Pleiades Change Log: 2018-01-01 - 2018-01-31

Agade

Agade was the capital of the Akkadian state, which was the dominant military and political force in southern Mesopotamia ca. 2334-2113 B.C. Agade (also known as Akkad and Akkade) is mentioned in cuneiform texts from the late third millennium B.C. to the Neo-Babylonian period. The exact location is still unknown and debated among scholars, many of whom place it along or east of the Tigris River, between Samarra and Baghdad.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Sarah Bond

Akkad

Akkad (Māt-Akkadî) is the name of a historical region of central Mesopotamia (northern Babylonia). During the Sargonic/Akkadian Period (ca. 2334-2113 B.C.), its capital was the city of Agade, which may have been located somewhere near the confluence of the Diyala and Tigris Rivers. In cuneiform texts of the first millennium B.C., the term Māt-Akkadî was used for the name of the region roughly comprising the northern half of Babylonia, now modern-day central Iraq.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Alu-eššu

An unlocated city/town in the kingdom of Suhu, probably not far from Baqa, Qaqqar-aradātu, and Ribaniš.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Amatu

A nomadic Aramean tribe that invaded the kingdom of Suhu in the late 9th/early 8th century B.C. and were living in Babylonia by the time Tiglath-pileser III became king of Assyria in the mid-8th century B.C..
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Amnanum

Name of an Amorite tribe who settled near Sippar-Amnanu (Tell ed-Der) and also near Tuttul (Tell Bi'a) during the Old Babylonian Period.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Aramu

A general designation for Arameans in Akkadian texts.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Ay-ibūr-šabû

The processional road of the god Marduk in Babylon, whose Akkadian ceremonial name means "May the Arrogant Not Flourish." The street runs north-south through the city, from the Ištar Gate to the Esagil temple. The northern stretch of Ay-ibūr-šabû is sometimes referred to as Ištar-lamassi-ummānīšu ("The goddess Ištar is the Guardian Angel of Her Troops").
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Azlāyyānu

An unlocated town in the kingdom of Suhu that is reported to have been near the Euphrates River, on the bank opposite Kār-Apladad (Gleieh).
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Baduldua

The city wall of Sippar. Its Sumerian ceremonial name means "Wall Built in Ancient Times." In the 7th century B.C., the wall was also called Badullisâ ("What Named in Ancient Times").
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Baqa

An unlocated city/town in the kingdom of Suhu, probably not far from Alu-eššu, Qaqqar-aradātu, and Ribaniš.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Bāṣ

The unlocated Babylonian city is mentioned in cuneiform documents of the second and first millennia B.C. Information provided the texts seem to indicate that Baṣ, whose name might derive from the Akkadian word for sand, might be located somewhere near Sippar, perhaps close to the Euphrates River.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Bīt-Karziabku

Bīt-Karziabku was originally the name of a Kassite clan, which was named after its eponymous tribal ancestor Karziabku; the Akkadian name means "House of Karziabku." By the reign of the Middle Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar I (1125-1104 B.C.), Bīt-Karziabku had become district/region with several towns. It is presently unlocated, but may have been situated in or near the province of Namar, which some scholars suggest may have been in the Hamrin basin.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Bukrê

An unlocated well presumably in the middle Euphrates region, in or near the kingdom of Suhu.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Dūr-Ninurta-kudurrī-uṣur

This unlocated, fortified settlement was founded and built by Ninurta-kudurrī-uṣur of Suhu, which he named after himself: Dūr-Ninurta-kudurrī-uṣur (“Fort Ninurta-kudurrī-uṣur”). The city is presumably located in the kingdom of Suhu.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Dūr-Šamaš-rēša-uṣur

This unlocated, fortified settlement was founded and built by Šamaš-rēša-uṣur of Suhu, which he named after himself: Dūr-Šamaš-rēša-uṣur (“Fort Šamaš-rēša-uṣur”). The city is presumably located in the kingdom of Suhu.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Dur-Sharrukku/Sippar-Aruru

Dur-Sharrukku is an unlocated city in northern Babylonia that also goes by the name Sippar-Aruru (starting in the 7th century B.C.). In the 8th century B.C., Dur-Sharrukku served as an Assyrian provincial center.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Dūru-ša-Ladīni

An unlocated fortified settlement in the area of Bīt-Dakkūri. The Akkadian name means "Fortress of Ladīnu."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Dutēti

An unlocated town in Babylonia that is reported to have been located on one of the banks of the Euphrates River.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Eadgigi

The shrine/seat of the god Nusku in the Egipar temple at Ur. The Sumerian ceremonial name Eadgigi means "House of the Counsellor."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Eamaškuga

The temple of the goddess Ningal at Kissik. The Sumerian ceremonial name Eamaškuga means "House, Pure Sheepfold."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Eankikuga

The shrine/seat of the god Kusu in the Egipar temple at Ur. The Sumerian ceremonial name Eankikuga means "House of the Pure Heaven and Underworld."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Eanna

The temple of the god Anu and the goddess Ištar at Uruk. The Sumerian ceremonial name Eanna means "House of Heaven."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Eanšar

The shrine in the Egipar temple at Ur. The Sumerian ceremonial name Eanšar means "House of All Heaven."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

É.AŠ.AN.AMAR

The shrine/seat of the god Enlil in the Egipar temple at Ur. The exact meaning and reading of the Sumerian ceremonial name are uncertain.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Ebabbar

The temple of the god Šamaš at Larsa. The Sumerian ceremonial name Ebabbar means "Shining House."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Ebabbar

The temple of the god Šamaš at Sippar. The Sumerian ceremonial name Ebabbar means "Shining House."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Edimgalkalama

The temple of the god Ištarān/Anu-rabû at Der. The Sumerian ceremonial name Edimgalkalama means "House, Great Bond of the Land."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Eduranna

The ziggurat of the god Šamaš at Larsa. The Sumerian ceremonial name Eduranna means "House, Bond of Heaven."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Edurgina

The temple of the god Bēl-Ṣarbi at Bāṣ. The Sumerian ceremonial name Edurgina means "House, Established Abode."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Eedinna

The temple of the goddess Ištar (as Bēlet-Sippar) at Sippar. The Sumerian ceremonial name Eedinna means "House of the Steppe."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Eešbanda

The shrine/seat of the goddess Šuzianna in the Egipar temple at Ur. The Sumerian ceremonial name Eešbanda means "House, Little Chamber."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Eešerke

The sanctuary of the god Marduk at Sippar-Arūru. The name may be a variant or corruption of the Sumerian ceremonial name Ešeriga ("House which Gleans Barley"); alternatively, it may be part of that temple.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

E(...)gakuga

The shrine/seat of the god Ennugi in the Egipar temple at Ur. The name is damaged and the complete Sumerian ceremonial name of the structure is not known.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Egalmah

The temple of the goddess Gula (as Ninisinna) at Larsa. The Sumerian ceremonial name Egalmah means "Exalted Palace."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Eganunmah

The treasury of the god Nanna/Suen/Sîn in the Ekišnugal temple at Ur. The Sumerian ceremonial name Eganunmah means "House, Exalted Storehouse."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Egipar

The Giparu-House at Ur was the temple of the high-priestess of the moon-god.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Ehiliana

The shrine/cella of the goddess Nanāya in the Eanna temple at Uruk. The Sumerian ceremonial name Ehiliana means "House of the Luxuriance of Heaven."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Ehulhul

The temple of the god Sîn at Harran. The Sumerian ceremonial name Ehulhul means "House which Gives Joy."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

E-ibbi-Anum

The temple of the god Uraš at Dilbat. The Akkadian ceremonial name E-ibbi-Anum means "House, Anu Called It into Being."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Eigikalamma

The temple of the god Lugal-Marda at Marad. The Sumerian ceremonial name Eigikalamma means "House, Eye of the Land."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Ekarzagina

The temple of the god Ea within the Esagil(a) complex at Babylon. The Sumerian ceremonial name Ekarzagina means "Pure Quay"or "Quay of Lapis Lazuli."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Ekinu

The temple of the goddess Aya at Sippar. The Sumerian ceremonial name Ekinu means "House, Bed-Chamber."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Ekišibgalekura

The shrine/seat of the goddess Ninimma in the Egipar temple at Ur. The Sumerian ceremonial name Ekišibgalekura may mean "House, Keeper of the Seal of the Ekur."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Ekišnugal

The temple of the moon god Nanna/Suen/Sîn at Ur from the third to first millennium B.C. Over the course of its long history, it was rebuilt (and expanded) numerous times. A few of its more famous builders were Narām-Sîn of Agade, Ur-Nammu of Ur, and Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Ekunankuga

The ziggurat of the god Šamaš at Sippar. The Sumerian ceremonial name Ekunankuga means "House, Pure Stairway of Heaven."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Ekurnizu

The sanctuary of the goddess Ninlil at Ḫursagkalama (Tell Ingharra). The Sumerian ceremonial name Ekurnizu means "House, Fearsome Mountain."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Ekurra

The temple of the god Bunene at Sippar. The Sumerian ceremonial name Ekurra means "House of the Mountains."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Elugalgalgasisa

The ziggurat of the god Sîn at Ur. The Sumerian ceremonial name Elugalgalgasisa means "House of the King who Lets Counsel Flourish". The platform temple was originally built during the Early Bronze Age and was then restored in the sixth century B.C. by King Nabonidus.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Emašdari

The temple of the goddess Ištar of Agade at Babylon. The Sumerian ceremonial name Emašdari means "House of Animal Offerings." The Neo-Babylonian king Nabonidus rebuilt/renovated it.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Emeslam

The temple of the god Nergal at Cutha. The Sumerian ceremonial name Emeslam means "House, Warrior of the Netherworld."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Emeteursaga

The shrine/cella of the god Zababa in the Edubba temple at Kish. The Sumerian ceremonial name Emeteursaga means "House, Worthy of the Hero."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Enamhe

The temple of the gods Adad and Apla-Adad at Anat (Anatho). The Sumerian ceremonial name Enamhe means "House of Plenty."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Eniggidrukalamasuma

The temple of the god Nabû of the ḫarû as at Borsippa. The Sumerian ceremonial name Eniggidrukalamasuma means "House which Bestows the Scepter of the Land."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Enirgalana

The cella/shrine of the goddess Ištar in the Eanna temple at Uruk. The Sumerian ceremonial name Enirgalana means "House of the Prince of Heaven."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Enun

The shrine/seat of the goddess Ningal in the Egipar temple at Ur. The Sumerian ceremonial name Enun means "Princely House."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Enunmah

The ḫilṣu-building of the goddess Ningal inside the Egišnugal temple at Ur. The Sumerian ceremonial name Enunmah means "House of the Exalted Prince."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Ešaduga

The shrine/seat of the god Nanna in the Egipar temple at Ur. The Sumerian ceremonial name Ešaduga means "House which Pleases the Heart."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Ešahula

The temple of the god Nergal at Me-Turnat. The Sumerian ceremonial name Ešahula means "House of the Happy Heart."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Esiskur

The New Year's (Akītu) temple of the god Marduk outside Babylon. The Sumerian ceremonial name Esiskur means "House of the Sacrifice."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Ešuzianna

The temple of the goddess Anat at Anat (Anatho). The Sumerian ceremonial name Ešuzianna means "House, True Hand of Heaven."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Etemenanki

The ziggurat of the god Marduk at Babylon. The Sumerian ceremonial name Etemenanki means "House, Foundation Platform of Heaven and Underworld."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Etenten

The temple of the goddess Ba-KUR at Ša-Iṣṣur-Adad.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Eulmaš

The temple of the goddess Ištar at Agade.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Eulmaš

The temple of the goddess Anunnītu at Sippar-Anunnītu (=Sippar-Amnanum).
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Eurmeiminanki

The ziggurat of the god the god Nabû at Borsippa. The Sumerian ceremonial name Eurmeiminanki means "House which Gathers the Seven (Me's) of Heaven and Underworld."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Eušumgalana

The shrine/seat of the goddess Ninkasi in the Egipar temple at Ur. The Sumerian ceremonial name Eušumgalana means "House of the Dragon of Heaven."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Ezida

The temple of the god Marduk as Tutu, later of the god Nabû, at Borsippa. The Sumerian ceremonial name Ezida means "True House."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Gallabu

An unlocated well presumably in the middle Euphrates region, in or near the kingdom of Suhu.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Gurasimmu

The name of a West Semitic tribe living in southern Babylonia, perhaps near Ur.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Gutium

Gutium is a designation appearing in cuneiform texts of the third, second, and first millennia B.C. for the land of the Gutians (Akkadian Gutî or Qutî), a people responsible for bringing an end to the Akkadian empire. In first millennium B.C. sources, the name is used as an archaic designation for the region northeast of Babylonia, near and in the Zagros Mountains.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Habha

An unlocated, mountainous region northwest of Assyria, possibly in the Taurus mountains.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Halatu

An unlocated well in the middle Euphrates region, near the city Ḫindānu.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Hanzanūa

The name of a nomadic Aramean tribal group that was in the middle Euphrates region during the early part of the first millennium B.C.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Haṭallu

The name of a nomadic Aramean tribal group that was active in the middle Euphrates region during the early part of the first millennium B.C. and in Babylonia in the middle of the eighth century B.C.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Hatti (region)

In Assyrian and Babylonian texts of the first millennium BC, Hatti is a purely geographical term referring to North Syria, the area roughly covered by Syro-Hittite states west of the Euphrates River.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Hazī

A town presumably located in or near the kingdom of Suhu, in the middle Euphrates region.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Humē

A country mentioned in Neo- and Late-Babylonian texts that roughly corresponds to Que (kingdom and province) and Cilicia Pedias ("Flat Cilicia").
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Imgur-Enlil

An unlocated town in the middle Euphrates region, presumably in or near the kingdom of Suhu.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Imgur-Enlil

The great, inner wall of Babylon was called by the ceremonial Akkadian name Imgur-Enlil, which means "The God Enlil Showed Favor." According to the text Tintir = Babylon, Imgur-Enlil had eight city gates, four on the eastern side of the Euphrates and four on the western side of the river. The Assyrian kings Esarhaddon and Ashurbanipal and the Babylonian kings Nabopolassar, Nebuchadnezzar II, and Nebonidus all undertook construction on Babylon’s great wall. Imgur-Enlil is one of the seven wonders of the ancient according to some classical sources.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Imgur-Marduk

The city wall of Nippur according to the so-called "Kuyunjik Ziqqurrat List" (7th century B.C.). Its Akkadian ceremonial name means "The God Marduk Showed Favor."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Ištar Gate

The Ištar Gate is the most famous of Babylon's eight city gates and is situated on the northeastern side of the inner city, directly north of the Kadingirra quarter. King Nebuchadnezzar II built the gate ca. 575 B.C.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Kār-Dūr-Apil-Sîn

An unlocated town in Babylonia.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Kar-Nabû

An unlocated city in the kingdom of Suhu.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Kassites

Tribal people living in southwestern Asia, attested principally in Babylonia and western Iran during the second and first millennia B. C. The original homeland of the Kassites has yet to be identified, but it may have been located in the Zagros Mountains.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Laqê

A land situated on the middle Euphrates, to north and west of the kingdom of Suhu and to the south of the land Bit-Halupê. Eleven of its cities are mentioned in Assyrian inscriptions of the first millennium B.C.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Larak

A city located near the Tigris River, possibly east or northeast of Nippur.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Clifflena Tiah

Luhuāyu

The name of a nomadic Aramean tribal group that was in the middle Euphrates region during the early part of the first millennium B.C.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Makiru

An unlocated well presumably in the middle Euphrates region, in or near the kingdom of Suhu.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Martu

An unlocated well in the middle Euphrates region, near the city Ḫindānu.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Melem-kurukurra-dulla

According to an inscription of the Neo-Babylonian king Nabonidus, the name of the wall of Kish was Melem-kurukurra-dulla, whose Sumerian ceremonial name means "(Whose) Radiance Spreads over (All) Lands."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Minu'û

The name of a nomadic Aramean tribal group that was in the middle Euphrates region during the early part of the first millennium B.C.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Nēmed-Enlil

The outer wall of Babylon was called by the ceremonial Akkadian name Nēmed-Enlil/ Nēmetti-Enlil, which means "Bulwark of the God Enlil." According to the text Tintir = Babylon, Nēmed-Enlil (and the inner wall Imgur-Enlil) had eight city gates, four on the eastern side of the Euphrates and four on the western side of the river. The Assyrian kings Esarhaddon and Ashurbanipal and the Babylonian kings Nabopolassar, Nebuchadnezzar II, and Nebonidus all undertook construction on Babylon’s outer wall.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Nēmed-Marduk

The outer city wall of Nippur according to the so-called "Kuyunjik Ziqqurrat List" (7th century B.C.). Its Akkadian ceremonial name means "Bulwark of the God Marduk".
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Nuraghe Porcarzos

A complex nuraghe surrounded by a quadrilobate bastion.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Nuraghe Toscono

A single tower nuraghe standing ca. 7.25 meters.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Palace of Nebuchadnezzar II

The Neo-Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II constructed for himself a large and ornately decorated palace, the ruins of which are still visible today. This extensive architectural complex was located in the Kadingirra district of Babylon, which is situated just south of the Ishtar Gate, east of the processional street Ay-ibūr-šabû, north of the Lībil-hengalla canal, and west of the Euphrates River. Several Akkadian inscriptions of Nebuchadnezzar II record the construction of this building.
Creators: Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Parthenon

The poliadic temple of Athena located on the Athenian Acropolis and constructed at the height of Athenian power between 447 and 432 BCE. The Parthenon is the largest Doric temple in mainland Greece.
Creators: Gabriel McKee
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Jonathan Fu

Qaqqar-aradātu

An unlocated city/town in the kingdom of Suhu, probably not far from Alu-eššu, Baqa, and Ribaniš.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Rahi-ilu

An unlocated city/town in the kingdom of Suhu that was situated on an island in the Euphrates River.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Raṣappa

A land (and later an Assyrian province) mentioned in first-millennium B.C. Akkadian texts from Assyria and Suhu. Scholars generally believe that this land/province is located east of the Habur River, south of Jebel Singar, and northeast of the land Bit-Halupê.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Ribaniš

An unlocated city/town in the kingdom of Suhu, probably not far from Alu-eššu, Baqa, and Qaqqar-aradātu.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Roman baths of Taormina

The Roman baths of Taormina are built atop a public building of the Hellenistic period. The Roman baths originally fronted on the forum and were expanded in the second century.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:

Roman theater of Neapolis

The Roman theater of Neapolis is a structure of the first century B.C. that is built atop the pre-existing fourth century B.C. Greek theater.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:

Ša-Iṣṣur-Adad

An unlocated fortified settlement in the territory of the Chaldean tribe of Bīt-Amukāni.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Šamaš Gate

The Šamaš Gate is one of Babylon's eight city gates and it is situated on the southwestern side of the inner city, directly south of the Tuba quarter. King Nebuchadnezzar II built the gate ca. 575 B.C.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Šapīya

An unlocated settlement in the territory of the Chaldean tribe of Bīt-Amukāni.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Sarugu

The name of a nomadic Aramean tribal group that was in the middle Euphrates region during the early part of the first millennium B.C.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Sphinx Temple

The Old Kingdom temple associated with the Great Sphinx of Giza and assigned to the reign of Khafre.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:

Suhu

The kingdom of Suhu was situated on the middle Euphrates and stretched from the northwestern border of Babylonia in the south to Hindanu in the north. During the 9th and 8th centuries B.C., its rulers held authority over the cities Anat (Anatho), Suru, Rahi-ilu, and even Mari. Approximately thirty Akkadian inscriptions of its rulers Šamaš-rēša-uṣur and Ninurta-kudurrī-uṣur were discovered in the region of Haditha in the early 1980s, prior to the construction of the Haditha dam, which flooded the region; many of Suhu's cities are now underwater.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Sumer

Sumer (Akkadian Šumeru; Sumerian Kiengir) is the name of a historical region of southern Mesopotamia, now modern-day southern Iraq. It is home to one of the world’s earliest civilizations and one of the places where writing was first developed. Eridu, Girsu, Lagash, Shuruppak, Umma, Ur, and Uruk are among its most well-known urban centers.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Ṣumūa

An unlocated well presumably in the middle Euphrates region, in or near the kingdom of Suhu.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Sūrānu

A town probably not far from Uruk.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Suribu

An unlocated well presumably in the middle Euphrates region, in or near the kingdom of Suhu.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Suteans

A West Semitic semi-nomadic group attested principally in Babylonia during the first millennium B. C. The Sutû are also attested in cuneiform sources of the second millennium B.C., including several of the Amarna Letters, and these earlier texts provide evidence for the Suteans living in the Levant and Syria, west of the Euphrates River.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Tell Hassuna

Tell Hassuna is a settlement of northern Iraq, located in the Nineveh Province approximately 35km south-west of Nineveh. This is the type site for the Hassuna culture of the early sixth millennium B.C.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Tell Uqair

The archaeological site of Tell Uqair, ancient name unknown, is noted for its Uruk period architecture. This includes a small tripartite temple that stands on an irregular platform.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Tell Wilaya

Tell Wilaya is a small site that was occupied from the Jemdet Nasr Period to the Old Babylonian Period. Its ancient name is not known, but it may have been Keš.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Temple District of Me-Turnat

This temple district may have called Sirara. The temple of the god Nergal (Ešahula) was located there.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Tom Elliott

Temple of Amenhotep II

Amenhotep II built a temple at Giza that he dedicated to the god Horemakhet, a sun-god identified with the Great Sphinx. It lies northeast of the Sphinx itself.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:

Trevinano

Trevinano is a human settlement in Italy, located in the Province of Viterbo of northern Lazio. In antiquity the site was settled by Etruscans. In the eleventh century, the powerful Boncompagni-Ludovisi family built a castle there.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Tu'manu

An Aramean tribe living in the middle Euphrates region and in Babylonia, and possibly the same group as the Tu'muna tribe, who are mentioned in Assyrian texts of the 8th and 7th centuries B.C.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Ubassu

A city/town mentioned in Neo-Babylonian royal inscriptions, which state that it was situated between Babylon and Borsippa. It has been tentatively identified as Tell Aswië, a small site north of Borsippa, on the main road to Babylon.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Udada

An unlocated town/city in the kingdom of Suhu with New Year's (Akītu) temple.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Ugal-amaru

According to an inscription of the Neo-Babylonian king Nabonidus, the name of the wall of Cutha was Ugal-amaru, whose ceremonial name means "Great Storm, (which is) a Deluge."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Ukalāya

An unlocated city in the kingdom of Suhu.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Ummān-manda

Akkadian Umman-manda, meaning “barbarian horde (lit. “army/troops of Manda”), is used in cuneiform texts composed during the first and second millennia BC as a stock of ethnographic term and as a word denoting Medes (or Cimmerians).
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Uqaya

This unlocated land/region is presumably near the kingdom of Suhu, in the middle Euphrates region.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Uraš Gate

The Uraš Gate is one of Babylon's eight city gates and it is situated on the southeastern side of the inner city, directly south of the Šuanna quarter. King Nebuchadnezzar II built the gate ca. 575 B.C.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Vejano

Vejano, located in the Province of Viterbo, is located on the Mignone river approximately 60 km northwest of Rome. While the most visible monument on the site today is the fifteenth century castle known as "La Rocca", the site has a long settlement history reaching back to the Bronze Age.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Yabi

An unlocated city/town in the kingdom of Suhu, probably not far from Hurzē (Korsote).
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Yāduru

An unlocated city/town in the kingdom of Suhu that is located in the territory of the city Ukalāya.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:

Zabbān

A city on the Diyālā River, possibly between Kifrī and Qāra.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker

Zaralulu

Evidence for second millennium B.C. copper working were discovered at the site.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

Achaea Phthiotis

Achaea Phthiotis was a historical region of ancient Greece in southeastern Thessaly.
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: R. Talbert, G. Reger, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: reference, summary
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Acropolis of Athens

The acropolis of the ancient city of Athens in Greece.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Tom Elliott
Modifications: name; references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Aefula

Aefula was an ancient settlement of Latium that had disappeared by the time of Pliny the Elder, although the cult of Bona Dea there continued to flourish.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: reference: horace
Actors: Tom Elliott

Aegyptus (Roman imperial province)

The Roman province of Egypt (Aegyptus) was established in 30 BC after the defeat of Marcus Antonius and Cleopatra VII at the Battle of Actium.
Creators: R. Talbert, Brian Z. Lund, Mary E. Downs, M. Joann McDaniel
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Brian Turner, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: adjustments to references; fixed barrington citation; initial revision; remove incorrect details; removed tp reference; type
Actors: Tom Elliott

Agade

Agade was the capital of the Akkadian state, which was the dominant military and political force in southern Mesopotamia ca. 2334-2113 B.C. Agade (also known as Akkad and Akkade) is mentioned in cuneiform texts from the late third millennium B.C. to the Neo-Babylonian period. The exact location is still unknown and debated among scholars, many of whom place it along or east of the Tigris River, between Samarra and Baghdad.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Sarah Bond
Modifications: added references from a previous stub for akkad in drafting mode; edited; initial revision
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott

Ager Romanus

The rural hinterland of the ancient city of Rome.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Agora of Athens

The marketplace of the ancient city of Athens in Greece.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: edited; np reference; references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ain Dara

Ain Dara, located northwest of Aleppo, Syria, is noted for the remains of an Iron Age Syro-Hittite temple.
Creators: T. Sinclair, P.-L. Gatier
Contributors: DARMC, M. Ballance, R. Talbert, R. Warner, Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: darmc 19940; details; edited; http://www.hittitemonuments.com/aindara/; livius.org: ain dara; name; references; remove duplicate reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Akkad

Akkad (Māt-Akkadî) is the name of a historical region of central Mesopotamia (northern Babylonia). During the Sargonic/Akkadian Period (ca. 2334-2113 B.C.), its capital was the city of Agade, which may have been located somewhere near the confluence of the Diyala and Tigris Rivers. In cuneiform texts of the first millennium B.C., the term Māt-Akkadî was used for the name of the region roughly comprising the northern half of Babylonia, now modern-day central Iraq.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: edited; initial revision; summary
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Akkad Survey Area

The first archaeological survey of an area of north Babylonia associated with ancient Akkad. The survey was conducted in the 1950s by Robert Adams and Vaughn Crawford and published as an appendix to Gibson 1972. Its extent and methods were influential in the subsequent development of Mesopotamian archaeology.
Creators: B. Siewert-Mayer, W. Röllig, H. Kopp
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: baseline created; check in of working copy; edited; initial revision
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Albendin

Albendin, in the district of Baena, is located near Córdoba. It once belonged to the kingdom of Alfonso X and is today known as Albendín.
Creators: María Jesús Redondo
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Aletrium

A Hernican hill town that formed part of a sixth century B.C. defensive league against Volscian and Samnite aggression and allied itself to Tarquinius Superbus. Rome eventually took Aletrium in 306 B.C.; by the first century B.C. the site was a Roman municipium.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

al-Madīna

A place from the TAVO Index
Creators: B. Siewert-Mayer, W. Röllig, H. Kopp
Contributors: Sean Gillies, Jamie Novotny, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Al-Sabaa wa Arbain

Al-Sabaa wa Arbain (Saba‘ wa Arba’īn) is a small modern town in northeastern Syria (al-Hasakah Governorate). The settlement sits atop a small mound of ruins (ancient name not known).
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications: edited; initial revision; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Alsietinus lacus

The Alsietinus lacus, modern Lago di Martignano, is a small volcanic crater-lake in southern Etruria. The lake was the source of the Augustan aqueduct aqua Augusta Alsietina that served non-potable water to the Transtiberim and Ianiculum.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: geonames 3173843; initial revision; name; references; title
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Altaqû

A town mentioned in Neo-Assyrian sources, Altaqû is equated with biblical Elteqeh and modern Tel aš-Šallāf.
Creators: Andrea Squitieri
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny, Claudia Horst
Modifications: edited; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory; reference
Actors: Andrea Squitieri, Jeffrey Becker

Alu-eššu

An unlocated city/town in the kingdom of Suhu, probably not far from Baqa, Qaqqar-aradātu, and Ribaniš.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications: edited; fixed typo in details; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott

Amanus (mountain range)

A mountain range located along the Cilician-Syrian border. Today known as the Nur Daǧları.
Creators: T. Sinclair, P.-L. Gatier
Contributors: M. Ballance, R. Talbert, R. Warner, Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott
Modifications: initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Amatu

A nomadic Aramean tribe that invaded the kingdom of Suhu in the late 9th/early 8th century B.C. and were living in Babylonia by the time Tiglath-pileser III became king of Assyria in the mid-8th century B.C..
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Amphitheater of Pompeii

The Amphitheater of Pompeii is the earliest known surviving example of a Roman amphitheater. It was built between 80 and 70 B.C.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:
Modifications: migrated from location
Actors: Tom Elliott

Anagnia

Anagnia was a Hernican town that sided with Rome against the Volscians and later became civitas sine suffragio.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ancient Egypt (region)

The ancient kingdom(s) and region of Egypt as understood by the Egyptians themselves, their neighbors, and their successors. Individual administrative districts, provinces, nomes, and the like have separate place resources in Pleiades.
Creators: J.J. Wilkes, S.T. Parker, R.S. Bagnall, W.V. Harris, A.S. Esmonde-Cleary, C.M. Wells, J.F. Drinkwater, R.C. Knapp, S. Mitchell
Contributors: Brian Z. Lund, R. Talbert, Mary E. Downs, M. Joann McDaniel, Sean Gillies, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added new pauly; akkadian names; batlas reference; flesh out bibliographic references + zotero links; initial revision; reference: ahe ancient egypt; remove incorrect details; title, summary, type; wikipedia
Actors: Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott

Andalucía (region)

The region of Andalucía (Andalusia in English), located in the south of Spain, is the second largest and the most populous region of modern Spain. At one time it belonged to the kingdom of Alfonso X. Much of the modern region is coincident with the extent of ancient Baetica.
Creators: María Jesús Redondo
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Anguillara

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 C4 Anguillara
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Antiochia/Theoupolis

A city founded ca. 300 BC by Seleucus I Nicator, a successor of Alexander the Great. Antioch was a great trading center and numbered as one of the four cities of the Syrian tetrapolis. Justinian I renamed the city 'Theoupolis' in the sixth century AD.
Creators: T. Sinclair, P.-L. Gatier
Contributors: M. Ballance, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp, DARMC, Francis Deblauwe, R. Warner, R. Talbert, B. Siewert-Mayer, Ryan M. Horne, Eric Kansa
Modifications: check in of working copy; darmc 34873
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Aqua Alsietina

The Aqua Alsietina was an aqueduct built by Augustus that drew water from the lacus Alsietinus (Lago di Martignano) and conducted it to Rome.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: flows into
Actors: Tom Elliott

Aquae Apollinares

The Aquae Apollinares were thermal springs located between Careiae and Tarquinii, perhaps to be associated with the Bagni di Stigliano or Bagni di Vicarello.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Ryan M. Horne, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added geonames location; name; references, summary
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Aquae Apollinares Novae

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 C4 Aquae Apollinares Novae
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Ryan M. Horne, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Arabia

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 3 D4 Arabia
Creators: M. Roaf
Contributors: Brian Z. Lund, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, M. Joann McDaniel, Jeffrey Becker, Mary E. Downs, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott
Modifications: initial revision; references, set place type to region
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Aramu

A general designation for Arameans in Akkadian texts.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Arba

An ancient settlement, attested by literary or documentary sources, whose precise location cannot be determined today
Creators: G. Reger, J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: initial revision
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Arch of Hadrian at Athens

The Arch of Hadrian is a monument in the form of a Roman triumphal arch, constructed by the citizens of Athens in AD 131 or 132 to honor the Roman emperor Hadrian.
Creators: Jennifer Garza
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Jake Lipscomb, Adria Hardy, Jeffrey Becker, Jake Lipscomb, Adam Rabinowitz, Jonathan Mak
Modifications: references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Arco di Trevi

An opus quadratum monument with an arched gateway perhaps marking a boundary between the territory of the Equi and the Hernicans.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Aridi

A town in the province of Guzana that is mentioned in Neo-Assyrian sources. Aridi is identified as modern Tell ʿArāda.
Creators: Andrea Squitieri
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott, Claudia Horst
Modifications: ; baseline created; edited; initial revision; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Andrea Squitieri, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott

Armenion

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 55 D2 Armenion
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, G. Reger, R. Talbert
Modifications: references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Arpadda

A town mentioned in Neo-Assyrian sources. It has been identified modern Tell Rifʿat, which is about 25 km north of Aleppo.
Creators: Claudia Horst
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny, Andrea Squitieri
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Claudia Horst

Arpinum

An ancient center that originated as early as the seventh century B.C. that became a civitas sine suffragio in 305 B.C. Arpinum was the birthplace of Caius Marius and Marcus Tullius Cicero.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Arumâ

A town mentioned in Neo-Assyrian sources that has been identified as modern Ḥirbe Ruma (Khirbet ar-Rumah) and Biblical Rumah.
Creators: Claudia Horst
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny, Andrea Squitieri
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ashur/‘Lamban’?/‘Liba(nai)’?

Aššur, modern Qal'at Sherqat, is an Assyrian city on the western bank of the Tigris River. Named after its enigmatic tutelary deity, it was the original capital, ancestral home, and burial place of the Assyrian royal family. From the late third millennium B.C. until 614 B.C., when the city was captured and destroyed by the Medes, Aššur was Assyria's most important religious center. It was also Assyria's principal administrative center until the beginning of the ninth century, when Ashurnasirpal II (883-859) moved the capital to the newly constructed Calah.
Creators: M. Roaf, St J. Simpson
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Ryan M. Horne, Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott
Modifications: edited; initial revision; tm geo id 50663
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Askyris

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 55 C1 Askyris
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, G. Reger, Tom Elliott
Modifications: references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Assyria (kingdom)

Aššur, later Māt Aššur ('the land of the god Aššur'), grew from a small city-state and important trading center to a powerful, wide-spread empire. At is zenith in the seventh century BC, the Assyrian Empire (883-609 BC) dominated much of the Middle East and the Eastern Mediterranean, stretching from the Persian Gulf in the south to the Mediterranean Sea in the west. Assyria's heartland, an area also referred to as Subartu, roughly corresponds to northern Iraq (Nineveh Governorate) and includes the numerous important cities, especially Aššur (Assyria's traditional religious and administrative capital), Kalhu, Dur-Šarrukin, and Nineveh (the capital of the Assyrian Empire).
Creators: M. Roaf
Contributors: Gabriel McKee, Sean Gillies, M. Joann McDaniel, Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott, Brian Z. Lund, R. Talbert, Mary E. Downs
Modifications: baseline created; check in of working copy; initial revision
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Aštamaku

A town mentioned in Neo-Assyrian sources that is identified with modern Tell Mastumah.
Creators: Claudia Horst
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny, Andrea Squitieri
Modifications: edited
Actors: Claudia Horst, Jeffrey Becker

Axaraffe de Seuilla

A region located in the suburbs of Sevilla that belonged to the kingdom of Alfonso X. It is now known as El Aljarafe.
Creators: María Jesús Redondo
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Ryan M. Horne
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Azlāyyānu

An unlocated town in the kingdom of Suhu that is reported to have been near the Euphrates River, on the bank opposite Kār-Apladad (Gleieh).
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Azoros

Azoros was a city belonging to the tripolis of the Perrhaebi.
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, G. Reger, Tom Elliott
Modifications: location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Babil

The small village of Babil (now Kebili) is located about 25 km southwest of Cizre, near the Tigris river, directly on the Turkish-Syrian border. The name of the ancient site whose ruins lay beneath the modern village is not known.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: edited; initial revision; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Babylon

The ancient city of Babylon began as an Akkadian city-state founded by Amorites in 1894 B.C. The city was also the seat of the Neo-Babylonian Empire from 608 to 539 B.C.
Creators: M. Roaf, St J. Simpson
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott, DARMC, R. Talbert, Ryan M. Horne
Modifications: baseline created; check in of working copy; initial revision
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Babylonia

An ancient Akkadian region in Mesopotamia.
Creators: A. Hausleiter, M. Roaf, St J. Simpson, R. Wenke
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, P. Flensted Jensen, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott
Modifications: baseline created; check in of working copy; initial revision
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Baena

A Spanish village located in the southeast of the province of Córdoba that belonged to the kingdom of Alfonso X.
Creators: María Jesús Redondo
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications:
Actors:

Ballatha

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 67 G3 Ballatha
Creators: T. Sinclair, P.-L. Gatier
Contributors: DARMC, M. Ballance, R. Talbert, R. Warner, Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Baqa

An unlocated city/town in the kingdom of Suhu, probably not far from Alu-eššu, Qaqqar-aradātu, and Ribaniš.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Bāṣ

The unlocated Babylonian city is mentioned in cuneiform documents of the second and first millennia B.C. Information provided the texts seem to indicate that Baṣ, whose name might derive from the Akkadian word for sand, might be located somewhere near Sippar, perhaps close to the Euphrates River.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited summary; initial revision
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Basilica

Creators: Tom Elliott
Contributors: Katelin McCullough
Modifications: migrated from location
Actors: Tom Elliott

Basilica

An important civic building in Pompeii and an early example of the building type, built between ca. 120 and 78 B.C. (VIII, 1, 1).
Creators: Ryan M. Horne, Tom Elliott
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: migrated from location
Actors: Tom Elliott

Bavian/Khinnis

Just a few kilometers upstream of the city, the 7th-century B.C. Assyrian king Sennacherib had an architectural complex built and several stele-like panels (with accompanying inscriptions) carved into a nearby cliff face. The site may have served as a summer residence for the Assyrian king and may have been used as a headquarters to supervise the construction of a vast network of canals and aqueducts that was created specifically for providing water to Nineveh and the Assyrian heartland. The "Khinnis Reliefs" were included on the 2014 World Monuments Watch to increase awareness of cultural heritage in the Khinnis/Bavian area.
Creators: M. Roaf, T. Sinclair, S.E. Kroll, St J. Simpson
Contributors: R. Talbert, Jeffrey Becker, W. Röllig, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp, DARMC, Sean Gillies, B. Siewert-Mayer, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: baseline created; check in of working copy; darmc 22913; edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Bir el 'Abd

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 69 A5 Bir el 'Abd
Creators: E.M. Meyers, J.P. Brown
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: initial revision
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Bīt-Adad-erība

A town mentioned in Neo-Assyrian sources that is identified with the modern site of Tell Baqqaq, a ruined settlement mound located ca. 10 km south of Gir-e pan that is now under water.
Creators: Claudia Horst
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny, Andrea Squitieri
Modifications: edited
Actors: Claudia Horst, Jeffrey Becker

Bīt-Karziabku

Bīt-Karziabku was originally the name of a Kassite clan, which was named after its eponymous tribal ancestor Karziabku; the Akkadian name means "House of Karziabku." By the reign of the Middle Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar I (1125-1104 B.C.), Bīt-Karziabku had become district/region with several towns. It is presently unlocated, but may have been situated in or near the province of Namar, which some scholars suggest may have been in the Hamrin basin.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference to zotero; edited; initial revision
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Bodhgaya

A town in India traditionally identified as the place in which Gautama Buddha attained enlightenment. One of the four main Buddhist pilgrimage sites, it is home to the Mahabodhi Temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Creators: Gabriel McKee
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Britannia (province)

A province of the Roman Empire at the Death of Trajan (117 CE).
Creators: J.J. Wilkes, S.T. Parker, R.S. Bagnall, W.V. Harris, A.S. Esmonde-Cleary, C.M. Wells, J.F. Drinkwater, R.C. Knapp, S. Mitchell
Contributors: Brian Z. Lund, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, M. Joann McDaniel, Jeffrey Becker, Mary E. Downs, Tom Elliott
Modifications: description
Actors: Tom Elliott

Bukrê

An unlocated well presumably in the middle Euphrates region, in or near the kingdom of Suhu.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Bur-mar'ina

A town mentioned in Neo-Assyrian sources that is identified with brmrn in Aramaic texts and the modern Tell Shuyukh Fawqani.
Creators: Claudia Horst
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny, Andrea Squitieri
Modifications: edited; initial revision; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Claudia Horst, Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Burnum

From ca. 6 B.C. Burnum was the site of a Roman legionary camp (Legio XI; Legio XI Claudia Pia Fidelis - Legio IIII Flavia Felix and Legio VIII Augusta), as well as an auxiliary camp. By the Hadrianic period it had become the civil settlement of Municipium Burnistarum.
Creators: M. Šašel Kos, P. Kos
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Nathalie Prévôt, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: check in of working copy with minor edits
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Cambodunum (Raetia)

Cambodunum was a Celtic settlement of Raetia. A Roman presence began under Tiberius (first century AD) when a Roman garrison was stationed at the site.
Creators: H. Bender
Contributors: DARMC, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, G. Moosbauer, M. Puhane, R. Talbert
Modifications: tm geo and geonames added
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Cambunii

The modern Pieria mountains in northern Greece.
Creators: E.N. Borza
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory; reference; title, summary
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Case Romane del Celio

An archaeological area beneath the basilica of the martyrs John and Paul that has been explored by means of excavation, revealing a series of Imperial period domestic remains dating between the second and fourth centuries A.D.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: initial revision
Actors: Tom Elliott

Chaldaea

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 93 unlocated Chaldaea
Creators: A. Hausleiter, M. Roaf, St J. Simpson, R. Wenke
Contributors: P. Flensted Jensen, Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, R. Talbert, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott
Modifications: initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Chelydorea (mountain)

An ancient peak in Arcadia (Greece) whose precise location is not known today. Pausanias names it and associates it with Kyllene.
Creators: G. Reger, J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: initial revision; title, summary
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Cosa

A Latin colony in south Etruria founded ca. 273 B.C.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Elizabeth Fentress, Tom Elliott
Modifications: darmc 7038; edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Creta et Cyrene (Roman province)

A province of the Roman Empire at the death of Trajan (117 CE).
Creators: J.J. Wilkes, S.T. Parker, R.S. Bagnall, W.V. Harris, A.S. Esmonde-Cleary, C.M. Wells, J.F. Drinkwater, R.C. Knapp, S. Mitchell
Contributors: Brian Z. Lund, R. Talbert, Mary E. Downs, M. Joann McDaniel, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: title, description
Actors: Tom Elliott

Crustumerium

An ancient town of Latium located at the headwaters of the Allia river, very close to the territory of the Sabines, Crustumerium figures in Rome's early history. The Romans conquered the site in 500 B.C. and formed the tribus Crustumina or Clustumina in 471 B.C.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added darmc reference after retracting location; edited; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory; references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Curiae Veteres

The earliest sanctuary of the curiae at Rome, located at the northeastern corner of the Palatine Hill. Tacitus identifies the structure as one point of the Palatine pomerium.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications:
Actors:

Cutha

Kutha or Cutha (modern Tell Ibrahim) is located on the Upper Euphrates, north of Nippur and northeast of Babylon. The archaeological site consists of two tells. Archaeological evidence of the Neo-Babylonian period has been revealed by excavation.
Creators: M. Roaf, St J. Simpson
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott
Modifications: darmc 22489; edited; initial revision; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory; summary, references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Dabigu

An unwalled city mentioned in Neo-Assyrian sources that is identified with Tell Dābiq.
Creators: Claudia Horst
Contributors: Jamie Novotny, Andrea Squitieri
Modifications: edited; initial revision; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Claudia Horst, Jamie Novotny

Dacia Inferior (province)

A province of the Roman Empire, created under the emperor Hadrian.
Creators: J.J. Wilkes, S.T. Parker, R.S. Bagnall, W.V. Harris, A.S. Esmonde-Cleary, C.M. Wells, J.F. Drinkwater, R.C. Knapp, S. Mitchell
Contributors: Brian Z. Lund, R. Talbert, Mary E. Downs, M. Joann McDaniel, Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: title, description
Actors: Tom Elliott

Dacia Porolissensis (province)

Sometime after AD 124, Dacia Superior was sub-divided into two provinces: Dacia Apulensis and Dacia Porolissensis.
Creators: J.J. Wilkes, S.T. Parker, R.S. Bagnall, W.V. Harris, A.S. Esmonde-Cleary, C.M. Wells, J.F. Drinkwater, R.C. Knapp, S. Mitchell
Contributors: Brian Z. Lund, R. Talbert, Mary E. Downs, M. Joann McDaniel, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: description
Actors: Tom Elliott

Dacia (province)

A province of the Roman Empire at the death of Trajan (117 CE).
Creators: J.J. Wilkes, S.T. Parker, R.S. Bagnall, W.V. Harris, A.S. Esmonde-Cleary, C.M. Wells, J.F. Drinkwater, R.C. Knapp, S. Mitchell
Contributors: Brian Z. Lund, Sean Gillies, M. Joann McDaniel, R. Talbert, Mary E. Downs, Tom Elliott
Modifications: title, description
Actors: Tom Elliott

Dacia Superior (province)

A province of the Roman Empire created under the emperor Hadrian.
Creators: J.J. Wilkes, S.T. Parker, R.S. Bagnall, W.V. Harris, A.S. Esmonde-Cleary, C.M. Wells, J.F. Drinkwater, R.C. Knapp, S. Mitchell
Contributors: Brian Z. Lund, R. Talbert, Mary E. Downs, M. Joann McDaniel, Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: title, description
Actors: Tom Elliott

Dalmatia (province)

A province of the Roman Empire at the death of Trajan (117 CE).
Creators: J.J. Wilkes, S.T. Parker, R.S. Bagnall, W.V. Harris, A.S. Esmonde-Cleary, C.M. Wells, J.F. Drinkwater, R.C. Knapp, S. Mitchell
Contributors: Brian Z. Lund, Sean Gillies, M. Joann McDaniel, R. Talbert, Mary E. Downs, Tom Elliott
Modifications: title, description
Actors: Tom Elliott

Dāna

A town mentioned in Neo-Assyrian sources; the modern site is ad-Dāna.
Creators: Claudia Horst
Contributors: Jamie Novotny
Modifications: edited; initial revision; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Claudia Horst, Jamie Novotny

Dawali

Dawali is a site in the middle Euphrates region and was part of the kingdom of Suhu. The city was situated on the east bank of the Euphrates, a few kilometres downstream of Anat (Anatho). The modern city of the same name (Ad Dawālī) is on the west bank of the river. The city's ancient name is not known.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: edited; fixed typo in summary; initial revision; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott

Dilmun (region)

An ancient region near the Persian Gulf that likely encompassed Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, and the eastern portion of Saudi Arabia.
Creators: A. Hausleiter, M. Roaf, St J. Simpson, R. Wenke
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, P. Flensted Jensen, Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott
Modifications: initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Dion/Orchomenos

An ancient settlement, attested by literary or documentary sources, whose precise location cannot be determined today
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: R. Talbert, G. Reger, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: cnxn
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Dipylon Gate

The Dipylon Gate was the sole double gate in Athens, erected next to the Holy Gate, near the Kerameikos.
Creators: Tyler Blackburn, Jonathan Tallmer, Rachel Holcomb, Davis Emery
Contributors: Rachel Holcomb, Jeffrey Becker, Davis Emery, Brady Kiesling, Tom Elliott
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Dohuk

Dohuk is the capital of Dohuk Governorate in Iraqi Kurdistan. The modern city is located around the ancient site; the University of Dohuk campus is situated on top of the ruins of the ancient city (name not known).
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Doliche

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 50 B4 Doliche
Creators: E.N. Borza
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Doric temple of Segesta

The Doric temple of Segesta is an incomplete (6 x 14) temple of the Doric order begun in the 420s B.C.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:
Modifications: migrated from location
Actors: Tom Elliott

Dur-Aššur-ketti-lešir

A town mentioned in Neo-Assyrian sources that is identified with modern Tell Bderi.
Creators: Claudia Horst
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny
Modifications: edited
Actors: Claudia Horst, Jeffrey Becker

Dur-Bel-Harran-belu-uṣur

A city founded by the Assyrian palace herald Bēl-Harrān-bēlu-uṣur in the mid-8th century B.C. The discovery of a stele there identifies ancient Dūr-Bēl-Harrān-bēlu-uṣur with modern Tell ʿAbṭa (Tell Abtah).
Creators: Claudia Horst
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Claudia Horst

Dūr-Ninurta-kudurrī-uṣur

This unlocated, fortified settlement was founded and built by Ninurta-kudurrī-uṣur of Suhu, which he named after himself: Dūr-Ninurta-kudurrī-uṣur (“Fort Ninurta-kudurrī-uṣur”). The city is presumably located in the kingdom of Suhu.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Dūr-Šamaš-rēša-uṣur

This unlocated, fortified settlement was founded and built by Šamaš-rēša-uṣur of Suhu, which he named after himself: Dūr-Šamaš-rēša-uṣur (“Fort Šamaš-rēša-uṣur”). The city is presumably located in the kingdom of Suhu.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Dur-Sharrukku/Sippar-Aruru

Dur-Sharrukku is an unlocated city in northern Babylonia that also goes by the name Sippar-Aruru (starting in the 7th century B.C.). In the 8th century B.C., Dur-Sharrukku served as an Assyrian provincial center.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added to details field; edited; initial revision
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Dūru

A town mentioned in Neo-Assyrian sources that is identified with modern Anaz Höyük.
Creators: Claudia Horst
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny
Modifications: edited; initial revision; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Claudia Horst, Jeffrey Becker

Eadgigi

The shrine/seat of the god Nusku in the Egipar temple at Ur. The Sumerian ceremonial name Eadgigi means "House of the Counsellor."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Eamaškuga

The temple of the goddess Ningal at Kissik. The Sumerian ceremonial name Eamaškuga means "House, Pure Sheepfold."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Eanna

The temple of the god Anu and the goddess Ištar at Uruk. The Sumerian ceremonial name Eanna means "House of Heaven."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Jamie Novotny

É.AŠ.AN.AMAR

The shrine/seat of the god Enlil in the Egipar temple at Ur. The exact meaning and reading of the Sumerian ceremonial name are uncertain.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Ebabbar

The temple of the god Šamaš at Larsa. The Sumerian ceremonial name Ebabbar means "Shining House."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Ebabbar

The temple of the god Šamaš at Sippar. The Sumerian ceremonial name Ebabbar means "Shining House."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: initial revision; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Edimgalkalama

The temple of the god Ištarān/Anu-rabû at Der. The Sumerian ceremonial name Edimgalkalama means "House, Great Bond of the Land."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added dubovský 2015 reference; initial revision
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Eduranna

The ziggurat of the god Šamaš at Larsa. The Sumerian ceremonial name Eduranna means "House, Bond of Heaven."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Edurgina

The temple of the god Bēl-Ṣarbi at Bāṣ. The Sumerian ceremonial name Edurgina means "House, Established Abode."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Eešerke

The sanctuary of the god Marduk at Sippar-Arūru. The name may be a variant or corruption of the Sumerian ceremonial name Ešeriga ("House which Gleans Barley"); alternatively, it may be part of that temple.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited; edited details; initial revision
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

E(...)gakuga

The shrine/seat of the god Ennugi in the Egipar temple at Ur. The name is damaged and the complete Sumerian ceremonial name of the structure is not known.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited; edited title to conform to editorial standards for fragmentary names; initial revision
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Egipar

The Giparu-House at Ur was the temple of the high-priestess of the moon-god.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited; initial revision; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory; reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Ehulhul

The temple of the god Sîn at Harran. The Sumerian ceremonial name Ehulhul means "House which Gives Joy."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Eigikalamma

The temple of the god Lugal-Marda at Marad. The Sumerian ceremonial name Eigikalamma means "House, Eye of the Land."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

*Ekarra

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 55 C2 *Ekarra
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, G. Reger, Tom Elliott
Modifications: edited; initial revision; reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ekarzagina

The temple of the god Ea within the Esagil(a) complex at Babylon. The Sumerian ceremonial name Ekarzagina means "Pure Quay"or "Quay of Lapis Lazuli."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Ekinu

The temple of the goddess Aya at Sippar. The Sumerian ceremonial name Ekinu means "House, Bed-Chamber."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Ekišnugal

The temple of the moon god Nanna/Suen/Sîn at Ur from the third to first millennium B.C. Over the course of its long history, it was rebuilt (and expanded) numerous times. A few of its more famous builders were Narām-Sîn of Agade, Ur-Nammu of Ur, and Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited; initial revision; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Ekklesiasterion

The Ekklesiasterion of Morgantina is located in the center of the ancient city. While its form resembles that of the Greek theater, it is posited that it functioned as a public building akin to the Roman comitium. It likely dates to the later fourth century B.C.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:
Modifications: migrated from location
Actors: Tom Elliott

Ekunankuga

The ziggurat of the god Šamaš at Sippar. The Sumerian ceremonial name Ekunankuga means "House, Pure Stairway of Heaven."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited; initial revision; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory; reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Ekurnizu

The sanctuary of the goddess Ninlil at Ḫursagkalama (Tell Ingharra). The Sumerian ceremonial name Ekurnizu means "House, Fearsome Mountain."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Ekurra

The temple of the god Bunene at Sippar. The Sumerian ceremonial name Ekurra means "House of the Mountains."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Elam

An ancient Pre-Iranian civilization located in the west and southwest of modern-day Iran.
Creators: A. Hausleiter, M. Roaf, St J. Simpson, R. Wenke
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, P. Flensted Jensen, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott
Modifications: check in of working copy; initial revision; new pauly, elam
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Elymais/Susiana

Susiana, derived from the city of Susa, is the Classical appellation for Elam.
Creators: A. Hausleiter, M. Roaf, St J. Simpson, R. Wenke
Contributors: P. Flensted Jensen, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Emašdari

The temple of the goddess Ištar of Agade at Babylon. The Sumerian ceremonial name Emašdari means "House of Animal Offerings." The Neo-Babylonian king Nabonidus rebuilt/renovated it.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited; initial revision; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Emeslam

The temple of the god Nergal at Cutha. The Sumerian ceremonial name Emeslam means "House, Warrior of the Netherworld."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Enamhe

The temple of the gods Adad and Apla-Adad at Anat (Anatho). The Sumerian ceremonial name Enamhe means "House of Plenty."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Enirgalana

The cella/shrine of the goddess Ištar in the Eanna temple at Uruk. The Sumerian ceremonial name Enirgalana means "House of the Prince of Heaven."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications: addition to details concerning location; baseline created; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott

Enunmah

The ḫilṣu-building of the goddess Ningal inside the Egišnugal temple at Ur. The Sumerian ceremonial name Enunmah means "House of the Exalted Prince."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Erechtheion

The Erechtheion is a temple on the north side of the Athenian Acropolis dedicated to Athena Polias and other deities and heroes; the temple is of the Ionic order with several distinctive features, including its famous caryatid porch.
Creators: April Kissinger, Eric Shea, Chelsea Lee, Sterling Wright
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Adam Rabinowitz, Tom Elliott
Modifications: cnxn; references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Eretum

Eretum was a settlement of the Sabines and is involved in legendary accounts of early Rome.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, John Muccigrosso, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: ogilvie 1965
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Eridu

Eridu was an ancient city of Sumeria and perhaps one of the first true cities. The site is settled from ca. 5300 B.C. onward. Eridu was located approximately Located 12 km southwest of Ur and was the southernmost of a conglomeration of Sumerian cities that grew up around temple complexes.
Creators: A. Hausleiter, M. Roaf, St J. Simpson, R. Wenke
Contributors: Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp, DARMC, R. Talbert, P. Flensted Jensen, B. Siewert-Mayer, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: added uwhs; geonames 96834
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Esagila

The temple of the god Marduk at Babylon. The Sumerian ceremonial name Esagil(a) means "House, Whose Top is High."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Ešahula

The temple of the god Nergal at Me-Turnat. The Sumerian ceremonial name Ešahula means "House of the Happy Heart."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Esiskur

The New Year's (Akītu) temple of the god Marduk outside Babylon. The Sumerian ceremonial name Esiskur means "House of the Sacrifice."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Ešuzianna

The temple of the goddess Anat at Anat (Anatho). The Sumerian ceremonial name Ešuzianna means "House, True Hand of Heaven."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Eulmaš

The temple of the goddess Ištar at Agade.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Eulmaš

The temple of the goddess Anunnītu at Sippar-Anunnītu (=Sippar-Amnanum).
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Euphrates (river)

The longest river of Western Asia, the Euphrates flows from the Kara Su and the Murat Su to the confluence with the Tigris river.
Creators: A. Hausleiter, M. Roaf, St J. Simpson, R. Wenke
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, P. Flensted Jensen, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, W. Röllig, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp, R. Talbert, B. Siewert-Mayer, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: baseline created; initial revision; tm geo id 11934
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Eurmeiminanki

The ziggurat of the god the god Nabû at Borsippa. The Sumerian ceremonial name Eurmeiminanki means "House which Gathers the Seven (Me's) of Heaven and Underworld."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited; initial revision; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory; references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Eurymenai

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 55 D1 Eurymenai
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, G. Reger, Tom Elliott
Modifications: references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ezida

The temple of the god Marduk as Tutu, later of the god Nabû, at Borsippa. The Sumerian ceremonial name Ezida means "True House."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited; initial revision; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory; reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Falisci

The name for a group of Italic people who occupied the Ager Faliscus within Etruria.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Feride Gül Tarla (FGT) excavation sector

The Feride Gül Tarla (FGT) excavation sector at Klazomenai.
Creators: Peter Cobb, Tom Elliott
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: migrated from location
Actors: Tom Elliott

Forum Clodii

An ancient road station on the Via Clodia.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: references; tm geo id 32078
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Fregellae

Fregellae was a city of Latium Adjectum that became a Roman colony in 328 B.C., but was subsequently captured by the Samnites; a Roman presence was re-established in 313 B.C. Loyal to Rome during the Second Punic War, Fregellae revolted in 125 B.C. and the site was razed.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Gainounia

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 9 unlocated ‘Gainounia’
Creators: A.S. Esmonde Cleary
Contributors: R. Warner, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: initial revision
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Gal'adi

A town mentioned in Neo-Assyrian sources; the modern site is Khirbet Ǧalʿad.
Creators: Claudia Horst
Contributors: Jamie Novotny
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Claudia Horst

Gallabu

An unlocated well presumably in the middle Euphrates region, in or near the kingdom of Suhu.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Gedru

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 69 B4 Gedru
Creators: E.M. Meyers, J.P. Brown
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: baseline created; pleiadesrefbot cleaned up 2 references: batlas, tir iudaea
Actors: Tom Elliott

Genaunes

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 19 C2 Genaunes
Creators: H. Bender
Contributors: G. Moosbauer, R. Talbert, M. Puhane, Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Gingiliniš

A town mentioned in an Akkadian inscription of the Neo-Assyrian king Sennacherib. This place is generally identified with the modern Tepe Chenchi.
Creators: Claudia Horst
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Claudia Horst, Jeffrey Becker

Glaphyrai

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 55 D2 Glaphyrai
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, G. Reger, Tom Elliott
Modifications: edited; reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Gleieh

Gleieh (also Gleiʾeh, Glaiʿā) is small site in the middle Euphrates region and was part of the kingdom of Suhu. The city, which is probably to be identified with ancient Kār-Apladad, was situated on the south bank of the Euphrates, opposite Sur Jureh (which lies on the northern bank). Like many towns and cities of the ancient kingdom of Suhu, Gleieh/Kār-Apladad is now underwater; the area was flooded after the construction of the Haditha dam.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Gonnoi

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 55 C1 Gonnoi
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, G. Reger, R. Talbert
Modifications: references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Gortyn(a)

The Roman capital of Creta et Cyrenaica province, then Creta, and later seat of the Archbishop of Crete, Gortyna was a thriving community from the Geometric period to the Middle Byzantine period. The first traces of urban settlement date from the Archaic period. The ancient Greek law code known as the "Gortyn Code" was discovered there in 1884.
Creators: J. Bennet, G. Reger
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Stefano Costa, Tom Elliott
Modifications: switched target from withdrawn duplicate to preferred resource
Actors: Tom Elliott

Greek Theater

Remains of a mud-brick theater with building inscription in Greek were excavated at Babylon. The structure was substantively rebuilt in modern times.
Creators: Tom Elliott
Contributors:
Modifications: description; description, title; edited; initial revision; migrated from location
Actors: Tom Elliott

Greek theater of Morgantina

The Greek theater of Morgantina was built during the third century B.C.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:
Modifications: migrated from location
Actors: Tom Elliott

Greek theater of Segesta

Remains of a Greek theater at Segesta that was first built in the first half of the third century B.C.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:
Modifications: location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory; migrated from location; references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Greek theater of Taormina

The Greek theater of Taormina was built originally in the third century B.C.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:
Modifications: migrated from location
Actors: Tom Elliott

Greek theater of Tyndaris

The Greek theater of Tyndaris dates originally to the fourth century B.C.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:
Modifications: migrated from location
Actors: Tom Elliott

Grotte di S. Nicola

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 D4 Grotte di S. Nicola
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Gutium

Gutium is a designation appearing in cuneiform texts of the third, second, and first millennia B.C. for the land of the Gutians (Akkadian Gutî or Qutî), a people responsible for bringing an end to the Akkadian empire. In first millennium B.C. sources, the name is used as an archaic designation for the region northeast of Babylonia, near and in the Zagros Mountains.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited; initial revision; references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Habha

An unlocated, mountainous region northwest of Assyria, possibly in the Taurus mountains.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Hadrianic Baths

Creators: Tom Elliott
Contributors: Katelin McCullough, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: migrated from location
Actors: Tom Elliott

Ḫafāǧa

A Sumerian city located on the Diyala River known for its Early Dynastic temples.
Creators: B. Siewert-Mayer, W. Röllig, H. Kopp
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: ; baseline created
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Halatu

An unlocated well in the middle Euphrates region, near the city Ḫindānu.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

HaMa'apil

HaMa'apil is a kibbutz in central Israel, near Ahituv, that sits atop a small mound of ruins, the ancient name of which remains unknown).
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited; initial revision; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Hanzanūa

The name of a nomadic Aramean tribal group that was in the middle Euphrates region during the early part of the first millennium B.C.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Haṭallu

The name of a nomadic Aramean tribal group that was active in the middle Euphrates region during the early part of the first millennium B.C. and in Babylonia in the middle of the eighth century B.C.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Hatti (region)

In Assyrian and Babylonian texts of the first millennium BC, Hatti is a purely geographical term referring to North Syria, the area roughly covered by Syro-Hittite states west of the Euphrates River.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited; initial revision; references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Haurina

A town mentioned in Neo-Assyrian sources; the modern site is Ḥawārīn.
Creators: Claudia Horst
Contributors: Jamie Novotny
Modifications: edited; initial revision; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Claudia Horst

Hazī

A town presumably located in or near the kingdom of Suhu, in the middle Euphrates region.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Hephaistia

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 56 A2 Hephaistia
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger, S. Mitchell
Contributors: DARMC, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: cnxn; references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Herculis Petra

An islet in the Gulf of Naples.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Homolion

Homolion or Homolium was a polis of ancient Magnesia located in ancient Thessaly. Homolion was situated at the foot of Mount Homole near the edge of the vale of Tempe.
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, G. Reger, Tom Elliott
Modifications: references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Horti Lucull(i)ani

An elite villa and garden on the Pincian Hill in Rome laid out originally by Lucius Licinius Lucullus ca. 60 BC. The present day Villa Borghese gardens still cover a portion of the Gardens of Lucullus.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Gabriel McKee, Tom Elliott
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Humē

A country mentioned in Neo- and Late-Babylonian texts that roughly corresponds to Que (kingdom and province) and Cilicia Pedias ("Flat Cilicia").
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Huzirina

The ancient Huzirina, modern Sultantepe, is a Late Neo-Assyrian archeological site, now in Şanlıurfa Province, Turkey.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory; summary, references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ilium/Troia

An ancient city of northwest Anatolia with occupation ranging from the Bronze Age to the Roman period. Troy features as the central setting of Homer's Iliad.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger, S. Mitchell
Contributors: DARMC, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Stefano Costa, Tom Elliott, Pierre Motylewicz, R. Talbert
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Imgur-Enlil

An unlocated town in the middle Euphrates region, presumably in or near the kingdom of Suhu.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Imgur-Enlil

The great, inner wall of Babylon was called by the ceremonial Akkadian name Imgur-Enlil, which means "The God Enlil Showed Favor." According to the text Tintir = Babylon, Imgur-Enlil had eight city gates, four on the eastern side of the Euphrates and four on the western side of the river. The Assyrian kings Esarhaddon and Ashurbanipal and the Babylonian kings Nabopolassar, Nebuchadnezzar II, and Nebonidus all undertook construction on Babylon’s great wall. Imgur-Enlil is one of the seven wonders of the ancient according to some classical sources.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited; initial revision; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Indigetes

A pre-Roman, Iberian people known primarily through their coinage, which bears the inscription "UNTIKESKEN" (q.v.). They seem to have occupied an area in the northeast of the Iberian peninsula, included the coastal area between the Muga and Fluvià rivers.
Creators: H.S. Sivan, S.J. Keay, R.W. Mathisen
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added wikipedia reference; description and connections; initial revision
Actors: Tom Elliott

Iponuba/Hippo Nova

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 27 A4 Iponuba/Hippo Nova
Creators: P.O. Spann
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Scott Vanderbilt, R. Warner, Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: initial revision
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ircavium

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 19 unlocated Ircavium
Creators: H. Bender
Contributors: G. Moosbauer, R. Talbert, M. Puhane, Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: tm geo id 43591
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ištar Gate

The Ištar Gate is the most famous of Babylon's eight city gates and is situated on the northeastern side of the inner city, directly north of the Kadingirra quarter. King Nebuchadnezzar II built the gate ca. 575 B.C.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: baseline created; edited; initial revision; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory; reference; references cleanup
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Judeideh

Judeideh (also Jedīdē, Judaide) is a site in the middle Euphrates region in what was part of the ancient kingdom of Suhu. The city was situated on the east bank of the Euphrates, about ten kilometers downstream of Anat (Anatho). Like many towns and cities of the ancient kingdom of Suhu, Judeideh is now underwater; the area was flooded after the construction of the Haditha dam. Its ancient name is not known.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Kabeireion

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 56 A2 Kabeireion
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger, S. Mitchell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert
Modifications: cnxn
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kaminia

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 56 A2 Kaminia
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger, S. Mitchell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: cnxn
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kar-Nabû

An unlocated city in the kingdom of Suhu.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Karnaia/Astaroth?

An ancient site located south of Damascus, Syria, that is mentioned in the Amarna letters (ca. 1350 B.C.). The site is often associated with the Biblical 'Ashteroth Karnaim'.
Creators: E.M. Meyers, J.P. Brown
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added wikipedia ref for tell ashtara, summary; initial revision
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Kassites

Tribal people living in southwestern Asia, attested principally in Babylonia and western Iran during the second and first millennia B. C. The original homeland of the Kassites has yet to be identified, but it may have been located in the Zagros Mountains.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added reference; edited; initial revision; moved part of summary text to details
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Kenk Boğazı

The site of an Assyrian relief of Shalmaneser III, which is located 10 km away from the Karasu relief.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Khufu's ship

The sealed burial pit adjacent to the Great Pyramid contained a remarkably well preserved Old Kingdom ship that has been interpreted as the solar barge of the pharaoh Khufu.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:
Modifications: fixed typo in summary; migrated from location; name; references; summary
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Kimmeris/Kimmerikon/Kimmerike/Cimmerium/Kerberias/Cerberion

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 87 unlocated Kimmeris/Kimmerikon/Kimmerike/Cimmerium/Kerberias/Cerberion
Creators: David Braund
Contributors: R. Talbert, Diane Braund, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kish

Kish was an ancient city of Sumer located east of Babylon in Mesopotamia. Kish was occupied from the Jemdet Nasr period (ca. 3100 BC) until its abandonment under the Seleucids.
Creators: M. Roaf, St J. Simpson
Contributors: R. Talbert, Jeffrey Becker, W. Röllig, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp, DARMC, Sean Gillies, B. Siewert-Mayer, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Klazomenai (earlier)

The initial, mainland site of the city, located to the southwest of modern Urla Iskelesi in Turkey. Pausanias reports that the city relocated to an island in the Bay of Smyrna, for which see "Klazomenai (later)."
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger, S. Mitchell
Contributors: DARMC, Peter Cobb, R. Talbert, Johan Åhlfeldt, Ryan M. Horne, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: ; initial revision; title, description
Actors: Tom Elliott

Klazomenai (later)

A town in Lydia that, according to Pausanias, moved from an initial, mainland site thought by scholars to have been southwest of modern Urla Iskelesi to an island in the Bay of Smyrna (modern Klazümen). This place resource represents the later city; see also "Klazomenai (earlier)."
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger, S. Mitchell
Contributors: Peter Cobb, R. Talbert, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Rob Chavez, Ryan M. Horne
Modifications: title, description
Actors: Tom Elliott

Kokkinos

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 56 A2 Kokkinos
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger, S. Mitchell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: cnxn
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kondylos

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 55 C1 Kondylos
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, G. Reger, Tom Elliott
Modifications: edited; references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Koroneia

An ancient settlement, attested by literary or documentary sources, whose precise location cannot be determined today
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: R. Talbert, G. Reger, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: cnxn
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Korsote

Xenophon describes Korsote as a large city located in the desert to the south of the confluence of the Chaboras (Habur) and the Euphrates rivers. It is now unlocated.
Creators: M. Roaf, St J. Simpson
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: cnxn; initial revision; summary, references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Kothon

The Kothon harbor is an artificial port basin of the Punic phase of the island, dating to the sixth century B.C.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:
Modifications: migrated from location
Actors: Tom Elliott

Koukonesi

Koukonesi (or Koukonisi) is a small, coastal island in the Moudros harbour of Lemnos where important archaeological evidence for Bronze Age commerce has been discovered.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: cnxn; edited; reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kozani

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 50 A4 Kozani
Creators: E.N. Borza
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: initial revision
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Kunulua/Tell Tayinat

Tell Tayinat (ancient Kunulua) is a large site (comprising both a sizeable citadel and a sprawling lower town) located at the northern bend of the Orontes River, ca. 30 km southeast of Antakya (ancient Antioch). Strategically located, this fortified city served as a royal capital for various historically-attested Bronze and Iron Age kingdoms (ca. 3200-600 B.C.). In 738 B.C., the Assyrian king Tiglath-pileser III conquered Kunulua (alternately called Kinalua), then the royal city of Syro-Hittite kingdom of Patina, annexed it, and transformed it into an important provincial administrative center. Textual evidence found at the site (e.g., a large tablet inscribed with a copy of Esarhaddon’s Succession Treaty) leaves little doubt that Kunulua should be identified as Tell Tayinat.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Elizabeth Robinson, Clifflena Tiah, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added new references to zotero; edited; initial revision; merged references from doublet; merging creators and contributors
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott

Kyllene (mountain)

A mountain in Arcadia (Greece), still known as Kyllene today.
Creators: G. Reger, J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Tom Elliott
Modifications: title, summary
Actors: Tom Elliott

Lapis Niger

A shrine in the Forum Romanum adjacent to the Republican comitium, recognizable by the distinctive black paving stones that covered it in the later republican period. The shrine has been associated, in tradition, with the tomb of Romulus and/or of Faustulus. Giacomo Boni excavated the site between 1899 and 1905.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Brady Kiesling
Modifications: edited; reference; references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Laqê

A land situated on the middle Euphrates, to north and west of the kingdom of Suhu and to the south of the land Bit-Halupê. Eleven of its cities are mentioned in Assyrian inscriptions of the first millennium B.C.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Larak

A city located near the Tigris River, possibly east or northeast of Nippur.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Clifflena Tiah
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Large Theater

The so-called "Large Theater" at Pompeii was built in the Greek style during the second century B.C. Its capacity was approximately 5,000 spectators.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:
Modifications: migrated from location
Actors: Tom Elliott

Larinum

A settlement of Apulia that originated with the Samnites and Frentani and later came under Roman influence. During the Second Punic War, the Romans defeated Hannibal at Larinum. The settlement eventually gained Roman municipal status.
Creators: I.E.M. Edlund Berry, A.M. Small
Contributors: DARMC, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: ptolemy -> evidence; updated and disambiguated robinson entries; updated url for robinson dissertation
Actors: Tom Elliott

Latium (region)

The territory of the Latins.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: amoroso 2012; edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Leuktron

According to Strabo, Leuktron was a deme of Rhypes.
Creators: G. Reger, J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: initial revision; summary
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Libanus M.

A mountain range of northern Syria that is between the Mediterranean coastline and the Antilibanos mountains of the interior.
Creators: E.M. Meyers, J.P. Brown
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: baseline created; initial revision; summary
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Lobera

A Spanish village located in the northwest of the province of Jaén, between Jaén and Córdoba, that belonged to the kingdom of Alfonso X. It is now known as Lopera.
Creators: María Jesús Redondo
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Elizabeth Robinson
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Lucurgentum

An ancient city in Hispania Baetica.
Creators: Jr., F.H. Stanley, R.C. Knapp
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, R. Warner, Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, María Jesús Redondo
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Luhuāyu

The name of a nomadic Aramean tribal group that was in the middle Euphrates region during the early part of the first millennium B.C.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Luristan

Lorestan Province (also written Luristan, Lurestan, or Loristan), is a province of western Iran in the Zagros Mountains.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited; reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Macedonia (Roman province)

A province of the Roman empire at the death of Trajan (117 CE).
Creators: J.J. Wilkes, S.T. Parker, R.S. Bagnall, W.V. Harris, A.S. Esmonde-Cleary, C.M. Wells, J.F. Drinkwater, R.C. Knapp, S. Mitchell
Contributors: Mary E. Downs, M. Joann McDaniel, Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott, Brian Z. Lund, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies
Modifications: initial revision; title, description
Actors: Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott

Mahalliba

A town mentioned in Neo-Assyrian sources; the modern site is Maḥālib.
Creators: Claudia Horst
Contributors: Jamie Novotny, Ryan M. Horne
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Claudia Horst

Makiru

An unlocated well presumably in the middle Euphrates region, in or near the kingdom of Suhu.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Manṣuāte

A town mentioned in Neo-Assyrian sources; the name of the place in Egyptian sources is Mnḏt. Manṣuāte is probably to be identified with modern Maṣyāf (Maṣyāt).
Creators: Claudia Horst
Contributors: Jamie Novotny
Modifications: edited; initial revision; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Claudia Horst, Jamie Novotny

Maqam er-Rab

A peripteral temple built of basalt that includes an altar to Nemesis. Epigraphic data provides a chronology of late second to third centuries A.D.
Creators: J.P. Brown, P.-L. Gatier
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Jeffrey Becker, R. Warner, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: summary, references. changed deprecated feature type to "temple"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Martu

An unlocated well in the middle Euphrates region, near the city Ḫindānu.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Martyrion

Creators: Tom Elliott
Contributors:
Modifications: migrated from location
Actors: Tom Elliott

Maskas (river)

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 91 unlocated Maskas fl.
Creators: M. Roaf, St J. Simpson
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Mastabet el-Fara'un

The site of the burial of Shepseskaf, the last known pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:
Modifications: migrated from location
Actors: Tom Elliott

Matiātu

A town mentioned in Neo-Assyrian sources that is identified with modern Midyat. Midyat originated as a Hurrian settlement in the third millennium B.C.
Creators: Claudia Horst
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny
Modifications: edited; fixed urls for wikipedia and wikidata references; geonames 304382; initial revision; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory; summary
Actors: Claudia Horst, Jeffrey Becker

Melem-kurukurra-dulla

According to an inscription of the Neo-Babylonian king Nabonidus, the name of the wall of Kish was Melem-kurukurra-dulla, whose Sumerian ceremonial name means "(Whose) Radiance Spreads over (All) Lands."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Mesatis/Mesoa

An ancient settlement, attested by literary or documentary sources, whose precise location cannot be determined today
Creators: G. Reger, J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Me-Turnat

Me-Turnat was a Bronze Age and Iron Age settlement located on the Diyala river.
Creators: M. Roaf, St J. Simpson
Contributors: DARMC, Claudia Horst, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott
Modifications: initial revision; references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Mila Mergi

The mountain now called Mila Mergi was called Ilimeru in Assyrian texts of the 8th century B.C. The identification is provided by an Assyrian rock relief dating to the reign of Tiglath-pileser III. The mountain is located ca. 25 kilometers northwest of Dohuk in northern Iraq.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added postgate 1973 reference; edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Minio (river)

A river that flows some 62 km from the Monti Sabatini to the Tyrrhenian Sea.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Minu'û

The name of a nomadic Aramean tribal group that was in the middle Euphrates region during the early part of the first millennium B.C.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Moesia Inferior (province)

A province of the Roman Empire created under the Emperor Domitian from part of the older province of Moesia (q.v.).
Creators: J.J. Wilkes, S.T. Parker, R.S. Bagnall, W.V. Harris, A.S. Esmonde-Cleary, C.M. Wells, J.F. Drinkwater, R.C. Knapp, S. Mitchell
Contributors: Brian Z. Lund, R. Talbert, Mary E. Downs, M. Joann McDaniel, Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: title, description
Actors: Tom Elliott

Moesia Superior (province)

A province of the Roman Empire created under the Emperor Domitian from part of the older province of Moesia (q.v.).
Creators: J.J. Wilkes, S.T. Parker, R.S. Bagnall, W.V. Harris, A.S. Esmonde-Cleary, C.M. Wells, J.F. Drinkwater, R.C. Knapp, S. Mitchell
Contributors: Brian Z. Lund, Sean Gillies, M. Joann McDaniel, Jeffrey Becker, R. Talbert, Mary E. Downs, Tom Elliott
Modifications: description; title, description
Actors: Tom Elliott

Monte Falterona

A peak of the Tuscan-Romagnolo Apennines, rising to 1,654 m. above sea level, Monte Falterona is the source of the Arno river and shows evidence of Etruscan occupation.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications:
Actors:

Monterano

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 C4 Monterano
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Ryan M. Horne, Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory; references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Morana

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 27 A4 Morana
Creators: P.O. Spann
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Jeffrey Becker, R. Warner, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, María Jesús Redondo
Modifications:
Actors:

Moregine

Moregine, immediately to the south of the archaeological site of Pompeii, is the findspot of an important archaeological assemblage buried by seismic activity that preceded that final eruption of Vesuvius in A.D. 79.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Morlanwelz

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 11 E2 Morlanwelz
Creators: C. Haselgrove, J. Kunow
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Tom Elliott
Modifications: baseline created; pleiadesrefbot cleaned up 4 references: batlas, tir lutetia, rfo, pecs (perseus)
Actors: Tom Elliott

Mount Judi

Mount Judi (also al-Ǧūdiyy, Cûdî‎, Cudi), also spelled Guti and Kutu, is a mountain where Sennacherib had several monuments carved. The Neo-Assyrian name is Mount Nipur.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Ryan M. Horne
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Mura Greche

The so-called "Mura Greche" are remains of the later third century B.C. fortifications of Neapolis.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:
Modifications: migrated from location
Actors: Tom Elliott

Muṣaṣir

A town mentioned in Neo-Assyrian sources. Although the city's exact location is not known, it has tentatively been identified with modern Mergasur, which is 10 km west of Topzawa.
Creators: Claudia Horst
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny
Modifications: edited; removed empty reference
Actors: Claudia Horst, Jeffrey Becker

Mutkīnu

A town mentioned in Neo-Assyrian sources. It is probably to be identified with the modern site Tel ʿAbīr; Tell Ḫamīs is another possible location for the city.
Creators: Claudia Horst
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny, Ryan M. Horne
Modifications:
Actors:

Nabulu

A town mentioned in Neo-Assyrian sources that is now identified as modern Girnavaz Höyük. Nabulu was a Late Bronze Age and an Iron Age settlement located north of Nusaybin.
Creators: Claudia Horst
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny
Modifications: edited; initial revision; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory; reference
Actors: Claudia Horst, Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Nahr al-Kalb monuments

Over twenty rock reliefs (with accompanying inscriptions) are carved into the limestone cliffs around the estuary of the Nahr al-Kalb river.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Nebuchadnezzar II Inscriptions near Brissa

Two rock reliefs with inscriptions of the Neo-Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II were engraved in the Wadi esh-Sharbin, about 2 km southwest of the modern Lebanese town Brissa (also called Braïssé, Brisa).
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Negub tunnel

The Negub tunnel was part of an irrigation system that supported the Assyrian royal city of Nimrud.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Nēmed-Marduk

The outer city wall of Nippur according to the so-called "Kuyunjik Ziqqurrat List" (7th century B.C.). Its Akkadian ceremonial name means "Bulwark of the God Marduk".
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited; edited details; initial revision
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Nepet

Nepet had become a Roman town before 396 B.C. when Livy dubs it, along with Sutrium, as one of the "keys" to Etruria. It became a Roman colony in 383 B.C. and a municipium after the Social War.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications:
Actors:

Nilus (river)

The Nile is a major river of northeastern Africa and is generally acknowledged as the longest river in the world, measuring some 6,650 km (4,130 miles) from source to mouth.
Creators: A. Bernand
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert, Jeffrey Becker, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp, Sean Gillies, B. Siewert-Mayer, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: initial revision
Actors: Tom Elliott

Nippur/Nufar/‘Hippareni’

An ancient Sumerian settlement whose ruins lie at Nuffar in modern Iraq. Under various names it persisted as a settlement throughout the periods of Greek and Roman engagement in Babylonia.
Creators: A. Hausleiter, M. Roaf, St J. Simpson, R. Wenke
Contributors: Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, W. Röllig, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp, DARMC, R. Talbert, Sebastian Heath, P. Flensted Jensen, B. Siewert-Mayer, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: darmc 20530; initial revision; references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Nirabu

A town mentioned in Neo-Assyrian sources. Nīrabu is equated with Aramaic nrb, classical Nērabos, and modern Nayrab.
Creators: Claudia Horst
Contributors: Jamie Novotny
Modifications: edited; initial revision; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Claudia Horst, Jamie Novotny

Noricum (province)

A province of the Roman Empire at the death of Trajan (117 CE).
Creators: J.J. Wilkes, S.T. Parker, R.S. Bagnall, W.V. Harris, A.S. Esmonde-Cleary, C.M. Wells, J.F. Drinkwater, R.C. Knapp, S. Mitchell
Contributors: Brian Z. Lund, R. Talbert, Mary E. Downs, M. Joann McDaniel, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: description
Actors: Tom Elliott

Noricum (region)

Region deriving its name from a federated Celtic kingdom that became a province of the Roman empire (q.v.).
Creators: H. Bender
Contributors: G. Moosbauer, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, M. Puhane, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: title, description
Actors: Tom Elliott

North Agora

The Agora was the main civic square of the town. It was an enclosed space (ca. 202 x 72 m) surrounded by Ionic porticos on all sides. A fragmentary architrave inscription from the double north colonnade records its dedication by C. Julius Zoilos, the leading figure in the town in the 30s and 20s B.C.
Creators: Tom Elliott
Contributors: Katelin McCullough, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: migrated from location
Actors: Tom Elliott

Numidia (Roman province)

A province of the Roman empire at the death of Trajan (117CE).
Creators: J.J. Wilkes, S.T. Parker, R.S. Bagnall, W.V. Harris, A.S. Esmonde-Cleary, C.M. Wells, J.F. Drinkwater, R.C. Knapp, S. Mitchell
Contributors: Brian Z. Lund, R. Talbert, Mary E. Downs, M. Joann McDaniel, Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: title, description
Actors: Tom Elliott

Nuraghe Porcarzos

A complex nuraghe surrounded by a quadrilobate bastion.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications: cnxn; created place; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory; name
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Nursia

Nursia was the northernmost city of the Sabines.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Odeon

Creators: Tom Elliott
Contributors: Katelin McCullough, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: migrated from location
Actors: Tom Elliott

Oichalia

An ancient settlement, attested by literary or documentary sources, whose precise location cannot be determined today
Creators: G. Reger, J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Olooson

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 55 C1 Olooson
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, G. Reger, R. Talbert
Modifications: tm geo id 12058
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Olympias/Gonnocondylus

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 55 C1 Olympias/Gonnocondylus
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: R. Talbert, Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, G. Reger, Robin Iversen Rönnlund, Tom Elliott
Modifications: references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Olympos (mountain in Greece)

Olympus is the highest mountain in Greece, located in the Olympus Range. In Greek mythology, it is the home of the Olympian gods.
Creators: E.N. Borza
Contributors: R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Elizabeth Robinson, Tom Elliott
Modifications: baseline created; check in of working copy; initial revision; references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Olympos (mountain on Cyprus)

A mountain located on the northeast tip of the island of Cyprus and mentioned by Strabo. One of several mountains scattered throughout the Greek world known by this name. Not to be confused with the main peak of the Trogodos mountains, which is today called "Mount Olympus" and lies in the center of the island.
Creators: D. Rupp
Contributors: R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications:
Actors: Tom Elliott

Omphake?

Omphake? was an ancient Sikanian center that came into conflict with the Greek colony of Gela.
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: initial revision
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ossa (mountain)

A mountain in central Greece (between Olympus and Pelion), important in Greek mythology. Several ancient cities and a shrine to the Muses were located on its western slopes.
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, G. Reger, Tom Elliott
Modifications: initial revision; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory; references; title, description
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Padakku/Fadak

Ancient Padakku/Fadak is an oasis town in the Arabian Peninsula that is idenified with the modern city al-Ḥā’iṭ.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Pagus Ianiculensis

Pagus Ianiculens is a name for a district of the Transtiberim during the Republican period. The name is attested in two inscriptions of ca. 100 B.C., one of which was found in an opus signinum pavement near the church of Santa Maria dell'Orto.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications:
Actors:

Pagus Suttuensis

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 32 D4 Pagus Suttuensis
Creators: R.B. Hitchner
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, R. Warner, Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: tm geo id 17210
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Palace of Nebuchadnezzar II

The Neo-Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II constructed for himself a large and ornately decorated palace, the ruins of which are still visible today. This extensive architectural complex was located in the Kadingirra district of Babylon, which is situated just south of the Ishtar Gate, east of the processional street Ay-ibūr-šabû, north of the Lībil-hengalla canal, and west of the Euphrates River. Several Akkadian inscriptions of Nebuchadnezzar II record the construction of this building.
Creators: Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added references to zotero; baseline created; initial revision; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory; migrated from location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott

"Palaestra"

The so-called "Large Palaestra" is an open square (ca. 140 x 140 m) surrounded by porticoes built in the early first century A.D.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:
Modifications: migrated from location
Actors: Tom Elliott

Palaio Pretorio

The ruins of a colonnaded structure in marble, perhaps a temple; a well / cistern is also observed by Sealy.
Creators: C. Foss, G. Reger, S. Mitchell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: cnxn
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Palatinus Mons

The central hill of Rome, Italy. Legend held that Romulus founded the city of Rome on the Palatine.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications: added name
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pannonia Inferior (province)

A province of the Roman Empire at the death of Trajan (117 CE).
Creators: J.J. Wilkes, S.T. Parker, R.S. Bagnall, W.V. Harris, A.S. Esmonde-Cleary, C.M. Wells, J.F. Drinkwater, R.C. Knapp, S. Mitchell
Contributors: Brian Z. Lund, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, M. Joann McDaniel, Jeffrey Becker, Mary E. Downs, Tom Elliott
Modifications: title, description
Actors: Tom Elliott

Pannonia Superior (province)

A province of the Roman Empire at the death of Trajan (117 CE).
Creators: J.J. Wilkes, S.T. Parker, R.S. Bagnall, W.V. Harris, A.S. Esmonde-Cleary, C.M. Wells, J.F. Drinkwater, R.C. Knapp, S. Mitchell
Contributors: Brian Z. Lund, Sean Gillies, M. Joann McDaniel, R. Talbert, Mary E. Downs, Tom Elliott
Modifications: title, description
Actors: Tom Elliott

Parentium

Ancient Parentium, now Poreč, Croatia, was a city on the western coast of the Istrian peninsula. There is archaeological evidence of Illyrian settlement from the Bronze Age onward. The site factors in Roman campaigns of the second century BC. The settlement became an oppidum civium Romanorum and then was advanced to municipium by Augustus. Tiberius dubbed it Colonia Iulia Parentium in the first century AD.
Creators: M. Šašel Kos, P. Kos
Contributors: Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Nathalie Prévôt, R. Talbert, Francis Tassaux
Modifications: baseline created
Actors: Nathalie Prévôt

Parthenon

The poliadic temple of Athena located on the Athenian Acropolis and constructed at the height of Athenian power between 447 and 432 BCE. The Parthenon is the largest Doric temple in mainland Greece.
Creators: Gabriel McKee
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Jonathan Fu
Modifications: added references; edited; initial revision; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory; np; references; summary
Actors: Gabriel McKee, Jeffrey Becker

Patibīri

A town mentioned in Neo-Assyrian sources; an alternate name is Bad-tibira; the modern site is Tel Madain.
Creators: Claudia Horst
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pauli Stincus

A Punic farm site occupied from the fourth to the second century B.C.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Ryan M. Horne
Modifications: initial revision
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pitru

A town mentioned in Neo-Assyrian sources; it is generally identified with Aušur ar-Rafi'a (Tell Aušerīya).
Creators: Claudia Horst
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny
Modifications: edited; initial revision; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Claudia Horst, Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Poggio Civitate (Murlo)

An Etruscan elite complex of the seventh and sixth centuries B.C. located at Poggio Civitate, a hill adjacent to the medieval town of Murlo and about 25 km south of Siena.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, Eric Kansa
Modifications: wikander 2017
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Poggio Sommavilla

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 D4 Poggio Sommavilla
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pompeii

An ancient city of Campania destroyed by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in A.D. 79, Pompeii was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Gabriel Bodard, R. Talbert, Ryan M. Horne
Modifications: reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pompelo

Cn. Pompeius Magnus is considered to have been the founder of Pompelo (modern Pamplona) while on campaign against Sertorius in 75 BC.
Creators: H.S. Sivan, S.J. Keay, R.W. Mathisen
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Sarah Bond, Tom Elliott
Modifications: strabo
Actors: Tom Elliott

Poseidonia/Paestum

A major Greco-Roman center of south Italy, Poseidonia/Paestum was originally founded by Greeks from Sybaris in the seventh century BC, who named the settlement Poseidonia. After the Pyrrhic war, the city became a Latin colony named Paestum ca. 273 BC.
Creators: I.E.M. Edlund Berry, A.M. Small
Contributors: Robert B. Camp, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Alex Biad, Jeffrey Becker, Adam Rabinowitz, Tom Elliott, DARMC, John Muccigrosso, Keri Lynne Porter, Noura Alavi, R. Talbert, Levi Noble
Modifications: references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Proerna

An ancient city in Tetras or Achaia Phthiotis in Greece.
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, G. Reger, R. Talbert
Modifications: cnxn; edited; tm geo id 33442
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Prytanikon at Athens

The Prytanikon was the seat of the Prytaneis and was located on the west side of the Agora in proximity to the Old Bouleuterion, with which it formed an architectural unit. This structure was supplanted by the later Tholos and its remains are referred to as "Building F". It dates to the later period of the Peisistratids, ca. 550-525 B.C.
Creators: Denitsa Dzhigova
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: cnxn; edited; summary, references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Pyramid of Djoser

The pyramid of the Third Dynasty pharaoh Djoser was built at Saqqara by architect Imhotep ca. 2267-2648 B.C.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications:
Actors:

Pyramid of Khafre

The Pyramid of Khafre is the second-largest of the ancient Egyptian Pyramids at Giza and served as the tomb of the pharaoh Khafre (Chefren), of the Fourth Dynasty of ancient Egypt.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; migrated from location; references; title
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Pyramid of Khendjer

The pyramid of the Pharaoh Khendjer (Thirteenth Dynasty) who ruled Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period (ca. 1760 B.C.)
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:
Modifications: migrated from location
Actors: Tom Elliott

Pyramid of Khentkawes

Khentkawes I was a queen of the 4th dynasty of ancient Egypt. She may have been a daughter of the pharaoh Menkaure, and the wife of both kings Shepseskaf and Userkaf. Her tomb at Giza – LG100 – is located close to Menkaure's pyramid complex.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:
Modifications: migrated from location; name; summary, references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Pyramid of Menkaure

The Pyramid of Menkaure is the smallest of the three main pyramids located on the Giza plateau. It marks the tomb of the fourth dynasty Egyptian Pharaoh Menkaure.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:
Modifications: migrated from location; name; summary, references; title
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Pyramid of Sekhemkhet

The Pyramid of Sekhemkhet, also known as "The Buried Pyramid", is an unfinished step pyramid at Saqqara that was begun ca. 2645 B.C. for Sekhemkhet Djoserty.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:
Modifications: initial revision; migrated from location
Actors: Tom Elliott

Pyramid of Unas

A pyramid at Saqqara built for Unas, the final ruler of Egypt's Fifth Dynasty.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications:
Actors:

Pythion

An ancient city, located on the western slope of mount Olympos to the southwest of modern Pythion.
Creators: E.N. Borza
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Brady Kiesling, R. Talbert
Modifications: darmc; fixed errors in darmc and npauly references; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory; references; summary
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Qaqqar-aradātu

An unlocated city/town in the kingdom of Suhu, probably not far from Alu-eššu, Baqa, and Ribaniš.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Qaryat al-Lak

Qaryat al-Lak (formerly called Tulul al-Lak) is a small village in northern Iraq that is located between the Assyrian cities Nimrud and Mosul. The modern village is built on top of the ruin mound. The ancient name of the settlement is not known.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Queen's pyramid

There are three satellite pyramids, typically referred to as "Queen's pyramids", associated with the pyramid of Menkaure on the Giza plateau.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:
Modifications: migrated from location
Actors: Tom Elliott

Rablê

A town mentioned in Neo-Assyrian sources; the modern site is Riblah, located ca. 35 km south of Ḥomṣ.
Creators: Claudia Horst
Contributors: Jamie Novotny
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Claudia Horst

Raetia

An ancient region comprising the central Alps during Roman times, spanning parts of the modern countries of Austria, Germany, Italy, Slovenia, and Switzerland with Liechtenstein. NB the Roman administrative province of Raetia, which has its own place resource in Pleiades.
Creators: H. Bender
Contributors: G. Moosbauer, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, M. Puhane, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: tm geo id 3319
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Raetia (province)

The Roman province of Raetia, located in the central Alps and coincident with the region known by the same name to the Romans (q.v.).
Creators: J.J. Wilkes, S.T. Parker, R.S. Bagnall, W.V. Harris, A.S. Esmonde-Cleary, C.M. Wells, J.F. Drinkwater, R.C. Knapp, S. Mitchell
Contributors: Brian Z. Lund, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, M. Joann McDaniel, Jeffrey Becker, Mary E. Downs, Tom Elliott
Modifications: added np reference; added wikipedia reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Rahi-ilu

An unlocated city/town in the kingdom of Suhu that was situated on an island in the Euphrates River.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Raṣappa

A land (and later an Assyrian province) mentioned in first-millennium B.C. Akkadian texts from Assyria and Suhu. Scholars generally believe that this land/province is located east of the Habur River, south of Jebel Singar, and northeast of the land Bit-Halupê.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications: edited; initial revision; typo in details
Actors: Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott

Rhizous

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 55 D1 Rhizous
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, G. Reger, Tom Elliott
Modifications: initial revision
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ribaniš

An unlocated city/town in the kingdom of Suhu, probably not far from Alu-eššu, Baqa, and Qaqqar-aradātu.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Roccaspromonte

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 G2 Roccaspromonte
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Roma

The capital of the Roman Republic and Empire.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, DARMC, Sebastian Heath, Tom Elliott, R. Talbert
Modifications:
Actors:

Roman Agora of Athens

The Roman agora at Athens is located to the north of the Acropolis and to the east of the ancient Agora.
Creators: Denitsa Dzhigova
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Brady Kiesling
Modifications: edited; references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Roman amphitheater at Trebula Mutuesca

The archaeological remains of the Roman amphitheater at Trebula Mutuesca are located at Monteleone Sabino in the Province of Rieti, Italy.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications:
Actors:

Roman arch at Capera

A quadrifons arch at Capera.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications: references
Actors: Tom Elliott

Roman theater of Milan

The Roman theater of Milan was built during the Augustan period and could accommodate 7,000 to 9,000 spectators.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:
Modifications: initial revision
Actors: Tom Elliott

Sabata/Sabatini

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 unlocated *Sabata/Sabatini
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: initial revision
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sabate

An ancient settlement, attested by literary or documentary sources, whose precise location cannot be determined today
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: cnxn; smith 1854 (perseus), sabatínus lacus
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sabatinus lacus

A volcanic lake in Latium north of Rome (modern Lago di Bracciano).
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited; references; title, summary
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Sabini

The Sabini (Sabines) were an Italic tribe of central Italy and belonged to the Osco-Umbrian language group. Their territory straddled parts of the modern regions of Lazio, Umbria, and the Abruzzo. Ancient writers connect them with Rome at the time of its foundation, as represented by the episode of the 'rape of the Sabine women' reported by various ancient authors.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sabutus (river)

A river of Bruttium.
Creators: I.E.M. Edlund Berry, A.M. Small
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sam'al

A Hittite and Aramaean city located at Zincirli Höyük in the Anti-Taurus mountains. The site appears in Neo-Assyrian sources as Samʾalla and Aramaic texts as šmʿl (also yʾdy). It is identified with the modern site of Zincirli.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Jamie Novotny
Modifications: check in of working copy; initial revision
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Šamaš Gate

The Šamaš Gate is one of Babylon's eight city gates and it is situated on the southwestern side of the inner city, directly south of the Tuba quarter. King Nebuchadnezzar II built the gate ca. 575 B.C.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Sanctuary of Hercules Victor

The Sanctuary of Hercules Victor in Tivoli is a significant cult place of the second century B.C. The sanctuary is composed of a vaulted, terraced platform that support the temple, its porticoes, and a theater.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications:
Actors:

Šapīya

An unlocated settlement in the territory of the Chaldean tribe of Bīt-Amukāni.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Saqqarah

A pharaonic necropolis serving the ancient Egyptian city of Memphis. It was most active during Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom Egypt. The step pyramid complex of the Third Dynasty Pharaoh Djoser is the best preserved and most well known structure of the site.
Creators: Iris Fernandez
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, Sean Gillies, Valeria Vitale, Gabriel Bodard
Modifications: ctype: near
Actors: Tom Elliott

Sarugu

The name of a nomadic Aramean tribal group that was in the middle Euphrates region during the early part of the first millennium B.C.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Sebasteion

The Sebasteion at Aphrodisias was a temple complex dedicated to Aphrodite and the Iulio-Claudian emperors that was financed by local patrons. It was built between ca. AD 20 and 60. The complex was excavated in 1979-81.
Creators: Tom Elliott
Contributors: Katelin McCullough, Ann Morgan, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: migrated from location
Actors: Tom Elliott

Segouiola

Segouiola was an old Spanish village located in the west of the province of Sevilla during the kingdom of Alfonso X. Previously, the Arab population called it Boriauenzohar. Afterwards, this place assumed other names, including Torre del Guadiamar. Since the nineteenth century, Torre del Guadiamar county has been part of Benacazón.
Creators: María Jesús Redondo
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sela

Sela (also as-Silaʿ and es-Selaʿ) was the the capital of the land Edom. The city is equated with the biblical Joktheel/Jokteel/Jectehel.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Seleucid Empire

The Seleucid Empire was a Hellenistic kingdom, founded by Seleucus I Nicator, and ruled by the Seleucid dynasty from 312 to 63 BCE. At its height it stretched from the Aegean Sea to northern India, but it steadily lost territory and prestige. The remnants of the kingdom were eventually incorporated into Roman territory as the province of Syria in 64 BCE.
Creators: Ryan M. Horne
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: initial revision; name; reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Semuncla

A road station during the Roman period, attested by the Antonine Itinerary. Its exact location is not known today, but may have been in the Upper Sinni Valley in southern Italy.
Creators: I.E.M. Edlund Berry, A.M. Small
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott
Modifications: baseline created; corrected detail; details and place type after batlas; initial revision; itant -> evidence; pleiadesrefbot cleaned up 4 references: batlas, itant (cuntz), re, bottini 1990; updated itant reference to link to internet archive
Actors: Tom Elliott, Tom Elliott

Shaduppum

Shaduppum was a small but heavily fortified city dating from the middle of the third millennium to the second millennium B.C.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Sean Gillies, Francis Deblauwe, B. Siewert-Mayer, Eric Kansa, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp
Modifications: edited; summary
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Shir as-Sanam Inscription

A Neo-Babylonian rock relief of Nebuchadnezzar II was found in the area of the modern city Qubbayat, close to the Wadi Oustane and the Jebel Akroum. The monument at Shir as-Sanam is about 16 Km from Qubbayat, on the road to Chambouq and Hermel. It is about located ca. 120 meters from the road, on the western side, 15 m. above the ground.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Siannu

A town mentioned in Neo-Assyrian sources that is identified with modern Tel Siyānu.
Creators: Claudia Horst
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny
Modifications: edited; initial revision; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Claudia Horst, Jeffrey Becker

Šibaniba

A town mentioned in Neo-Assyrian sources; the modern site is Tell Billa.
Creators: Claudia Horst
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny, Ryan M. Horne
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Sikani

A town mentioned in Neo-Assyrian sources that is generally identified with Tell Fekheriye (Tell Faḫārīya).
Creators: Claudia Horst
Contributors: Jamie Novotny
Modifications: edited; initial revision; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Claudia Horst, Jamie Novotny

Sippar-Amnanum

Sippar-Amnanum, located at modern Tell ed-Der, was an ancient city of the Old Babylonian period and the sister city of Sippar.
Creators: Gabriel McKee
Contributors: Müge Durusu, Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott
Modifications: initial revision; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Sissû

A town mentioned in Neo-Assyrian sources. It is identified with modern Kozan (formerly Sis) and classical Sision.
Creators: Claudia Horst
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny, Ryan M. Horne
Modifications:
Actors:

South Agora

The so-called South Agora was the city's secondary public square. The complex dedicated by a local aristocrat Diogenes to the emperor Tiberius.
Creators: Tom Elliott
Contributors: Katelin McCullough, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: migrated from location
Actors: Tom Elliott

Sphinx Temple

The Old Kingdom temple associated with the Great Sphinx of Giza and assigned to the reign of Khafre.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:
Modifications: location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory; migrated from location; reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Stadium

The stadium at Aphrodisias dates to the later first century A.D. and is thought to be part of a comprehensive program of monumental construction undertaken at the site. The stadium's form is unusual and scholars assign it to a category referred to as στάδιον ἀμφιθέατρον (an "amphitheatral stadium").
Creators: Tom Elliott
Contributors: Katelin McCullough, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: migrated from location
Actors: Tom Elliott

Stoa of Zeus (Eleutherios)

The Stoa of Zeus Eleutherios was built on the west side of the Agora of Athens between 430-425 BC, in honor of Zeus "of Freedom"; the stoa, Doric in its external order, housed the shields of Athenians who had died fighting for the city.
Creators: April Kissinger, Eric Shea, Chelsea Lee, Sterling Wright
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Adam Rabinowitz, Tom Elliott
Modifications: references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Suhu

The kingdom of Suhu was situated on the middle Euphrates and stretched from the northwestern border of Babylonia in the south to Hindanu in the north. During the 9th and 8th centuries B.C., its rulers held authority over the cities Anat (Anatho), Suru, Rahi-ilu, and even Mari. Approximately thirty Akkadian inscriptions of its rulers Šamaš-rēša-uṣur and Ninurta-kudurrī-uṣur were discovered in the region of Haditha in the early 1980s, prior to the construction of the Haditha dam, which flooded the region; many of Suhu's cities are now underwater.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Sumer

Sumer (Akkadian Šumeru; Sumerian Kiengir) is the name of a historical region of southern Mesopotamia, now modern-day southern Iraq. It is home to one of the world’s earliest civilizations and one of the places where writing was first developed. Eridu, Girsu, Lagash, Shuruppak, Umma, Ur, and Uruk are among its most well-known urban centers.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Ṣumūa

An unlocated well presumably in the middle Euphrates region, in or near the kingdom of Suhu.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Suribu

An unlocated well presumably in the middle Euphrates region, in or near the kingdom of Suhu.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Sur Jureh

Sur Jureh (also Sur Jurʿeh, Sūr Ğurʿa) is a site in the middle Euphrates region in what was part of the ancient kingdom of Suhu. The city, which is probably to be identified with ancient Gabbāri-bānî (or Gabbāri-ibni), was situated on the north bank of the Euphrates, opposite Gleieh (which lies on the southern bank). Like many towns and cities of the ancient kingdom of Suhu, Sur Jureh/Gabbāri-bānî is now underwater; the area was flooded after the construction of the Haditha dam.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: edited; fixed typo in summary; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott

Suteans

A West Semitic semi-nomadic group attested principally in Babylonia during the first millennium B. C. The Sutû are also attested in cuneiform sources of the second millennium B.C., including several of the Amarna Letters, and these earlier texts provide evidence for the Suteans living in the Levant and Syria, west of the Euphrates River.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: edited; initial revision; references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Sybaris

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 58 unlocated Sybaris
Creators: G. Reger, J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: initial revision
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Syria (Roman imperial province)

The Roman imperial province of Syria.
Creators: J.J. Wilkes, S.T. Parker, R.S. Bagnall, W.V. Harris, A.S. Esmonde-Cleary, C.M. Wells, J.F. Drinkwater, R.C. Knapp, S. Mitchell
Contributors: Brian Z. Lund, Sean Gillies, M. Joann McDaniel, R. Talbert, Mary E. Downs, Tom Elliott
Modifications: title, summary
Actors: Tom Elliott

Tarbiṣu

Tarbiṣu, now modern Sherif Khan, was an Assyrian city located about 5 kilometers north of Nineveh. It was the principal cult center of the god Nergal in Assyria. Starting in the 8th and 7th centuries B.C., Tarbiṣu was a royal city and one of the primary residences of the Assyrian crown prince, who was trained in the art of kingship in the palace built there.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications:
Actors:

Tell Abu Salabikh

Tell Abu Salabikh was the site of a small Sumerian city of the third millennium BC.
Creators: A. Hausleiter, M. Roaf, St J. Simpson, R. Wenke
Contributors: Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, W. Röllig, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp, DARMC, R. Talbert, P. Flensted Jensen, B. Siewert-Mayer, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: initial revision; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Tell al-Lahm/Dur-Yakin?/Duru(m)?

Tell al-Lahm/Dur-Yakin?/Duru(m)? is the possible location of an important first millennium B.C. Chaldean settlement. This site appears in first millennium B.C. texts together with Ur, Uruk, Larsa, Eridu, and Kullab (Uruk sanctuary), as well as in Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian texts and inscriptions.
Creators: A. Hausleiter, M. Roaf, St J. Simpson, R. Wenke
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, P. Flensted Jensen, Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott
Modifications: darmc 31516; initial revision; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory; summary
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Tell Ischali

Tell Ishchali is an archaeological site in Iraq's Diyala province. Its main floruit in antiquity was from ca. 2700–1800 BC, primarily Dynastic through the Isin–Larsa period. The site was part of the city-state of Eshnunna.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Tell Wilaya

Tell Wilaya is a small site that was occupied from the Jemdet Nasr Period to the Old Babylonian Period. Its ancient name is not known, but it may have been Keš.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited; initial revision; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Tempio della Tosse

The so-called "Tempio della Tosse" is an ancient Roman building along the river Anio. Its dating is problematic, but it is likely a building of late antiquity that is built on the site of an earlier villa. It has been interpreted as a nymphaeum, a temple, and also as a tomb.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications:
Actors:

Temple/Church

Creators: Tom Elliott
Contributors: Katelin McCullough, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: migrated from location
Actors: Tom Elliott

Temple District of Me-Turnat

This temple district may have called Sirara. The temple of the god Nergal (Ešahula) was located there.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications: edited; initial revision; type: district
Actors: Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott

Temple of Jupiter Anxur

A late Republican sanctuary of the city of Terracina that is typically dated ca. 100-70 B.C.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors: Sean Gillies
Modifications: added references; migrated from location
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Temple of Vesta at Tibur

The Temple of Vesta in Tivoli dates to the early first century B.C. It was once situated on the acropolis of the ancient city. Its ruins now lie within the grounds of the Villa Gregoriana.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications:
Actors:

Tergeste

Tergeste (the modern Trieste) was first a vicus dependent on Aquileia (ca. 100 BC) and later became a colony under Caesar, sometime before 52 B.C. In the Augustan reorganization of Italy, the city was part of the Decima Regio and then of Venetia et Histria. By Late Antiquity, it had become a bishopric.
Creators: H. Bender
Contributors: DARMC, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott, G. Moosbauer, Nathalie Prévôt, M. Puhane, R. Talbert, Francis Tassaux
Modifications: check in of working copy
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Tetrapylon

The monumental columnar entrance to the sanctuary of Aphrodite
Creators: Tom Elliott
Contributors: Katelin McCullough, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: migrated from location
Actors: Tom Elliott

Thaima

Thaima or Tayma is an oasis with a long history of human settlement.
Creators: D.F. Graf
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott
Modifications: check in of working copy; initial revision
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Thaumasion (mountain)

An ancient peak whose precise location is not known, but which Pausanias implies was part of the Mainalion range in Achaia.
Creators: G. Reger, J. McK. Camp II
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: baseline created; initial revision; summary
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Theater

The Theater of Aphrodisias dates to the second half of the first century B.C. and stands on the eastern slope of the acropolis.
Creators: Tom Elliott
Contributors: Katelin McCullough, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: migrated from location
Actors: Tom Elliott

The Giza Necropolis

This complex of ancient monuments includes the three pyramid complexes known as the Great Pyramids, the massive sculpture known as the Great Sphinx, several cemeteries, a workers' village and an industrial complex.
Creators: Roko Rumora, Tom Elliott
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: migrated from location; name; reference, place type
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

The Great Pyramid

The Great Pyramid of Khufu was built ca. 2580–2560 B.C. during the 4th dynasty of ancient Egypt. It initially stood to a height of 146.5 meters (481 feet).
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:
Modifications: added name resource based on geonames 356475; added reference; added references; added references from zotero library; migrated from location; summary; title
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

The Great Sphinx

A monumental limestone sphinx situated on the Giza plateau, likely connected with the reign of Pharaoh Khafre.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:
Modifications: migrated from location; name; summary, references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Thracia (province)

The Roman province as defined in the Barrington Atlas (BAtlas 100 L3 Thracia)
Creators: J.J. Wilkes, S.T. Parker, R.S. Bagnall, W.V. Harris, A.S. Esmonde-Cleary, C.M. Wells, J.F. Drinkwater, R.C. Knapp, S. Mitchell
Contributors: Brian Z. Lund, R. Talbert, Mary E. Downs, M. Joann McDaniel, Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Sebastian Heath
Modifications: added tm geo 2414; title
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Tibur

A Sabine town, 30 km east-north-east of Rome, Tibur was the seat of the Tiburtine Sibyl.
Creators: L. Quilici, S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Brady Kiesling, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Tifernus (river)

The Tifernus (modern Biferno) is a river of Molise that flows from near Bojano to the Adriatic Sea.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: description; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory; reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Tigris Tunnel Inscriptions

The so-called Tigris Tunnel is a cave ca. fifty miles north of Diyarbakır, Turkey and it forms a source of the Tigris River. In its vicinity there are several Assyrian monuments, including five inscriptions.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Til-Bašerê

An unwalled town mentioned in Neo-Assyrian sources that is identified with Tell Bašir.
Creators: Claudia Horst
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, Jamie Novotny, Tom Elliott
Modifications: edited; initial revision; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Claudia Horst, Jeffrey Becker

Til-Tūri

A town mentioned in Neo-Assyrian sources that has been identified with Tell Tūrin and Thiltauri of the Tabula Pentingeriana.
Creators: Claudia Horst
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny
Modifications: added tp reference; edited; initial revision; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Claudia Horst, Jeffrey Becker

Titarion (mountain)

Mt. Titaros.
Creators: E.N. Borza
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Tomb of Hetepheres I

Hetepheres I was a 4th Dynasty queen of ancient Egypt (ca. 2600 B.C). She may have been a wife of the pharaoh Sneferu and the mother of Khufu.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:
Modifications: migrated from location; summary, references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Torres de Auençala

Torres de Auençala was a rural castle located in the west of Jaén. This type of settlement consisted of a fortified perimeter and small tower. This site belonged to the kingdom of Alfonso X (thirteenth century). Today the site is known as Torre Venzalá and is located in Torredonjimeno.
Creators: María Jesús Redondo
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Trebula Mutuesca

Trebula Mutuesca or Trebula Mutusca was one of two Sabine cities bearing the name Trebula.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Trevignano

Trevignano Romano, located on the shores of Lake Bracciano, lies some 47 km from Rome. Archaeological evidence for Etruscan occupation, in the form of tombs dating to the eighth - sixth centuries B.C., has been discovered to the north of the modern town. A medieval castle was built there under Innocent III ca. 1200.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: aloisi 2004; cnxn; fixed typo in summary; name; references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Trimithis

An ancient settlement of at least Roman and Late Antique date, situated in the Dakleh Oasis at a site now called Amheida.
Creators: G. Wagner, Tom Elliott
Contributors: R. Talbert, Adam Prins, Jen Thum, Bruno Bazzani, Jeffrey Becker, DARMC, Herbert Verreth, Sean Gillies, Mark Depauw
Modifications: connection type
Actors: Tom Elliott

Tripolis Larisaia

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 55 D1 Tripolis Larisaia
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Jeffrey Becker, Sean Gillies, G. Reger, Tom Elliott
Modifications: references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Tu'manu

An Aramean tribe living in the middle Euphrates region and in Babylonia, and possibly the same group as the Tu'muna tribe, who are mentioned in Assyrian texts of the 8th and 7th centuries B.C.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Ubassu

A city/town mentioned in Neo-Babylonian royal inscriptions, which state that it was situated between Babylon and Borsippa. It has been tentatively identified as Tell Aswië, a small site north of Borsippa, on the main road to Babylon.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Udada

An unlocated town/city in the kingdom of Suhu with New Year's (Akītu) temple.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Ugal-amaru

According to an inscription of the Neo-Babylonian king Nabonidus, the name of the wall of Cutha was Ugal-amaru, whose ceremonial name means "Great Storm, (which is) a Deluge."
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Ukalāya

An unlocated city in the kingdom of Suhu.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Untitled

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 F4 unnamed coastal change (Pompeii)
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Uqaya

This unlocated land/region is presumably near the kingdom of Suhu, in the middle Euphrates region.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Urakka

A town mentioned in Neo-Assyrian sources that is likely to be identified as Tell ʿĀmūdā.
Creators: Claudia Horst
Contributors: Jamie Novotny
Modifications: edited; initial revision; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Claudia Horst, Jamie Novotny

Uraš Gate

The Uraš Gate is one of Babylon's eight city gates and it is situated on the southeastern side of the inner city, directly south of the Šuanna quarter. King Nebuchadnezzar II built the gate ca. 575 B.C.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Ur(i)

A major Sumerian city-state founded during the Ubaid period, ca. 3800 B.C. In archaeological terms, Ur is particularly well known for the lavish tombs of its Royal Cemetery, its massive Ziggurat. The site served as the capital of the Ur III dynasty.
Creators: A. Hausleiter, M. Roaf, St J. Simpson, R. Wenke
Contributors: Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp, DARMC, R. Talbert, P. Flensted Jensen, B. Siewert-Mayer, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: reference, summary; references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Uruk/Orchoe/Erech/Orikut

Uruk was an ancient Sumerian (and later Babylonian) city located on the Euphrates river. At its height (ca. 2900 BC), Uruk's population may have topped 50,000 people and its walls enclosed an area of more than six square kilometers, making it the largest city in the world at that point in time.
Creators: A. Hausleiter, M. Roaf, St J. Simpson, R. Wenke
Contributors: P. Flensted Jensen, Jeffrey Becker, W. Röllig, Tom Elliott, H. Kopp, DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, B. Siewert-Mayer, Francis Deblauwe, Eric Kansa
Modifications: added uwhs
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Vacchereccia

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 D4 Vacchereccia
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: initial revision
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Vacone Roman villa

A Roman villa site near Rieti known initially from several cryptoporticus structures. More recent excavations have revealed a series of rooms, including some with mosaic pavement.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Valley Temple of Khafre

The Valley Temple associated with the pyramid of Khafre. The Valley Temple is linked to the pyramid and its mortuary temple via a causeway.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:
Modifications: migrated from location; name via geonames 10278883; summary, references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott

Vejano

Vejano, located in the Province of Viterbo, is located on the Mignone river approximately 60 km northwest of Rome. While the most visible monument on the site today is the fifteenth century castle known as "La Rocca", the site has a long settlement history reaching back to the Bronze Age.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: cnxn; created place; edited; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory; references; summary
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Vicarello

A large, Roman imperial estate covering ca. 2,000 ha on the shores of Lake Bracciano. The name may derive from Vicus Aurelius, suggesting a connection with Marcus Aurelius.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: initial revision; references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Vicus Iugarius

An ancient street that led from the Forum Romanum to the porta Carmentalis, passing between the basilica Iulia and the temple of the Castors.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Vicus Matrini

Vicus Matrini was a mansio along the Via Cassia, located between Sutri and Forum Cassi. The site's name is attested on the Peutinger Table.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Johan Åhlfeldt, Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Modifications: carta archeologica del territorio di vicus matrini
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Villa Imperiale of Milan

A palatial Roman villa dating to the reign of Maximian.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker, Tom Elliott
Contributors:
Modifications: initial revision
Actors: Tom Elliott

Villa Romana di Collesecco

A villa rustica located in the Sabina, ca. 1 km from Cottanello (Rieti). The imperial villa was superimposed over a villa of the republican period.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; summary, details
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Villa S. Silvestro

The remains of a Republican temple podium now support a Christian church at Villa S. Silvestro in Umbria. The temple's podium likely dates, in its first phase, to the third century B.C.
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Volustana

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 50 B4 Volustana
Creators: E.N. Borza
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: geonames 734346; references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Wadi Bastura Tunnel Inscription

Several stone blocks forming the entrance to a tunnel make up part of an aqueduct that Sennacherib had built to divert water from the Bastura River (a tributary of the Upper Zab) to Arbela, a principal cult city of the goddess Ištar. One ashlar block bears an eight-line inscription recording the construction of a (subterranean) watercourse.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Wadi es-Saba Monuments

Two inscribed reliefs of a Neo-Babylonian king (probably Nebuchadnezzar II) are carved on a rock face in the Wadi es-Saba (“Valley of the Lion”), southwest of Akroum, Lebanon.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Walls

Approximate linear extent of the ancient city walls
Creators: Tom Elliott
Contributors: Katelin McCullough, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: migrated from location
Actors: Tom Elliott

Xyniai

Xyniai was an ancient city located in Achaea Phthiotis in western Othrys.
Creators: J. Fossey, J. Morin
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Jeffrey Becker, G. Reger, Robin Iversen Rönnlund, Tom Elliott
Modifications: references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Yabi

An unlocated city/town in the kingdom of Suhu, probably not far from Hurzē (Korsote).
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Yāduru

An unlocated city/town in the kingdom of Suhu that is located in the territory of the city Ukalāya.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors:
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Zabala

This Sumerian/Babylonian city (also known as Zabalam, now as modern Tell Ibzeikh) was a cult centre of the goddess Inanna/Ishtar. It was located near the Iturungal and Ninagina canals.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: iraq significant site 036. ibzaykh or tell ibzaykh (ancient: zabala, zabalam)***
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Zalu Ab

Zalu Ab (also Romanized as Zālū Āb and Zālūāb) is a village in Zalu Ab Rural District, in the Central District of Ravansar County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. Several ancient objects, including a bronze bowl of a Chaldean tribal leader, are reported to have been discovered in this rural Iranian village.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker, Jamie Novotny

Zamahu

A town mentioned in Neo-Assyrian sources that is identified with modern Tell ar-Rimāḥ.
Creators: Claudia Horst
Contributors: Jamie Novotny
Modifications: edited; initial revision; location from osm created by products.pleiadesentity.browser.osm.osmlocationfactory
Actors: Claudia Horst, Jamie Novotny

Zawiyah

Zāwiyah (also Zawiyeh) is a site in the middle Euphrates region in what was part of the ancient kingdom of Suhu. The city was situated on the north bank of the Euphrates, a few kilometers west of Sur Jureh and Gleieh. Like many towns and cities of the ancient kingdom of Suhu, Zāwiyah is now underwater; the area was flooded after the construction of the Haditha dam. The city's ancient name is not known.
Creators: Jamie Novotny
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: edited; initial revision
Actors: Jamie Novotny

Zeus Olympios, T.

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 50 B4 Zeus Olympios, T.
Creators: E.N. Borza
Contributors: DARMC, R. Talbert, Sean Gillies, Tom Elliott, Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: cnxn
Actors: Jeffrey Becker