUDIAE Apulia, Italy; update references; modified name "Rudiae" (Baseline created, add Latin name, add Pliny reference)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Rudston

A modern village in the East Riding of Yorkshire near which were found Neolithic cursus monuments and standing stones, two Iron Age Arras Culture cemeteries, and a fourth-century Romano-British villa.
Creators: A.S. Esmonde Cleary
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Sean Manning; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references, add wikipedia reference for Rudston Roman villa; Added the pre-Roman IA and Neolithic occupation of Rudston
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Rusguniae

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 30 F3 Rusguniae
Creators: T.W. Potter
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: TM GEO ID 20464: Rusguniae (Tementfoust); modified name "Rusguniae" (Baseline created, add Latin name, add Pliny reference)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Rusippisir

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 30 H3 Rusippisir
Creators: T.W. Potter
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: Laporte 2013; RE Rusippisir; vici.org 3323: Rusippisir; vici.org 3323: Rusippisir
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Rusuccuru

The ancient city of Rusuccuru was founded as a Punic settlement on the Oued Sebaou river. In the Roman period, an inscription indicates that Rusuccuru achieved the status of municipium under Septimius Severus, yet some sources continue to refer to it as a colonia.
Creators: T.W. Potter
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: edited; summary, references; update references; update references; modified name "Rusuccenses" (type = ethnic, language = Latin); created name "Rusucurium"; modified connection "Addume (river)" (cnxn, Create, reference, Submit for review)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Sabate

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 false name Sabate
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sabate

An ancient settlement, attested by literary or documentary sources, whose precise location cannot be determined today
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: TM GEO ID 41832: Sabate
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sabeon Mediana

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 4 unlocated Sabeon Mediana
Creators: D.T. Potts
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Saccumum

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 false name Saccumum
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: add place type = false place; update references per BATL DIR
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sachalitis

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 4 D2 Sachalitis
Creators: D.T. Potts
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sacrata

Attested on the Peutinger Map, this road station near the Adriatic coast in Italy cannot be located with certainty today.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: edited; modified name "Sacrata" (attested form, language, evidence)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sacrum Pr. (promontory)

An ancient cape, identified with the Corsican islets now known as the Îles Finocchiarola, which extend from a small, northeastern promontory of the island into the Tyrrhenian Sea.
Creators: S.L. Dyson
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Saepinum

An ancient town of Samnium captured by the Romans in 293 B.C., located on the road between Beneventum and Corfinium.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Salebro?

An ancient coastal town with Etruscan origins near Lacus Prelius.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: add RE Salebro; update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker